外文翻译国际金融危机产生背景及原因

外文翻译国际金融危机产生背景及原因附录A(英文原文)The international

financial crisis of background and reasonsThe international

financial crisis is the capital form to international financial capital development time, virtual capital for existence under the way of economic crisis forms of expression. In the 1970 s after the

international financial capital expansion process, through the two basic system design of building the world economy foundation of order: one is

in the currency area, taking the dollar symbol is the basis of international credit money to establish the system of, freed from the shackles of physical on capital, money from a pure metal, virtual

capital proportion in the world economy increasing quickly, caused the world of virtual economy on the american-dominated international

financial capital depend on; Second, in the fields, and the american-dominated international financial capital in global arrangements within the industrial structure, the developing countries into capitalist rule system, caused the real economy is the world of the United States, for leading entity economic dependence. Financial liberalization become virtual economy and real economy flow between bond, and makes the world economic cycle flow become us-led international financial capital as the leading circle. The international financial crisis but is this system the inevitable result of the problems. By the U.S. credit crisis triggered international financial crisis, is 21

st century's largest an international crisis, is also in modern times and most extensive a crisis. And the crisis than before, the crisis in the range from developed capitalism has extended to the world around the world; From the influence of the structure of the economy, the financial crisis for outbreaks, gradually spread to each industry, until the

entire global economy system. So, just from the financial Angle to reflect on the crisis is not enough, must from capitalism in the history of the Angle inspection

system. The capitalist mode of production in different stages of development, the capital of the many form only a capital form of subject status. There are different forms of capital in the evolution of the contradictions of capitalism results. In capitalist history, the main body status of capital form the business capital, industry experience capital, financial capital and international financial capital and so on four stages. Every stage of the economic crisis that broke out the characteristics of the state and not the same. The subprime crisis caused by the international financial crisis is the capital form to international financial capital era, virtual capital for existence under the way of forms of economic crisis, is also the capitalist system inevitable outcome of the development of itself. In the whole world economic cycle, the United States and developing countries of the relationship between the main

contradictions, and Europe and Japan and other developed countries, it is the largest attached to the United States international financial

capital group. This paper mainly analyzes the main contradiction. In fact, in between developed countries, especially in the United States

and Europe, Japan there is a similar between the circulation system,

only is the European and Japanese industrial structure relatively mature, high level of industry, in to the United States trade, relatively equal status.In summary, the currency and production two link at the global within the scope of the design to liberalization for ChongFengHao, of

the current world economy, international financial capital has become a dominant force. Global production not with countries for the unit,

capital of

globalization will become global production for capital services production. In this economic system, from the United States in the field of the outbreak of the monetary crisis, expand to the domestic

production field and expanded to the world, the evolution of the global crisis, international financial capital is the history of the development of and logistic inevitable. In different capital form, capitalist economic crisis form of different. In capitalist production relations gestation period, business capital is dominant, the socialized production have not established commodity economy, the internal contradictions of economic crisis outbreak only possibility, and don't have realistic conditions; "In the capitalist free competition stage, industrial capital in the

capitalist mode of production in up subject status, the socialized production become the main characteristics of capitalist production, the

economic crisis for the production of periodic form surplus; in the monopoly capitalism, financial capital in each stage of capital form, then a dominant position in the form of capitalist economic crisis for surplus crisis and the financial crisis in the current international coexist; monopoly capitalism stage, international financial capital in the capital of the form is dominant, then capitalism of the economic crisis in the form of the international financial crisis.附录B(汉语翻译)国际金融

