英语中常见介词用法总结

英语中常见介词用法总结

攻击, fire at向…开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对…高兴，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。例如：

Don’t let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。

We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我们必须有的放矢。

They trembled at the sight of the peasant’s spears.看到农民的梭标，他们阵阵发抖。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中at表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情”：be angry at恼怒于, b

e alarmed at对…保持警觉,be astonished at对…吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delight ed at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对…失望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对…不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对…感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对…非常震惊，be terrified at受到…的恐吓,be quick at对…很机敏。例如：

They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。

They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies.

他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。

3.at+名词构成的词组：at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措，

at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at prese nt目前，at sea不知所措，at times有时，at will任意地，at work起作用，at worst最坏。

4.其它含有at的短语：work hard at勤奋工作，drop in at顺路拜访。

四、For

1.动词+for

a)动词+for。for表原因、目的：account for解释；说明, answer for对…负责,apply for申请；请求, apologize f or为…而道歉, beg for请求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加, fight for为…而战, hope for希望,inq uire for查询；求见, leave for离开某地到另一地, look for寻找, long for盼望,mistake for误认为, plan for计划做某事, prepare for为…作准备,provide for为…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for竞选, stand for象征,search fo r搜寻, send for派人去请, speak for陈述意见、愿望, take for当作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如：

His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。

The baby reached for the apple but couldn’t reach it.那婴儿伸手去苹果，但够不着。

He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海底。

b)动词+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到,blame for因…责备, excuse for宽恕, forgive for 谅解, pardon for原谅,pay for花钱买, praise for称赞, punish for对…进行惩罚,push for催逼，reward for酬谢, thank for对…表示谢意。例如：

Please excuse me for my being late. 请原谅我的迟到。

Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅，让你久等了。

2. be +形容词+for。for表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be b ad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以…出名,be fit for适合于, be grateful for 对…心存感激, be impatient for对…不耐烦,be late for迟到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好准备,be sorry for为…而后悔, be responsible for对…负责,be suitable for适合于, be unfit for不适合, be useful for对…有作用。例如：

He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。

The government is responsible for the nation’s welfare.政府负责民众的福利。

3.for+名词构成的词组：for all尽管，for a song非常便宜地，for certain确切地，for company陪着，for ever 永远，for example例如，for fear以免，for fair肯定地，for free免费，for fun为了好玩，for good永远，for in stance比方，for luck祝福，for life终身，for long长久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for oneself 替自己，for pleasure为了消遣，for reason因为…理由，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short简称，for sport好玩，for sure确切地。

4.动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语：be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for从事，l o ok out for提防，ta ke sth. for granted把…当作理所当然,have an ear for音感好, have a gift for有某方面的天赋。

五、From

1.动词+from

a)动词+ from。from表示“来源、原因、起始”等：come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return fro m自某地返回，rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。例如：

All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.书中所有的人物都来自于真实的生活。

Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责赔偿。

He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回过神来。

b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from表示“来源、免于”等：borrow from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove f rom移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。例如：

He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他获准可不去听课。

Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要让孩子弄坏了书。

2. be +形容词+ from。此时from含义众多：be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如：

The boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不会走路，更不用说跑了。

3.from…to…。本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从…到…：from bad to worse每况愈下，from begi nning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth 勉强糊冢琭rom head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。

六、In

1.动词+in

a)动词+ in。in在短语中的含义异常丰富：believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in 成功, take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。例如：

He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏资金，不得不收回所有的款子。

Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失败的原因在于懒惰。

Orders are given to take in sail.已发布收帆的命令。

b)动词+sb./time/money+ in。介词in后接（doing）sth.：help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。例如：

She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家时她可以帮助他料理家务。

2. be +形容词+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿着”：be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对…失望,be diligent in勤于, b e experienced in在…有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excell ent in在…优秀,be interested in对…有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful i n在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。例如：

She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全专注于自己的事务。

More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牵涉到这件事。

3. in +名词。 in表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,in all总共，in balance总而言之，i n bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case万一, in charge主管，in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地；有效，in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣, in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地，in view看得见。

