高中英语 定语从句教案

Book III. Module 5 之语法学习：定语从句

概念及引导词

用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。引导定语从句的有：关系代词that, which, who ,whom, whose, as; 关系副词when, where, how, why 等。关系代词或关系副词有双重作用：一方面起连词作用，连接从句与主句。另一方面它在从句中起一定的句法作用（关系代词可作主语和宾语，关系副词可作状语）。被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句放在其后。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一关系代词之一

1 指物的关系代词：that ; which

There is a film. I’d like to see the film. There is a film that I’d like to see.

The pen is quite good. I am using it. The pen which\that I am using is quite good.

The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

The letter that \which I received yesterday is from my sister

当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可省略。思考：以上三个例句，哪些引导词可省略？

(2）当堂训练：把下列每对句子连成一句，把第二个句子作为定语从句：

1) The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.

_________________________________________________.

2) The CD is on the desk. You want it .________________________________.

3) The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. _____________________________.

4) He came from a big family. The family is very poor.

______________________________________________________________.

5) Sandstorms are strong ,dry winds. The winds carry sand.

_______________________________________________________________.

6) Ren Jianbo described a sandstorm. He experienced a sandstorm as a child.

____________________________________________________________.

2．指人的关系代词：who(在从句中做主语)； whom(在从句中做宾语)；that (做主语或宾语)

The man is a policeman . The man is shaking hands with my father.

The man who\that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

The man who \that brought our textbooks here yesterday is in the next room.

That is my math teacher. I referred to the teacher yesterday.

That teacher( whom) I referred to yesterday is my math teacher.

Mrs Smith is a friend of mine . You met Mrs Smith last week.

Mrs Smith (whom) you met last week is a friend of mine.

(2) 当堂训练:把下列每对句子连成一句，把第二个句子作为定语从句：

1）The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.

___________________________________________________

2) The woman is a film star. You saw her in the park.

______________________________________________________

3) The girl is not here now. The girl told me the news.

_____________________________________________________

4) The boys are physics students. The boys live in this house

____________________________________________________

5) The man invented the first real clock. I thought of the man .

____________________________________________________.

6) Mozi was another teacher. He was very influential.

_____________________________________________.

3 关系代词whose : 指所有…的，指人或物，在从句中作定语。

Confucius is the philosopher. His influence has been the greatest.

Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.

This is the scientist. His name is known all over the country.

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.

Nobody wants the house. The house’s roof has fallen in.

Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in .

(2) 当堂训练：把下列每对句子连成一句，把第二个句子作为定语从句。

1）Here is the girl. Her brother works in the shop.

__________________________________________.

2) This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

___________________________________________________

3) I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn’t been handed in .

_________________________________________________________________

当堂检测：1：把下列每对句子连成一句，把第二个句子作为定语从句。

1．The power station generates half the province’s energy.

We visited the power station ___________________________________________.

2. The woman was an expert on Egyptian relics. We met the woman at the temple.

________________________________________________________________.

3 The temple was Abu Simbel. We visited the temple.

__________________________________________________.

4. The carvings are extremely ancient. We saw the carvings on the cliff.

_____________________________________________________.

5.Confucius is the philosopher. His influence has been the greatest.

_____________________________________________________________.

答案

1 指物的关系代词：当堂训练

1）The book which/that you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.

2) The CD which/that you want is on the desk.

3) The magazine which/that he has taken away is mine.

4) He came from a big family which/that is vey poor.

5) Sandstorms are strong dry winds which/that carry sand.

6) Ren Jianbo described a sandstorm which/that he experienced a sandstorm as a child.

2指人的关系代词

1)The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.

2) The woman whom you saw in the park is a film star.

3) The girl who told me the news is not here now.

4) The boys who live in this house are physics students.

5) The man who I thought of invented the first real clock.

6) Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.

3 关系代词whose

1) Here is the girl whose brother works in the shop.

2)This is the boy whose sister is famous singer.

3) I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn’t been handed in .

当堂检测

1The power station which we visted generates half the province’s energy.

2The woman whom we met at the temple was an expert on Egyptian relics.

3The temple which we visited the temple was Abu Simbel.

4.The carvings which we saw on the cliff are extremely ancient.

5.Confucius is the philopher whose influnence has been the greatest.

关系代词之二

一关系代词that 和which 用法区别：在以下情况中，只能用that ，不能用which

1 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one 等不定代词时There is nothing that I can do 没有我能做的事。

I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个。

Is there anything that I can do for you ? 能为你做点什么吗？

2. 先行词被all, any , every, no , some , little, much 等词修饰时

I have read all the books that you gave me . 我读了你给我的所有的书。

You may take home any of these books that you like.

你可以把这些书中任何你所喜欢的带回家。

We have little water that can be used. 我们几乎没有能用的水了。

3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is the first composition that he has written in English这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。.