危机产生背景及原因国际金融危机是资本形态发展到国际金融资本时代，以虚拟

资本为存在方式下的经济危机的表现形式。在20世纪70年代以后的国际金融资

本扩张过程中，通过两个基本制度的设计构建了世界经济秩序的基础:一是在

货

币领域，以美元符号化为基础的国际信用货币体系的建立，解脱了实物对资本的

束缚，货币纯粹脱离开贵金属，虚拟资本在世界经济中的比重迅速提高，造成了

全世界的虚拟经济对以美国为主导的国际金融资本的依赖;二是在生产领域，

以

美国为主导的国际金融资本在全球内安排产业结构，将发展中国家纳入到资本主

义的统治体系中，造成了全世界在实体经济方面对以美国为主导的实体经济的依

赖。金融自由化成为实体经济和虚拟经济之间流动的纽带，使得全世界的经济循

环流成为以美国为首的国际金融资本为主导的循环圈。国际金融危机不过是这一

体系出现问题的必然结果。由美国的次贷危机引发的国际金融危机，是21世纪

以来最大的一场国际性危机，也是近代以来范围最广的一场危机。和以前的危机

相比，本次危机在范围上已经从发达资本主义世界扩展到全世界;从对经济结构

的影响上，由金融危机为爆发点，逐步蔓延到各个产业，直至到整个全球经济体系的问题。所以，只从金融角度来反思这场危机是不够的，必须从资本主义发展的历史角度进行系统考察。在资本主义生产方式发展的不同阶段上，资本的众多形态中只有一种资本形态占主体地位。不同形态的资本出现是资本主义矛盾演变的结果。在资本主义发展史上，占主体地位的资本形态经历了商业资本、产业资本、金融资本以及国际金融资本等四个阶段。每一个阶段所爆发的经济危机的特点与状态并不相同。次贷危机引发的国际金融危机是资本形态发展到国际金融资本时代、以虚拟资本为存在方式下的经济危机的表现形式，也是资本主义制度自身发展的必然结果。通过货币和生产两个环节在全球范围内的设计，以自由化为冲锋号，当今世界的经济，国际金融资本已经成为主导力量。全球生产不再是以国家为单位进行，资本的全球化将全球生产变成为资本服务的生产。在这样的经济体系下，从美国爆发的货币领域的危机，扩展到国内的生产领域并迅速扩展到世界，演变为世界性的危机，就是国际金融资本发展的历史与逻辑的必然了。在不同的资本形态下，资本主义经济危机的表现形式有所不同。在资本主义生产关系的萌芽时期，商业资本占

统治地位，社会化大生产还没有建立，商品经济的内在矛盾只有爆发经济危机可能性，而不具有现实条件;“在资本主义的自由竞争阶段，产业资本在资本主义生产方式中占主体地位，社会化大生产成为资本主义生产的主要特征，经济危机的形态为周期性的生产过剩;在垄断资本主义阶段，金融资本在各资本形态中占统治地位，这时资本主义经济危机的形态为生产过剩的危机与金融危机并存;在当前的国际垄断资本主义阶段，国际金融资本在各资本形态中占统治地位，这时资本主义的经济危机的表现形式为国际金融危机。.在国际金融资本主导的全球经济体系中，发达国家为主体的实体经济的过剩危机

一方面通过全球化方式向其他国家的转移来转嫁危机，暂缓了实体经济领域危机的爆发，另一方面，由于虚拟经济已经成为经济的主体形态，实体经济的生产相对过剩危机通过货币制度和虚拟经济来弥补。最终结果是虚拟经济的危机导致实体经济的危机。在产业资本为主导的资本主义经济体系中，经济危机呈现出来的更多的是生产领域的问题。即使在19世纪末产生的金融资本，也是银行资本与产业资本的结合，银行的投机活动受着产业资本循环的制约，经济危机主要表现是实体经济领域。只有资本形态发展到国际金融资本阶段，虽然实体资本是虚拟资本的基础，但是，虚拟资本规模化、衍生化、证券化的发展，使虚拟资本的规模远远大于实体资本，虚拟资本成为国际金融资本中的主体部分，资本投机活动扩张，才使得在此阶段下的经济危机总是首先通过金融危机为爆发点。20世纪的墨西哥金融危机以及东南亚金融危机，即使是区域性的危机，但经济危机的产生形式都是如此。信用货币体系的确立使得国际金融资本更多地以虚拟资本的方式存在。资本形态发展到以大量虚拟资本形式存在的国际金融资本的运动规律，马克思曾经有过相关的论述:“正因为价值的货币形态是价值的独立的可以捉摸的表现形式，所以，以实在货币为起点和终点的流通形式G…G′，最明白地表示出资本主义生产的动机就是赚钱。生产过程只是为了赚钱而不可缺少的中间环节，只是为了赚钱而必须干的倒

霉事。因此，一切资本主义生产方式的国家，都周期地患一种狂想病，企图不用生产过程作媒介而赚到钱。”20世纪70年代以后，随着国际信用货币体系的建立，使资本价值增殖的性质发生了根本性变化，“在纯粹的信用货币体系建立起来之后，资本取得了纯粹的实现‘价值增殖’工具的地位。信用货币体系的确立意味着金融资本在全球化(国际扩张)正经历着资本积累从真实化到金融化(虚拟化)的巨大的深刻的变革。”这一变化给资本

家带来新的获利方式，将产业资本占统治地位时期的“狂想病”变为了现实。