注意下列几个词组中的in为副词：check in到达登记，cut in插嘴，count in包括,draw in时间接近, drop in顺路拜访, give in屈服, pour in源源而来。

七、Of

1.动词+of

a)动词+of。of意为“有关，由于”： beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of由…构成, die of死于, dre am of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解,speak of谈及, tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如：

Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。

Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。

b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意：accuse of控告（谴责，非难）某人, cheat of骗走, deprive of剥夺,inform of汇报, rob of抢走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如：

He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。

They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权都被剥夺了。

c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语

sb.：request of请求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如：

All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。

You have done all the law requires of you.你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。

2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多：

be aware of觉察, be ashamed of以…为耻, be afraid of担心,be bare of没有, be careful of小心, be clear of还清债务,be certain of确信, be composed of由…构成, be envious of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜欢, b e free of免于；摆脱, be full of充满, be guilty of认罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of汇报, be impatient of对…无耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…为骄傲,be sick of 烦于, be short of缺乏, be sure of确信, be tired of困于,be worthy of值得。

3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年, of choice精选的，of course当然,of late最近，of name有名的，of onesel f自动地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有价值的。

八、On

1.动词+on

a)动词+ on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：act on对…有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on 拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以…为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,ha ve on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch o n接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。例如：This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。

The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。

We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。

b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，对…，在某方面”：base on以…为基础, congratulate on 恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如：

Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。

Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。

2.be+形容词+on的词组：be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对…印象深刻, be k een on渴望, be strict on对…严格。例如：

We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。

He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。

3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty 值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time 准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场,on the tip of one’s tongue快要说出口, o n top of在…的顶部，on watch值班。

九、To

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责,stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。例如：

She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。

Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。

An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。

b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to 通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to 跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：

She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。

c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to 运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。例如：

Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。

介词

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。

（一）介词的句法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.

2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）

3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.

4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.

（二）主要介词区别

1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。

2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：We’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do aft er graduation?

注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.

4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.

5、表示“在……上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

6、表示“穿过……”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.

7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner 表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.

8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.

9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.

10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.

注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.

11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了……还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。

12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.

13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。

14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。

15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在……前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在……前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。

16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-介词连词

一、考点聚焦

1、介词的分类与语法功能

（1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如：

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather

forecast.

②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

（2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：

①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）

2、介词搭配

（1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意

义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用）

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、

from、into连用）

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词+ sb.’s + 部位，可换用）

strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用)

catch him by t he arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用）

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用）

⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)

⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用）

注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

look for（寻找）agree to sth. hear of(听说) call on(拜访)

look to (眺望) agree with sb. call for(需要)

look at（看） agree on sth. hear from(收到信) call in(请)

同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。

reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to 属于，search for搜……，ask … for … 寻找，use … for用作，leave for前往，take … for误以为，call of倡导，wait for等待，care for喜欢，make up for弥补损失，turn to求助（救）于，help oneself to随意，agree to同意，compare … to把……比作，send for派人去请（拿）……，sail for驶向，航向，set out for动身去，go in for爱好……。

（2）常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

afraid of担心…… angry about / at sth.

afraid

afraid for 替……而担心 angry with sb.

anxious for sth.渴望…… different from与……不同

anxious about sth. / sb担心…… different to … 不关心……

tired of讨厌 strict with sb.

tired from/ with因……疲倦 strict in sth.要求严格

good at擅长 popular with sb.受……欢迎

good for对……有益 popular in some place流行在……

good of sb. to do so友好popular for … 因……而流行

pleased with + 名词或what从句

pleased at + 抽象名词（听 / 看到……而高兴）

helpful to对……有帮助

known to sb.为人所知

known for因……而出名 be familiar with熟悉

known as作为……出名 be familiar to为……熟知（悉）

sorry for … 替……后悔 disappointed at sth.失望

rich in富有……

absent from缺席

absent in离开此地去了……

worthy of值得的，glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴，far from离……远，grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人，free from没有……（免除……），proud of(take pride in)自豪，satisfied with (by)满意，sure of / about确信，fond of喜欢，fit for适合，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事，full of充满，ready for准备，similar to相似，wrong with不对；有毛病……