This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的作好的小说。

It is the worst film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最糟糕的电影。

4. 先行词被the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时

The white flower is the only one that I really like.只有这朵白花是我真正喜欢的。

This is the very book that I want to find. 这正是我想找的那本书。

The last place that we visited was the hospital。我们最后参观的是医院。

5. 当先行词有两个或两个以上，既有人又有物时，定语从句用that 引导。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

他谈到了他参观到的学校和学校的老师。

二当堂训练；选出正确答案并标出关键词

1 There are lots of things ______ I need to do before I leave tonight.

A. that

B. who

C. why

D. what

2. The first thing _____ we should do is to send the child to school.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

3. The last book _____ I bought is lost.

A .what B. that C. which D. it

4. I have told you everything ______ I know.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which

5. They are living in the very room _______ I lived in last year.

A. it

B. what

C. that

D. which

三介词提前的定语从句（介词+关系代词+。。。）

1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可有：介词+ which\whom 引出。如：

1） Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .

Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.

2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.

The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week.

3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.

This is the teacher from whom I’ve learnt a lot.

4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.

The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.

5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.

The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.

6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.

The police man with whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.

四当堂检测

1 填空例如：This is the best film ________（今年放映过）

This is the best film that has been shown this year.

1)Here is the pen _______________________________.(你昨天丢失的)

2)He is the most careful boy ______________________.（我所知道的）

3)I have lost the watch ________________________________.（我父亲给我的）

4)Wheat is a plant _____________________________________.（中国北方种植的）

5)The teacher ________________________ (站在附近的)saw what happened.

6)The girl ______________________（告诉我消息的） is not here now.

2．在下列句子的第一个空填上介词，在第二个空填上whom; which.

1) The man _______ _______ I spoke just now is the manager I told you about.

2) The pencil _______ _________ he was writing broke.

3) Wu Dong, ______ _______ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4) The two things ______ _______ Marx was not sure were the grammer and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag ________ _________ she put all her books has not been found.

3 单选

1）. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. when

2.) The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which

3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. as

4) Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. when

5). Where is the man ____ I met this morning?

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. whom

6）. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

7） The man ____ around our school is from America.

A. which you showed

B. you showed him

C. you showed

D. where you showed

8） He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom

B. from whom

C. about that

D. who

9）In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where

B. who

C. in which

D. which

10） Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?

A. that

B. whom

C. when

D. whose

11）. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

A. that

B. which

C. whatever

D. all

12）. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A. most of them

B. most of that

C. most of whom

D. most of those 13）. This is the very letter ____came last night.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. as

14）. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where

B. /

C. when

D. what

15）. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

A. that

B. which

C. its

D. whose

16）. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.

A. whom

B. who

C. to whom

D. form whom

17）. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?

A. the one

B. where

C. in which

D. /

18）, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which

19）. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

A. it

B. which

C. that

D. he

20）. I live in the house ____ windows face south.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. in that

二当堂训练

1-5 ACBAC

四当堂检测

1填空

1）Here is the pen you lost yesterday.

2)He is the most careful boy whom I have ever known.

3)I have lost the watch which my father gave me .

4)Wheat is a plant which is grown in the north of China.

5)The teacher who stood nearbysaw what happened.

6)The girl who told me the news is not here now.

2填词

1）to whom 2) with which 3) with whom 4) of which 5) into which

3 单选

1-5 A B A C D 6-10 C C A D A 11-15 A C C B D 16-20 C D A B B

定语从句之关系副词

一关系副词引导的定语从句

1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day , hour, year 等）。在从句中做时间状语。

October1, 1949 was an important day .

The People’s Republic of China was founded on the day.

October1, 1949 was an important day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.

I will always remember the day . I got the first prize on the day .

I will always remember the day when I got the first prize .

2. where 表示地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area等）

This is the place. My mother was born in the place.

This is the place where my mother was born .

This is the room . I lived in the room last year.

This is the room where I lived last year.

This is the village. My father worked there 3years ago.

This is the village where my father worked 3years ago.

3 why 引导定语从句，在从句中表示原因，做原因状语。其先行词一般为reason.

I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴

The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。二当堂训练

1 用关系副词when, where 把下列每对句子连接成定语从句。

1）I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLAon that day.

_________________________________________________.

2) Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was born there.

_____________________________________________________.

3) The days are gone. During those days we used ‘foreign oil.”

___________________________________________.

4) The time finally arrived. They had to leave at that time.

_____________________________________________________.

5) Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the street?

______________________________________________________?

6) She often came to see me during those days . I was sick at that time.

__________________________________________________.

7) This is the chemical works. We often work there.

_________________________________________________________.

8) The bridge was built last year. This photo was taken there.

______________________________________________________________.

9) I will never forget those days . We worked together in those days.

_____________________________________________________________.

二如何判断关系代词与关系副词

1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year (stay 是不及物动词) This is the mountain village which I visited last year.(visit 是及物动词) This is the house which I bought last year.(buy是及物动词)

This is the house where I lived last year.(live 是不及物动词)

I will always remember the days when we worked together.(work 是不及物动词) I will always remember the days which we spent together. （spent 是及物动词）Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.

