大学英语六级长难句解析100句

六级真题阅读长难句分析

1.

For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… turtles have struggled…。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before…为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites and marine biologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。

2.

The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered” — meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana…。to petition the government为不定式作prompted的状语，to upgrade the level of protection… 为不定式作petition的状语。they are in danger… help作meaning的宾语，相当于省略了引导词that的宾语从句。

【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。

3.

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indifferent… and… a report… showed… a… drop…。But表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service为介词短语作report的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。be indifferent to意为“对…无动于衷”。

a drop in指“在…方面下降”。

【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。

4.

The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being

squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… beach… are being squeezed。on which… eggs 为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由on one side… and on the other 结构连接的状语：by development和by the threat。of rising sea levels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。as the oceans warm为原因状语从句。

【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。

5.

It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为It turns out… that…。according to Griffin 为插入语。that while… in the ocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是the weeks。括号容进一步解释they spend on land，as相当于“作为…”。they spend in the ocean为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the years。

【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。

6.

Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we must… or…。or表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事”。that… dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是 a creature。leaving our… 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a… affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语m eet one’s end指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of为，指“出自…之手，由…完成”。

【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？

7.

But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为economists say families… can…。about to go into debt为families的后置定语，to fund four years为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying为介词短语作后置定语。that college… investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that… should yield huge dividends为定语从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlike many bank

stocks为插入语。

【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。

8.

A 2008 s tudy by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill” —or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned — decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 A 2008 study… notes…。by two Harvard economists作study的后置定语，说明study的发起者。that引导一个很长的宾语从句，作notes的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为the “labor-market premium to skill”，谓语有两个，由but连接，即decreased和has come back。for much of the 20th century和since the 1980s为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的容为插入语，解释说明“labor-market premium to skill”。在该插入语中，what引导宾语从句，作than的宾语，相当于the amount。

【译文】2008年哈佛大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出，“劳动力市场给技能的额外收益”——或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱——在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从20世纪80年代起，开始迅速回升。

9.

But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 a look… reveals…。that引导宾语从句，作reveals的宾语。about which college to attend为介词短语作choice的后置定语。which college to attend为宾语从句，作about的宾语。come down to 指“取决于…”。

【译文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化，就可以知道选择去哪所大学不仅仅取决于金钱了。

10.

No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product — like a car or clothes or a house. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为简单句，主架为buyers aren’t evaluating college… as… but rather as…。in this consumerist age为时间状语。破折号后的like a… house 解释说明consumer product。evaluate sth. as… 指“将某物评定为…”。

【译文】不，在这个消费年主义代，大多数买家不是把上大学看作投资，而是看作消费品——就像汽车、衣服和房子一样。

11.

As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为consumers… have vast choices,

and people search for the one。in today’s colle ge marketplace为介词短语作后置定语。that gives… satisfaction为定语从句，修饰的是the one。in line with their budgets为介词短语作状语。in line with指“与…一致，按照…”。

【译文】与买汽车一样，消费者在如今的大学市场有很多选择，人们会按照自己的预算寻找那些让他们感到最舒服最满意的。

12.

Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… students… have participated in the Body Project。Since 2001为时间状语。which… successful为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是the Body Project。by… understand为方式状语。how they… notion 为宾语从句，作understand的宾语。that you… successful为同位语从句，解释的是notion。buy into指“接受并受（某种思想、观点等）的影响”。

【译文】从2001年起，在美国已经有超过1000名高中和大学生参与了这项“身体计划”，这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那种“为了成功和幸福，你必须瘦”的思想的。

13.

Such lasting effects may be due to girls’ realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… effects may be due to…。girls’ realizing 为动名词作宾语。realizing后接了两个由并列结构not only… but also… 连接的宾语从句，分别是how they were being influenced和who was benefiting… to be thin。

【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的，还意识到了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。

14.

The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为The company did not have the money… and there was no… industry。to hire “experts”为动词不定式作目的状语。established athletic footwear为industry的前置定语。in North America为地点状语。from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field 为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的是North America。

【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣“专家”，而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业，无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的人。

15.

What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… demand… is growing so fast that…。What’s more为插入语。that… by 2050为结果状语从句，其中meeting it为现在分词短语作主语。

【译文】此外，发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快，要满足这些需求，需要在2050年之前每年增加3亿吨谷粮。

16.

The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The key will be…。to abandon… sustainability 为不定式作表语。w hich centre on the need… damage为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是measures of sustainability。

【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。

17.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为That is a… larger question… and it is one…。much修饰larger。than后接了两个由or连接的宾语从句：what should… workers和how best… border。that… groups为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语affects后跟两个由并列结构not only… but… 连接的宾语，分别是newcomers和groups。that have been here for generations 为定语从句，修饰的是groups。

【译文】这个问题，比“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策”、“怎样才能保证边境安全”之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的族群。

18.

In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. (2008年12月) 【分析】本句为简单句，主架为Italians, Romanians and members… became… Americans and contributed… to the building。of other so-called inferior races为介词短语作后置定语，修饰members。in ways too numerous to detail 为插入语。

【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族”的人成为了美国人中的典，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。

19.

But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we… ought to ask… questions…。But表转折。

as arguments… campaign trail为时间状语从句。about…, about…为介词短语作后置定语，修饰questions。how to ensure为宾语从句，作about的宾语。that people…shores为宾语从句，作ensure的宾语，在该从句中，once outsiders 为插入语。

【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。

20.

Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为development is applied to everything, and it h as become difficult to question…。from… to… 意为“从…到…”，from… to… growth修饰everything。as a result表示结果。either… or… 意为“或者…或者…”，either… or the way 作question的宾语。the concept is put to use是定语从句，先行词为way，在这里可以不用引导词。

【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。

21.

This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为This is especially true in agriculture。where 引导的非限定性定语从句sustainable… perspectives修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historical and cultural perspectives意为“从历史和文化的角度”。

【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。

22.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue.

【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue。Although引导让步状语从句。in terms of意为“在……方面”，in terms… attainment在句中作插入语。that引导的宾语从句作find的宾语。

【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华·泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。

23.

Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks — that large parts of the community may become mired