（3）“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

the absence of water缺水

the hope of success成功的希望

have a chance of (for) entering college上大学的机会

take pride in them为他们感到骄傲

the key to the question问题的答案

a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药

the ticket for tomorrow明天的票

his abesence in Beijing去了北京

his abesence from Beijing不在北京

the way to study学习方法

the way of studying maths学习教学的方法

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

（1）表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，

如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜间）。

②in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion in discussing the problem

during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball

during the course of in digging the tunnel

（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning

on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on

Children’s Day

on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1

early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1)

on a rainy night, on warm winter days

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

（4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：

He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).

但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意

义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从……到……为止），但from morning till night （从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house （挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终)（from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能

糊口)，from bad to worse(越来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),

from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。

（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和……)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。

（5）in、after、later

①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

③after + 一段时间表示：“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点

时间，用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.

He received her letter after four weeks.

另外，in + 一段时间+ ’s + ti me 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下：

in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)

My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）

I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在……之内)

（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在……的平面上。如at the

door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：

Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外）

Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)

The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如：

They walked across the playground.

I walked through the forest.

⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在……之上”；under、below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：

A little boat is now under the bridge.

There is a bridge over the river.

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

The window is well above the tree.

⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

He walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地）

He walked towards the station.(动态，只表示方向)

He is kind to (towards)us.（两者通用）

He is at the station.(静态，表示地点)

They arrived at the station.(动态，表示地点)

He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”)

He stood away from the shop.(静态“远离”)

He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)

The city is on the Changjiang River.(静态“平面”)

Go off the road.偏离了道路（动态“离去”）

Come along the river.沿着河过来（线）

across the fields 跨过田野……，over the desert跨越沙漠

across the river横跨这条河……，over the hill翻过这座山

be in the house(静态，在这里……)stay out of the car(静态，在……外)

go into the house(动态，进入)fly out of the country(动态，离开)

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-介词连词

（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

③交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外：by means of 用……方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-

sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)

He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a

hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意) （8）表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除……以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.

②except除去，除……之外（不再有）。

We all went except John.我们都去了，约翰没有。

在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：

He has no other hats except / besides this one.

③except for除了……（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that + 句子意思相同。

He was very clever except for carelessness.

④except that … 除了……一点以外。

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.

⑤but与except

but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：

①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。

All but one are here.

Nobody but I likes making model ships.

②后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。

He has nothing to do but wait.（前有do,后省to）

③but与一些固定结构连用。

have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不……，but for … 如不是……

（9）between与among.

between通常指两者之间。也可以用于三者以上的两者之间。如：

Ann is between Tom and Bill.

Switzer land lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

They soon finished the work between themselves.(共同，合作)

She was busy between cooking, washing, sewing and looking after the baby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)

A horse can be seen between trees now.

among表示三者以上之间。如：

The story is said to have happened in a village among the hills.

He was happy to be among friends again.

We must agree among ourselves.(一起，共同)我们必须达成共识。

London is among the largest cities.( = one of与最高级连用)

（10）表原因的介词for、because of、due to。

He didn’t come to the meeting because of his illness.

The reason for his coming late is that he was ill.

He was praised for his bravery and courage.

The accident is due to your careless driving.

(11)不定式复合结构中的for、of。

这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for 或of加上人或事，作动词不定式逻辑主语的结构。

①It is clever of you to answer it like that.

②It is quite hard for me to explain why.

注意：两句中的of和for的使用，表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of,如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。

（12）兼作连词和副词的介词。

①after、since、till / still、before这些词既是介词，又是连词。

The children went home at once after school.

They went to bed after they had finished the job.