It was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

2. 当堂训练：填空

1. Is this museum _______ you visited a few days ago?

2. Is this museum _____ the exhibition was held.

3. It is the school _______ the film star studied when she was young .

4 It is the school ________ I hated when I was young.

5. It is an important day ______ I’ll never foget.

6. It is an important day ______I first gave a speech in public .

7. The hotel _____ they are staying is very expensive.

8 The hotel ______ they bought is very expensive.

三当堂检测

1 The house ______ we live is not large.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. what

2. The hotel _______ they are staying is very expensive.

A. of which

B. at that

C. that

D. at which

3. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. Where

B. which

C. what

D. why

4 Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting?

A. where

B.why

C. when

D. that

5. The hotel _______ your father is working is the most expensive in the city.

A. that

B. where

C. of which

D. \

6 The small town is just the one ______ the famous film star was born.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. \

答案

一定语从句之关系副词

当堂训练

1) I’ll never forget the day when I joined the PLA.

2) Last autumn my sister went to the town where she was born.

3) The days when we used “ foreign oil” are gone.

4) The time when they had to leave finally arrived.

5) Do you know the street where Li Fang lives?

6)She often came to see me during those days when I was sick .

7) This is the chemical works where we often work.

8) The bridge where this photo was taken was built last year.

9) I will never forget those days when we worked together .

二如何判断关系代词与关系副词

当堂训练

1which 2 where 3 where 4 which 5 which 6 when 7 where 8 which

当堂检测

1-6 B D A B B B

定语从句之非限制性定语从句

1定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号和主句分开。且不能用that 引导。如： 1） Mr zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s .

2.） We walked down the village street, where they were having market day .

3.） Football , which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

4 ）The person , to whom I was speaking , is my English teacher.

5 ）Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested

the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.

6）. The Empire Sate Building, which was the tallest building at the time was finished in May 1931.

2. 有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通常用逗号和主句分开。如；

1） He gave his mother a Tv for her birthday, which made her happy.

2) He is coming back to us, which means that he has been refused elsewhere. 3）Alice did’t get the job, which made her upset.

他要回到我们这儿了，这意味着他在别处遭到了拒绝。

3． as 引导的非限制性定语从句：

As 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定句型中，可置于主句前，也可置与主句后。

As has been said before 如之前所述

As may be imagined 正如想象的那样

As is well known 众所周知

As was expected 正如预料的那样

As has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样

As we all can see 正如我们看到的那样

As we know 众所周知

As is often the case 正如经常的情况那样

As I expected 就象我预料的一样

1 )As is known to all , Tom is a intellegent student.

2) As was expected , Shenzhou VII landed in Innermongolia.

3)As has been already pointed out , smoking is harmful to your health.

4) As we know, Taiwan belongs to China .

三当堂检测

1．把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1）. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night._____________________________________

2）The train was late. It was going to Nanning.____________________________________

3）The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago_________________________________.

4）. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.__________________________________________

5）Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.___________________________________

6）This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.____________________________________

7）Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.__________________________________

8） He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

_______________________________________________________

9）They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields. __________________________________________________________

10） The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

____________________________________________________

11）In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

________________________________________________________________

12） She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

______________________________________________________________

2选择填空：

1). The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.

A. when there were

B. which there were

C. that there were

D. where there were

2) They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

A. which

B. which time

C. during which time

D. during which

3). The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

4). Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.

A. when

B. that

C. at which

D. where

5). I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. when

6). He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

A. which

B. as

C. that

D. it

7) ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.

A. What

B. As

C. That

D. Which

8) The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

A. whose

B. that

C. whom

D. who

9) I have bought two pens, ____ write well.

A. none of which

B. neither of which

C. both of which

D. all of which

10) Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

A. why

B. which

C. for that

D. of which

11) He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

A. which

B. what

C. it

D. that

12). During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.

A. following

B. followed

C. to follow

D. that followed

13). ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.

A. It

B. Which

C. As

D. That

14) We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.

A. when

B. as

C. whose

D. what

15) You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.

A. when

B. as

C. whose

D. what

16) He is absent ， ____ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who

D. as

17) I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.

A. that, which

B. when, which

C. which, that

D. when, who

18) This is the only book ____ I can find. A. that B. which C. it

D. with which

19) I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

20) That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

答案

当堂检测

1填空

1） The play which we saw last night was wonderful.

2） The train which was going to Nanning was late.

3） The boy whp was here a minute ago is my brother.

4）. The tree which he climbing is quite tall.

5） Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.

6） This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.

7） Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class?

8） .He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 9）They passed a factory ,at the back of which there were rice fields.

10）The soldier ran to the building ,on the top of which flew a flag.

11）In the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 12） She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.

2 单选

1-5 D C C A C 6-10 A B C B A 11-15 A DC B B 16-20 D BA A B