2016下半年华师在线欧洲文化入门100分作业
2016下半年华师在线欧洲文化入门100分作业
Which one of the following statements was NOT a
factor that brought about the agricultural growth
during the Central Middle Ages?
A.The climate improved and the temperature was
higher.
B.More lands were under cultivated.
C.Farming technology improved greatly.
D.The food price dropped drastically.
您的答案：D
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
23．第30题
Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in
that it __.
A.really weakened the power of the church
B.spoke for the common people
C.really weakened the power of the king
D.spoke for the nobles
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
24．第31题
What were the three forms of vernacular
literature for town dwellers?
A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramas
B.fabliaux, fables and romance poetry
C.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetry
D.fabliaux, fables and dramas
您的答案：D
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
25．第38题
Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the
following ways except for____.
A.Both were concerned with the good of the
individual.
B.Both were idealistic in world view.
C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.
D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.
您的答案：B
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
26．第39题
Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion?
A.the well- organized Muslim ruling elite and a powerful Muslim army.
B.people’s dissatisfaction with imperial rule in some Middle East areas.
C.the tolerance of those cultures different from Islam
D.the influence of the strict monotheism of Islam
您的答案：D
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
27．第40题
Three of the following statements are true with Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?
A.He married his brother’s widow against Roman Catholic rules.
B.He married his brother’s widow with the Pope' s authorization.
C.He was eager to divorce the queen to end the poor marriage.
D.He was eager to have a new marriage to bring him a male heir.
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
28．第41题
Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?
A.Cycladic civilization
B.Helladic civilization
C.Hellenistic civilization
D.Minoan civilization
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
29．第43题
Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?
A.Doric
B.Ionic
C.Corinthian
https://www.360docs.net/doc/36451763.html,posite
您的答案：A
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
30．第44题
Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.
A.suppressed by the Romans
B.eliminated by the Romans
C.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans
D.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
31．第45题
Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?
A.People’s Assembly
B.People’s Court
C.Council of citizens
D.Council of nobles
您的答案：D
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
32．第46题
What is the Central Middle Ages also called?
A.“Age of Art”
B.“Age of History”
C.“Age of Faith”
D.“ Age of Science”
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
33．第47题
Luther called on the German princes to reject the foreign pope’s authority and establish a reformed German church in _____________.
A.The Liberty of the Christian Man
B.Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
C.The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
D.the Ninety-Five Theses
您的答案：B
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
34．第48题
All land in Sumer belonged to _____.
A.the kings
B.gods
C.the nobles
D.free farmers
您的答案：B
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
35．第49题
Three of the following statements are true with the Jesuits. Which one is the exception?
A.They were highly respected for their learning and the purity of their lives.
B.They became the principal university teachers in all European countries.
C.They helped to stop the spread of Lutheranism into south Germany.
D.They helped to spread Catholicism to the countries beyond Europe.
您的答案：B
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
36．第56题
Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?
A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.
B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.
C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.
D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.
您的答案：C
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
37．第57题
Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?
A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.
B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but it also contained many other subjects.
C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.
D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.
您的答案：D
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
38．第58题
In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.
A.the influence from the Germanic and Romance
vernacular languages.
B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central power
C.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.
D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment
您的答案：C
题目分数：4.0
此题得分：4.0
39．第59题
Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?
A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.
B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.
C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.
D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.
您的答案：D
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
40．第60题
During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following living creatures, EXCEPT
A.cats
B.rats
C.snakes
D.dogs
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
41．第20题
Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：1.0
42．第21题
During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
43．第22题
According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
44．第23题
That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
45．第24题
The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
46．第25题
The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
47．第26题
All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.
您的答案：错误
此题得分：2.0
48．第32题
The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
49．第33题
Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
50．第34题
The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
51．第35题
At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
52．第36题
In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
53．第37题
It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge
for religious reform.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
54．第42题
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
55．第50题
The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ages was destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
56．第51题
After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
57．第52题
To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
58．第53题
The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and decline.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
59．第54题
Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.
您的答案：正确
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
60．第55题
The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.