②in、on、along、down、up、after、before、along、beyond等介词可兼作副词。

He ran down the hill.（介词）

Can you lift that box down from the shelf for me ?(副词)

③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。

All the students got to school before me.(before为介词)

We do want to buy something now before prices go up.(连词)

Haven’t I seen you before?(befor e为副词)

（13）介词的省略。

①表示时间的介词on、at 、in的省略。在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略，也可以不省略。如（at）last weekend、（on）that day等。

②介词for表示时间的省略要求。（A）以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。如：I stayed with her all he morning.（B）表示一段时间的短语之前，for可以省略，也可以不省略。如：I have been waiting hereI (for) more than three hours.（C）否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如：I haven’t seen you for thirty years.(D)时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。如：For the whole morning,the old man kept reading.

③某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。

Nothing can prevent me(from)doing the job.

She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.

（14）某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

①要求接to的名词有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。

②要求接in 的名词有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。

He is expert in teaching small children.

(15)几个常用的并列连词。

①both … and, either … or, neither … nor

both … and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either … or与

neither … nor注意采取“就近原则”。

②not only … but also, as well as

注意：两者强调对象不同，not only … but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面

的部分。not only … but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

not only … but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。

Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.

（16）几个常用的从属连词。

①when、while、as都表示“当……时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：

When I go to the station, the train had already left.

He sang merrily as he was working.

②till、until均表示“到……时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到……才……”开始发生。如：

She didn’t get up until her mother came in.

注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。

③though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……”，although较正式，though最常用。如：

Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.

注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、

as though,而although则不能这样搭配。

④no sooner … than、hardly … when、as soon as三者都表示“一……就”，“刚刚……就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here I’ll tell her about it. Mary left as soon as the fini shed the work.(B)hardly … when、no sooner … than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

⑤某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first(s econd, third …)time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter),every(each,next, any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：

His mother died the spring he returned.

Call me up the minute he arrives.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.(NMET 2001)

A.from

B.in

C.of

D.at

解析：答案为C。本题考查句子结构中介词of的有法。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本句型为“there is little of …”,表示“……有很少”，what 修饰little提到了从句句首。注意正确把握句子结构和介词用法，要明白of my spare time和in my spare time的区别。

2. ____________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET 2000)

A.As

B.For

C.With

D.Through

解析：答案为C。本题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。“with + 名词 + 不定式/分词/名词/形容词/介词短语等”可在句中作伴随、时间、原因、条件等状语。本题中with的复合结构作伴随状语。

3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ___________they will save us money in the long run.（2000春季高考题）

A.or

B.since

C.for

D.but

解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。

4. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

A.on

B.up

C.above

D.by

解析：答案为A。不定式“to stand + 介词”作定语修饰a tall box,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词，只有加上吊尾介词，句子意思才完整。吊尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少，吊尾介词使用的场合有：

（1）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，不及物动词后要接介词，先行词被“动词 + 介词”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。

He is the man I just spoke to.

(2)what、whose、who、whatever等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句出现吊尾介词。

I can’t imagine what it is like.

(3) 强调句型，特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。

It was the poor boy that we gave the books to.

What for? Where to? Who with?

(4)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场合、工具、方式、材料”等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

a room to live in, a bench to sit on

There is nothing to worry about.

She is a good girl to work with.

(5)某些形容词后接不定式或“动词 + 介词”型短语，动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。

①fit、easy、hard、comfortable、difficult、heavy等形容词后。

②The river is good to swim in.

The box is too heavy to carry.

③be worth doing sth.,be worthy of being done / to be done, want/

require / need doing

英语介词的分类和应用

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高考英语语法专题：介词的分类和应用

英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃的提高。

英语介词分类:

按结构英语介词可分为3类：

1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across 等。

2．分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judg-ing，talking等。

3．成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from，because of，by means of等。

按意义英语介词可分为3类：

1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。

2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。

3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。

介词 -- 从不独立行动的精灵

英语介词不可单独使用，只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。

常用的五种介词短语

1.介词+名词：at the door, into the bag

2.介词+代词: for me, of others

3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that

4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do

5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式：on how to do this

其他类型的介词短语

6.介词+介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner

7.介词+副词：from below

8.介词+复合结构：with the light on

9.介词+不定式（but/except)：…did nothing but watch TV/ had no choice except to lie down to sleep 介词 -- 连接词与词的纽带

英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系

1. 时间

1）at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock

2）in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点： in 2004

in表示在某段时间的结束点：I’ll see you again in a week.

