西施咏翻译、解析

西施咏翻译、解析
西施咏翻译、解析

西施咏

唐代:王维

艳色天下重,西施宁久微。

朝为越溪女,暮作吴宫妃。

贱日岂殊众,贵来方悟稀。

邀人傅香粉,不自著罗衣。

君宠益娇态,君怜无是非。

当时浣纱伴,莫得同车归。

持谢邻家子,效颦安可希。

译文

艳丽的姿色向来为天下器重,美丽的西施怎么能久处低微?

原先她是越溪的一个浣纱女,后来却成了吴王宫里的爱妃。

平贱时难道有什么与众不同?显贵了才惊悟她丽质天下稀。

曾有多少宫女为她搽脂敷粉,她从来也不用自己穿著罗衣。

君王宠幸她的姿态更加娇媚,君王怜爱从不计较她的是非。

昔日一起在越溪浣纱的女伴,再不能与她同车去来同车归。

奉告那盲目效颦的邻人东施,光学皱眉而想取宠并非容易!

注释

西施:吴越春秋:越得苎萝山鬻薪之女,曰西施,郑旦,饰以罗谷,教以容步,三年学成而献于吴。

傅香粉:即搽脂敷粉。香:一作“脂”。

浣纱:环宇记:会稽县东有西施浣纱石。水经注:浣纱溪在荆州,为夷陵州西北,秋冬之月,水色净丽。

持谢:奉告。

效颦:庄子:西施病心而颦,其里之丑人见而美之,归亦捧心而效其颦,富人见之,闭门而不出,贫人见之,挈妻子而去之,彼知美颦而不知颦之所以美。按:颦古作膑。

安可希:怎能希望别人的赏识。

创作背景

《西施咏》作于天宝时期。王维所处的盛唐时代,在繁华的外衣下隐藏着政治危机:奸邪小人把持朝廷大权,纨绔子弟凭着裙带关系飞黄腾达,;才俊之士却屈居下层,无人赏识。而“读书三十年”的儒生,却“腰下无尺组”,“一生自穷苦”。

赏析

诗人所处的盛唐时代,在繁华的外衣下隐藏着政治危机:奸邪小人把持朝廷大权,纨绔子弟凭着裙带关系飞黄腾达,甚至连一些斗鸡走狗之徒也得到了君王的恩宠,身价倍增,飞扬跋扈;才俊之士却屈居下层,无人赏识。而“读书三十年”的儒生,却“腰下无尺组”,“一生自穷苦”。

王维以这首诗来借咏西施,以喻为人。《西施咏》取材于历史人物,借古讽今。诗人借西施“朝贱夕贵”,而浣纱同伴中仅她一人命运发生改变的经历,悲叹世态炎凉,抒发怀才不遇的不平与感慨;借世人只见显贵时的西施之美,表达对势利小人的嘲讽;借“朝为越溪女”的西施“暮作吴宫妃”后的骄纵,讥讽那些由于偶然机遇受到恩宠就趾高气扬、不可一世的人;借效颦的东施,劝告世人不要为了博取别人赏识而故作姿态,弄巧成拙。

诗的开首四句,写西施有艳丽的姿色,终不能久处低微。次六句写西施一旦得到君王宠爱,就身价百倍。末了四句写姿色太差者,想效颦西施是不自量力。语虽浅显,寓意深刻。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁集》中说:“写尽炎凉人眼界,不为题缚,乃臻斯诣。”这种评价是很中肯的。

鉴赏

此诗通过借咏西施而抒发现世感愤不平的讽刺诗,语意深微,很有普遍性。诗人通过西施的故事来发表诗人对人生的一点体会。即“贱日岂殊众,贵来方悟稀”的现象。这一现象有两种情况:一是一般人难于辨别好歹,一旦美好事物被发现后,大家才吃惊地感叹艳羡;二是某些人与事物本来也平常无奇,一旦被评为上品或提拔成高官贵妇后,大家就刮目相看,敬佩不已。

春秋时越国诸暨芋萝山的美女西施,被越王勾践选送给吴王夫差,成为吴宫邀幸擅宠、娇怜命贵的艳妃,左右了吴王,支配了吴国。当然,西施这样做是有她的政治目的,但王维的本诗并不是取材她的政治图谋,而是用她入官后艳色凌人,写令人感到厌恶的恃宠擅权的官场世态。

开始两句从通常世态的角度提出了一个很有概括性的问题:“艳色天下重,西施宁久微?”是说:天下入好德者少,重色者多,有这种社会习俗,象西施那样的人物,安能长久地处于微贱之地?因此生活中象西施这样的人物,会有被尊贵的一天,只是时机之遇的早晚。这两句是对取人不重德能的当政者的讥讽,并同时表明,那些得势者一朝之内便娇骄得判若两人,根源还在于重色者。