您的答案：错误
题目分数：2.0
此题得分：2.0
作业总得分：100.0
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记 1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture. 2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 第一章 1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. 2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour. 3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会) 4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‘s epics was created by Homer. 5、The events of Homer‘s own time. (错) (They are not about events of Homer‘s own time，probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.) 6、The Homer‘s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. 7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad. 8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey. 9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‘s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。In the 20th century. 10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C. 11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus 《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》 ②Sophocles(之首) 《Oedipus the King》—→Freud‘s “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) —→David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页 ③Euripides A.《Trojan Women》 B. He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物 C. Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人) D. Realism can be traced back (追溯到) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具体来说)，Euripides. 12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页 Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers )华兹华兹 13、History (Historical writing)史学创作新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游
完整版欧洲文化入门参考资料
欧洲文化入门参考资料 这是一本中国大学生了解欧洲文化的英语教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。 《欧洲文化入门》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 1、课程英文名称：European Culture: An Introduction 2、课程类别：专业限选课程 3、课程学时：32学时 4、学分：2 5、先修课程：《高级英语》、《英国文学选读》、《美国文学选读》 6、适用专业：英语 7、大纲执笔：英语专业教研室 8、大纲审批：外语系学术委员会 9、制定(修订)时间：2005 二、课程的目的与任务： 本课程为专业选修课程，旨在通过该课程的学习，学生比较系统地学习有关欧洲文化的基本知识，以提高学生的文化知识和文化修养，并为以后开专业课提供大量重要的背景文化知识，从而更好地了解和学习英语，提高文学欣赏水平。 三、课程的基本要求： 本教学大纲对象是高等院校英语专业高年级学生，全部用英语授课。 了解欧洲文化对英语发展的影响和欧洲文化发展的脉络； 了解来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等； 了解欧洲各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物； 将欧洲文化与同时期的中国文化进行比较； 学生应准备一些工具书、参考书、选本、译本。 四、教学内容、要求及学时分配： 希腊、罗马文化 基督教及其《圣经》 中世纪 文艺复兴与宗教改革 十七世纪 启蒙运动 浪漫主义 马克思主义与达尔文学说 现实主义 现代主义及其它 五、考试考核办法：笔试 六、教材及参考书：
最新欧洲文化入门复习资料
Part I Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. ****** 1 ****** 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West. A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke
对欧洲文化的认识
对欧洲文化的认识 2012-8-14 14:20:02 来源：中国社会科学院欧洲研究所 时间：2011年10月13日 江时学：感谢各位在百忙中参加我们所网站主办的讨论会。网站搞这个活动的目的是想活跃我们的学术空气和丰富网站的内容。十七届六中全会的主题是如何推动中国文化大发展和大繁荣。作为研究欧洲文化的科研人员，我们有义务搞清楚欧洲文化是怎么回事？首先，我们来回答这样一个看起来十分简单的问题：什么是文化? 在座的各位都知道，文化是一个无所不在、妇孺皆知的词。我在 （A. L.Kroeber A?克鲁伯和C?克拉克霍恩撰写的《评文化的概念和定义》 （1952年） and C. Kluckhohn: Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, Cambridge, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol., XLVII - No. 1, 1952, pp. 41-79. ）一书中看到，1871～1951年期间出现了164种关于文化的定义。我还在I?贾米森撰写的《资本主义与文化：英、美制造业企业的比较分析》(1980年）（Ian Jamieson:Capitalism and Culture: A Comparative Analysis of British and American Manufacturing Organizations, Gower, 1980, p. 9. ）一书中看到，被人类学家、社会学家、心理学家和其他领域的学者使用的定义，也有160种之多。你们在研究欧洲文化时，究竟是如何定义文化的？ 邝杨：文化的概念应从两个角度看。从一般的学科角度看，特别是社会学，文化主要体现为价值观、规范、认同以及符号体系。从历史的角度看，应特别注意到文化是一个被使用的概念，含义有变化。从英语词源学上看，文化起初有“培育、培养”之意，后来，在浪漫主义时期，又着重指精神层面的发展，再到后来，文化概念又包含了传统、生活方式的含义。因此，文化概念从历史角度来说不
欧洲文化入门复习资料
1、Two major elements in European culture：the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 2、The Homer epics consists of the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece，led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and Odysseus on the Greek. In the final battle，Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. 3、古希腊三大悲剧家：Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides Works of Aeschylus：Prometheus Bound，Persians，and Agamemnon .There are only two actors and one chorus in these plays. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry.Works of Sophocles：Oedipus the King，Electra，and Antigone （theme：the difficult choice between public duty and private feeling）. He has had a great impact on European culture. The Oedipus complex（恋母情结）、Electra（恋父情结）were derived from his plays Work of Euripides：Andromache，Medea，and Trojan Women. He was more of a realist than other two. His characters are less heroic，more like ordinary people. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” 4.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”，wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians . His history is full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue. 5.Thucydides is more accurate as an historian. He told about the war between Athens and Syracuse ，a Greek state on the island of Sicily. He traced events to their causes and brought out their effects. Macaulay called Thucydides “the greatest historian that ever lived” 6.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. He was t he founder of scientific mathematics. 7.Heracleitus believed fire to be the primary element of the universe，out of which everything else had arisen. To him,“all is flux，nothing is stationary”. He alsosaid，“you cannot step twice into the same river；for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you. The sun is new everyday”he held the theory of the mingling of opposites and believed that it was the strife between the opposites that produced harmony. 8.Democtitus speculated about the atomic structure of matter. Indeed，he was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory. He was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and Marx`s first published work was a study of Democritus. 