3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period

4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning

5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now

2. 地点

1）at表示在某处（而非它处）：at school

2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office

3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table

4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world

5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair

6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window

3. 原因

1）because of表示因为或以…为理由：because of my father

2) for表示动作或活动的目的、目标或意图：for sale

3) out of表示起源、来源或原因：out of duty

4. 方式

1）with表示以…方式：with skill

2）in表示以某种方式： in French, in cash， in this way

5. 方法

1) by表示方法、手段: by the back road, by bus, by working hard

2) on表示运送方式：on a train,on foot

3) in表示途径或材料： in oils

介词短语的词性:

1. 介词短语的词性--形容词

1) 常用于做定语的介词短语的介词

of: a child of six

with: a man with a suitcase

in: a girl in red

to: the key to the door

for: a war for money

about: an agreement about trade

2)常用于做表语的介词短语的介词

at: She was at a loss.

beyond；The road is beyond the hill.

in: He’s still in danger.

of: It’s of no value.

on: He is on guard.

out of: I’m out of job.

under: He’s under forty.

3) 用于做宾语补足语：

I saw George at work.

A cold kept him in bed for 7 days.

2. 介词短语的词性—副词

1）做状语，主要用于修饰谓语：

He has been here since Monday.

Bake it is for two hours.

2) 用于be+adj.结构：

She is afraid of snakes.

I’m sorry about that.

3) 修饰非谓语动词：

I asked to speak to the headmaster.

Thank you for doing this for me.

英语介词的分类和应用

介词--短语动词中的关键角色

含有介词的短语动词

1. v.+ prep.：agree with/to/on/in, answer for, ask for, come across, go after, live on, run into, head for, look for/after/at 等。

2. v.+ adv. + prep.:come up to, go in for, run out of, do away with, keep up with, make up for, put up with等。

并列连词

并列连词在句子中不做成分，仅表示前后关系。

1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分。

1)连接语词：slow but safe/ either this

week or next week

2)连接分句：I went and she also.

2.可分别表示下列关系。

1）转折：but, yet, however, neverthe-less

2) 因果：so, for, therefore

3) 选择：or, either…or, neither…nor

4）并列和递进：and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also)

关联词

关联词用于引导从句。

1.名词从句: He doesn’t know what she is.

2.副词从句：If he comes, I’ll give it to you.

3.形容词从句：He’s the best student I’ve ever taught.

连接词

关联词的类别及所表示的关系要特别注意关联词在从句中（及某些连接词在短语中）所担当的成分，这是正确使用关连词的关键。

1.连接词：引导名词从句，在从句中不做成分。

1) that（无含义）：

I said that he was wrong.

2) whether(if)（表示不确定性或选择关系）：

I don’t know whether it is correct.

2.连接代词

1)引导名词从句，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。

A. who/which 作主语（口语who中可做宾语,

但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）:

I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw

whom/which 做宾语:Ask him which he wants.

B. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语：

I wonder whose house that is.

C. what 做上面提及的各种成分:

I don’t know what I should do.

What can be done?

2）与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语。

We can’t decide whom to invite.

We must decide what to do.

I couldn’t decide which to choose.

3.连接副词引导名词从句或与不定式连用，在从句中做状语。

1) how: That’s how I look at it.

2) where: I don’t know where he lives.

3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.

4) why: I’ll tell you why you have to do it.

4.关系代词

1) who 表示人，在从句中做主语和表语（口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）:

The man who spoke is my teacher.

I don’t know who he is。

The man who I saw told me that.

2) whom 表示人，在从句中做宾语和表语：The man whom I saw told me that.

3) whose 表示“某人/物的”，of which表示“某物的”，在从句中做定语：

That’s the man whose son is my pupil.