三四句“朝为越溪女,暮作吴宫妃”,是前两句中的有“重”而不“微"的一个突出的事实证明。一个越国的山村中的普通女子,一朝之间身价十倍,原因就是因为遇到了重艳色的人;重色

人有多大权力,有色者就有多么贵重,如此的逻辑适合于说明历史上的一切权臣和宠姬。王维就是借宠姬而抨击权臣的,鄙视权臣并不是以自身的德能显出贵重的意义,而是借“重”而“贵”的,王维提醒当权的不要忘乎所以,用意是很尖刻的。

从第五句“贱日岂殊重”开始,到“莫得同车归”,连续八句,是对“西施”的讥刺,针对性是世俗心理和那些得宠后便殊众自贵、颐指气使的娇骄者。在王维看来,有一种社会性的心理惰性,就是一个美的事物,被埋没的时候谁也看不出它的“殊众”之处,而一旦被人发现了之后,它就成了世上稀有的宝贝。诗人认为西施就是这种心理的一个代表对象。诗人好象要问一问西施:“当年你在苎萝村溪边浣纱时,你意识到你自己是那么天下少有吗?比所有的浣纱姑娘都美吗?可为什么一进吴官,成为贵人,便感到自己成了稀世之珍呢?”对于自贵自稀的人,王维最鄙夷那种“君宠益娇态,君怜无是非”的得幸者,得幸者愈宠愈娇,借高权保护,唯己为是,非己为非,以致到了无有是非的程度。王维在仕途里不乏坎坷,接触了不少炙手可热的权臣,诗人很憎恶这种人,此刻诗人指着西施,一点也不客气地针砭了这些小人。诗中主要不是评价历史上的西施。

诗的最后两句:“持谢邻家子,效颦安可希?”这是归结性的道德评价。这里包含的意义是很复杂的。在时间上,诗人回到了西施的时代,找到了那个被人传为笑柄的东施,向东施致语。向西施效颦学不到真西施的样子,又告诉她:这样的西施怎么可能学得了,况且她“君宠益娇态,君怜无是非",再不屑与当年浣纱伴为伍了,没有什么可效之处。王维的话当时的人是听得见的,诗人的真正的“邻家子”乃是现世人,不可效的是那些“君宠益娇态,君怜无是非”的衮衮诸公。

世间确实有某些品质才能很好的人,周围的人却不理解而以常人待之,待际遇一到,被入发现后,周围的人又要群起而效法。效法者有不理解其所以然,只一味学习其所然;不免便成了效颦的东施。

王维

王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。

【2017.6】大学英语六级翻译真题解析【第三套】

【2017.6】大学英语六级翻译真题解析【第三套】 新东方在线四六级 北京新东方罗宇 大家好,我是新东方的翻译老师罗宇,现在分析2017年6月的第三篇翻译,文章关于明朝历史,一共有七句话185个字,没有任何的英文提示词。 第一句话先描述它的时间,然后是“被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一”,这里“最伟大的时代之一”可以译为one of the greatest times。“这一时期手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化”,手工业是handicraft industry,市场经济是market economy。“大量商品包括酒和丝绸”,这里考丝绸是因为现在提出一带一路,我们要学会丝绸之路的相关表达。丝绸是silk,这个词第一次翻译的时候可能会翻译成Chinese clothes/clothing,中国的衣服或者中国的布料。“还进口许多外国商品,如时钟和烟草,北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。”要注意这样的地名或者人名,包括组织结构的名字,我们最容易写错,注意地名翻译时把拼音连在一块写,首字母大写。“也是在明代,由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明朝。”文学是literature,经典名著是classic masterpiece。 下面说一下六级翻译今年到底译什么,到底用什么样的技巧译,我们今后备考翻译的时候,应该注意哪些考点和重点信息。 第一个就是词汇的解释和替换,我们做六级翻译的要做到灵活的替换和解释词汇。因为很多同学拿到六级翻译的时候,或多或少遇到一些生僻单词和疑难词汇,我们要学会用同义词替换。比如纸币banknote,选拔任用recruit,娱乐场所是entertainment quarters。quarter 这个词,意思有美分、一刻钟、25%(四分之一)、地点场所。例如一些大型公司分总部和分布两个体系,总部英文缩写是HQ(Head Quarter),纸币可直接翻译成paper money。选拔任用可以不用翻译成recruit,选拔就是选择挑选的意思,select就行。娱乐场所可以翻译成places for people to have fun。

英语四级翻译历年真题 强迫症整理版

07年6月 87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) . 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话). 答案: 87. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07年12月 87 __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了). 89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时). 91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 答案: 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow 08年6月 87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.______(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill 答案

英语四级翻译真题及答案

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