9Socrates taught Plato，who taught Aristotle. They were active in Athens in the 5th and the 4th century B.C. Socrates was known through Dialogues by Plato. Socrates liked to talk with people in the marketplace and in the streets ，asking and answering questions. He was ready to discuss anything in heaven and earth，specializing in exposing fallacies. When words like justice ，religiousness，virtue，wisdom，ect. Were used by others，he would ask the speaker to explain them and then dissect the answers to show how they were wrong and or illogical. This method of argument，by questioning and answering，has come to be known as the dialectical method. Plato showed himself a brilliant stylist，writing with wit and grace. His Dialogues are important not only as philosophical writing but also as imaginative literature. His other works: Apology（Socrates` defense of himself at the trial），Symposium （about beauty and love），and the Republic（about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets） Plato built up a comprehensive system of philosophy. It dealt with the problems of how，in the complex，ever —changing the world，men were to attain knowledge. The reply he gave was：men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas”，like beauty，truth，goodness. Only these ideas are completely real，while the physical world is only relatively real. For this reason，Plato`s philosophy is called Idealism. Many of his ideas were absorbed into Christian thought Aristotle studied in Plato`s Academy for years. Later he became the tutor of Alexander the Macedonian King. In him the great humanist and the great man of science meet. On logic, moral philosophy，politics，metaphysics（形而上学），psychology，physics，zoology，poetry，rhetoric，he wrote epoch-making works，which dominated Europe thought for more than a thousand years. He did much to form，through his various and diverse interpreters，the philosophical，scientific and cosmological outlook of an entire world. Dante called him “the master of those who know” His works：Ethics（an introduction to moral philosophy），Politics，Poetics（a treatise on literary theory），and Rhetoric （dealing with the art of persuading an audience） Aristotle differed from his teacher in following ways：for one thing，Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato`s reliance on subjective thinking；also，he thought that “form”（idea）and matter together made up concrete individual realities. Here ，he differed from Plato who held that ideas had a higher reality than the physical world Aristotle thought happiness that could only be achieved by leading a life of reason，goodness and contemplation should be a man`s aim in life. 10.contending schools of thought:百家争鸣 The Cynics：got their name because Diogenes，one of their leaders，decided to live like a dog and the word “cynic”means“dog”in Greek. He rejected all conventions—whether of religion，of manner，dress，housing，food，or of decency. In fact，he lived by begging. He proclaimed his brotherhood，not only with the whole human race，but also with animals. On the other hand，he had no patience with the rich and the powerful The Sceptics （诡辩学家）followed Pyrrhon，who held that not all knowledge was attainable. Hence he and his followers doubted t the truth of what others accepted as true. The Epicureans were disciples of Epicurus，who believed pleasure to be the highest good in life，but by pleasure he meant，not sensual enjoyment，but freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. This he thought could be attained by the practice of virtue. His teaching wa s misunderstood by later people and the word“Epicurean”has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living. Epicurus was a materialist. Opposed to the Epicureans were the Stoics. To them，the most important thing in life was not pleasure，but duty. This developed into the theory that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage. The chief Stoic was Zeno. He was also a materialist，asserting the existence of the real world. He believed that there is no such thing as chance，and that the course of nature is rigidly determined by natural laws. In the life of an individual man，virtue is the solo good；such things as health，happiness，possessions，are of no account. Since virtue resides in the will，everything good or bad in a man`s life depends only upon himself. If he has to die, he should die nobly，like Socrates. Greek architecture three styles：a.the Doric style （masculine style. powerful, sturdy, showing a good sense of propotion）, the Ionic style(feminine style), the Corinthian style(oranmental luxury) There famous temples: the Acropplis at Athens, the Parthenon. The impact of Greek culture: a,The Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other Eruropean countries.b. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and phylosophy. Their spirt of innovation had immence influence in later generations c. The Greek is the birthland of the democracy. d.They set a great example of thinking rationally and logically. e. In literature, they have exerted an influence which can be still felt today. Epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, lyric poetry, historical writing f.architecture, sculpture. Romans and Greeks异同：Common:a. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of cittizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. b. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified-Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on-and their myth to be fused. c.Their languages worked in similar ways, and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Banglandesh to Iceland. 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The Colosseum:斗兽场It is an enormous amphitheatre built in the centre of Rome in imperial times. It held more than 5000 spectatots. The relationship between Judaism and Christianity: They are closely related. the Jewish tradition gave birth to Christianity. Both originated in Palestine-the
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