The room whose window faces south is her bedroom.

The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom.

4) which 表示物，在从句中做主语和表语:

I like the picture which was taken

in front of the main building.

5) that 表示人/物，在从句中做主语和宾语; 注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法。

A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时：

This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.

B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时：

the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every.

This is the last chance that you have.

You are the only friend that I have.

He told me all that he knew.

C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时：

much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody.

There’s nothing in the world that can frighten him.

D. 以Who/Which开始的句子，其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that。

Who that knows him would trust him?

Which of these buses is the one that goes to London?

E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时：

The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.

6) 关系代词做介词宾语。

A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾，关系代词为that时，只可放在其所在的从句的句尾。

Is this the car for which you paid a high price?

Is this the car which you paid a high price for?

Is this the car that you paid a high price for?

Is this the car you paid a high price for?

B.介词during, except以及表示（从整体中）“分割”（出部分）的介词of等介词要放在关系代词的前面：

The years during which he was away

were long years to her.

He wrote many books, some of which

C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后，不可放在关系代词之前：

This is the book which he has been looking for.

7)关系代词的省略。

A.关系代词作宾语时：

The girl I work with is coming.

B.that在定语从句中做表语时：

He is not the man that he was when I saw him first.

He is not the man he was when I saw him first.

5.关系副词在定语从句中均做状语。

1）where 地点：

That’s one point where I’d like your advice.

2) when 时间：

At the time when I saw him, he was ill.

3) why 原因：

That is the reason why I came so early.

4) that 方式/时间/原因

I like the way that /in which he did it.

That was the first time (that) I sawhim.

The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain.

5)in which/at which = where

This is the school in which/at which/where he works.

6)for which = why

I don’t the reason for which he left.

7)on which = when

The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.

高考英语介词考点专项练习

1. This skirt is made ________ your mother ________ her own measure.

A. for; to

B. for; for

C. to; to

D. for; by

2. Instead of calling ________ his uncle, he called ________ my new house with his wife that day.

A. by; for

B. on; at

C. for; on

D. at; by

3. Kate’s little brother kicked the ball to the river; she took great trouble to get it ________ the river.

A. on

B. from

C. from on

D. over from

4. The pretty girl is known ________ the public ________ a little film star ________ her excellent performance in a film.

A. in; as; with

B. to; as; for

C. among; with; in

D. by; for; because of

5. It’s really hot ________ January in Harbin now. Bet ter take off your coat.

A. in

B. during

C. for

D. to

6. —They all agree ________ George. Has the project been passed?

—Who ________ George can make the final decision?

A. except; except

B. except; besides

C. but; but

D. besides; but

7. So far, several ships have been reported missing ________ the coast of Bermuda.

A. off

B. along

C. on

D. around

8. —I like coffee with nothing in it. What about you?

—I prefer coffee ________ sugar.

A. to

B. for

C. with

D. than

9. —I’m going to cut the big tree down? —What ________ ?

A. by

B. to

C. with

D. at

10. Britain has recently had a high level of unemployment—but the same is true ________ many other countries.

A. at

B. from

C. of

D. to

11. ________ her hair getting gray, she has decided to have it dyed.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Though

12. —These boxes are too heavy for me to move.

—Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.

A. for

B. to

C. with

D. by

13. —Do you have ________ difficulty working out the problem?

—Yes. It is ________ me.

A. no; easy for

B. some; within

C. any; within

D. any; beyond

14. Mr Black was driving fast to take his wife to a nearby hospital because their baby was ________.

A. on its way

B. in the way

C. by the way

D. out of the way

15. There is no greater love than ________ who devotes his whole life ________ mankind.

A. that of a man; to benefiting

B. a man; to benefiting

C. that of a man’s; benefits

D. a man’s love; in benefiting

16. —I wonder what’s on television this evening. Have you got a newspaper?

—Yes, ________ TV programmes are ________ the back page.

A. the; on

B. the; in

C. / ; in

D. / ; on

17. Most people in that area objected with little effect ________ a golf playground there.

A. to build

B. of building

C. to have built

D. to building

18. Food prices increased ________ 10% in less than a year.

A. for

B. to

C. by

D. at

19. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ________ particular care.

A. by

B. with

C. as

D. in

20. The study you have been making ________ the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job.

A. to

B. for

C. of

D. from

21. —Have you read the book War and Peace ________ Tolstoy?

—No. I’ve n ever heard of it.

A. for

B. by

C. with

D. to

22. ________ the rapid growth of short messages sent by mobile phones, the increasing number of criminal cases appeared through short messages.

A. For

B. By

C. As

D. With

23. Mr Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea ________ 2,000,000 dollars.

A. at

B. for

C. to

D. by

24. The customer bargained with the shopkeep?er for a long time, and finally they agreed ________ the price.

A. to

B. with

C. on

D. at

25. I am anxious about what notes he made in the back of his diary ________ things to mend or re?place.

A. by

B. in

C. with

D. of

26. I don’t think it’s fair to judge a person ________ their clothes.

A. in

B. from

C. with

D. on

27. Books are the most important records we keep ________ man’s thoughts, ideas and feelings.

A. up

B. of

C. for

D. on

28. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the developments and recorded every detail.

A. in

B. at

C. for

D. on

29. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ________ twenty years ago.

A. till

B. with

C. about

D. since

30. The woman sold the eggs ________ seven dollars and they were sold ________ half price.

A. with, at

B. for, at

C. at, in

D. by, on

答案与简析

1. A made to (one’s own) measure按(某人的)尺寸定做。

2. B call on sb. 拜访某人；call at a place去某地。

3. C get sth. from…从某物取得某物；on the river河上。

4. B be known to sb. 为某人所知；as作为；be known for因…而出名。

5. C for对…来说。若用in，则指哈尔滨一月的天气很热，不符合事实。

6. C who but…除了某人外，还有谁？

7. A off距离…不远处的海上。

8. C根据语境，句意为“我喜欢喝加糖的咖啡”，故用with。

9. C根据语境，是问“用”什么工具来cut the tree down。

10. C of在…方面(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/3513474346.html,)。

11. C with因为(=because of)。as和for虽然也可表示原因，但要接句子。

12. C give sb. a hand with sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。

13. D问“有没有”，用any；beyond sb. 指超出某人的能力范围，与too hard / impossible for sb. to do sth. 相当。另外，要注意：答案A是按中国人的思维方式设计的题目，千万不要上当；因为用yes回答，不管怎么问都是指“有”困难，这就与后文的easy for me相矛盾了。

14. A on one’s / the way意为“在路上、在来或去的过程中”，此处可理解为“快要出世了”。

15. A根据固定搭配devote…to…中的to是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词，排除C和D；再根据比较对象应当是love与love相比，所以只有A正确，that在句中替代love。

16. A指今晚要上演的那些节目，是特指的，所以第一空用the；表示“在”书报的某一页上，用on。

17. D固定搭配object to (反对) 中to是介词，后面要接动名词。

18. C因为表示“相差”的程度用by(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/3513474346.html,)。

19. B因为with用来表示方式、情况等，意为“…地”：with care小心谨慎地；with joy高兴地；with pleasure乐意地。

20. C因为make a study of是习语，意为“仔细研究”，句中you have been…characters是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句。

21. B因为表示由某某所写的作品用by。

22. D表示“随着…”，as是连词，后接句子with是介词，后接名词。

23. B因为表示以多少钱售出或买进用介词for。

24. C表示通过双方商议后对某事达成一致意见用agree on。

25. D因为take notes of是习语，意为“记录”。

26. B 因为表示“根据…判断 / 断定”是judge…from / by。

27. B 因为keep a record of是习语，意为“记录…”。

28. D 因为keep an eye on…是习语，意为“密切注视…”。

29. B 因为表示“和某人在一起”用with sb.。

30. B 因为以多少钱买卖用for；但与price连用，表示以某种价格买卖时，用at。