英语阅读理解常见错误选项特征

英语阅读理解常见错误选项特征
英语阅读理解常见错误选项特征

英语阅读理解常见错误选项特征

又到了一年考研复习最繁忙的时候了,无数学员咨询我究竟该用什么辅导教材比较合适,这个问题既好回答,又难回答,都是因为考研英语的辅导材料在市面上五花八门,种类繁多。但以笔者教授多年考研英语的经验,以及无数学员高分和过线的事实积累来看,真题无疑是最权威,甚至从某个角度来说,是唯一的参考材料。在没有将真题研究透彻的情况下,去做所谓的模拟题,是没有任何效果,甚至南辕北辙的。所以,将考研英语的真题仔细的研究,就变成了复习考研英语的至关重要的环节。

由于广大学员在复习时,自身经验和能力存在相应差距,不能“完美”的破译真题,笔者现将多年授课中核心精华知识点、考点加以整理,形成文字,以期能助广大学员在考研复习时如虎添翼!

系列(一)

阅读理解常见错误选项特征

“错误选项”一定是大家最为痛恨的四个字。让无数的学员一次又一次为之拜倒。但是在大家狂骂错误选项无耻和出题人刁钻的时候,是不是忽视了一个很重要的问题就是:错误选项其实也是有必然的错的规律的,考研英语考了几十年,每年十五个错误选项,其实,出题人不论换过多少人,从测试学的角度来看,能够用来出错误选项的“花招”早就“黔驴技穷”了,因此如果我们把错误选项的命制规律深刻的研究了,就不会再怨天尤人了。

(一)与原文冲突

选项与原文表述内容不一致,是错误选项最常见的错误方式,但是若是把原文做最细微的改动,许多同学就很难发现,而这些细微的改动主要就是一些核心动词和形容词,希望大家引起重视。

00年#1(A)

(A)it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.

与文章首句A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap ,but ,if properly handled,it may become a driving force.相反。

06年#39(C)

(C)misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.

原文最后一段提到:Today ,surrounded by promises of easy happiness,we need art to tell us ,as religion once did,Memento mori:remember that you will die,that everything ends,and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.

显然两处阴影处是冲突的。

07年#24(C)

(C)the role of talent tends to be overlooked.

与原文最后一段:Their work makes a rather startling assertion :the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.冲突。

(二)包含无关内容

原文是我们做出正确答案的唯一依据,正确选项的设置方式也常表现为将原文同义改写。错误选项也正是利用了这个特征,在改写的同时,添加了一些原文并未出现的内容,使得选项具备强干扰性。

00年#1(D)

(D)the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

00年#2(C)

(C)machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions.

00年#3(C)

(C)The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

02年#48(B)

(B)interact with human beings verbally.

上述选项标注部分都是添加了原文当中没有出现过的内容,而且也不是原文相应内容的统一改写。

(三)答非所问+照抄原文

这类错误选项是考生常见,也是常犯错误的设置方式。具体表现为将原文当中出现的原话,但是不能回答题干的内容设置出来以迷惑考生。对于那些僵化的理解“正确选项为原文的同意改写”的同学,极具杀伤力!

02年#48(A)

(A)fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.

原文第二段最后一句话为:…。there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy…。尽管此选项与原文内容一致,但并不能回答题目所提出的问题(According to the text ,what is beyond man…s ability now is to design a robot that can__问题是想问一个超出机器人能力范围的内容。),所以仍旧为错误选项。

03年#41(A)(C)

(A)receive support from fans like Donovan

(C)restored many common pastimes

这两个选项虽然也是原文第一段提到过的原话,但是并不是题目所提问的目的,在之前的篇章讲过,所有的题目,话题都要和主题相关都是为主题服务的。这篇文章的主题为“网路间谍”。因此,正确选项一定要选和主题相关的“(B)remolded the intelligence services”

03年#56(B)

(B)Americas enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

此选项也是文章第一段原话“Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.”的改写。但是还是之前讲过的逻辑思路,所有的题目都要为主题服务,不能就着原话本身的含义来选。本文主题是对美国的医疗过度投资的负评价,因此全文第一句话的目的一定是为此主题服务的,因此(C)Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.是必然正确的,因为over-confident是明显的负评价词。

06年#24 (A)(C)

(A)To prove their popularity around the world.

(C)To give examples of successful immigrants.

这两个选项尽管都属于文章所传递的信息,但是并不能回答提名的问题,题目是典型的举例证明题(why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph2?),题目就是要我们选一个能够说明主题的选项,即,同化文化的成功影响力!因此选择(B)

(四)错误比较

经过对于真题的研究发现,比较级的内容在文章当中出现,经常作为考点,而到了选项当中出现,却常作为强干扰选项,主要表现为:添加了原文没有的比较内容;与原文比较的内容或方向不一致。因此在选择当中的比较级,大家要特别关注。

00年#1(B)

(B)its domestic market was eight times lager than before.

原文:When United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.

两处比较级显然不一致。

01年#55(A)

(A)getting worse because of the Internet.文章当中无此比较内容。

05年#30(D)

(D)both of them have turned form bad to worse.文章当中没有此比较级。

06年#32(D)

(D)the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.

原文:第二段最后两句:According to their latest paper published in Nature ,the biomass of large predators. In a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas ,it has halved again since then.

这两句话只是比较了下降数量多少,而不是如(D)中所表述的“快慢”

06年#36(A)

(A)poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.原文当中无此比较。

(五)修饰词程度不匹配

为何有些错误选项历年的考生都会去选择?表明这种选项一定是强干扰项,如何设计一个强干扰项?就是让它离正确选项最近,改动最小!因此,最常见的方式就是在中心词前面的修饰词做文章,请广大学员一定注意此类选项,具体设置方式通常为:“名词前的动词;动词,形容词前的副词程度与原文不一致”

01年#56(C)

(C)can soon wipe out world poverty (原文当中没有此修饰词)

02年#56(C)

(C)the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide (原文当中没有此修饰词)

03年#53(B)

(B)there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide (原文当中没有此修饰词)

08年#37(A)

(A)DNA technology has been widely applied to history research. (原文当中没有此修饰词)

(六)移花接木

所谓“移花接木”即是把文章出现的两处没有任何关系的内容连接到一起,形成一个看上去很像原文内容的选项,这种选项错误很隐蔽,尤其是对于那些本身就靠“朦胧法”做题的考生来说,是很具有干扰性的。

01年#65(B)

(B)WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs.

文章当中有两处提到上述内容,但是并不是一句话内,而是分开的不同内容提到的。第一处第四段首句Examples of be benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.第二处为该段The mergers of telecom companies,such as WorldCom,hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.这两句话没有任何的关系,选择仅仅是把两句话提到的内容安排到了一起。

05年#25(D)

(D)Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

原文第四段为:In the wild,they are a cooperative,group-living species. such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.

选项显然是将两处内容连接到了一起的。

01年#55(D)

(D)consider positive today.

原文第一段最后为:What was less visible then,however,were the new ,positive forces that work against the digital divide.也就是答案将原文当中没有出现在一起的,Digital divide;positive forces连在一起了。

(七)非直接等价

所谓非直接等价就是将并不是因果关系的两个原文出现的内容连接到了一起,造成都是原文内容的假象,但原文当中并没有类似因果关系。

05年#33(B)

(B)develop into happy dreams.

原文当中是第三段有类似表述:Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

也就是说原文意思是negative feelings在睡眠早期变成bad dreams,bad dreams演变成happier ones.若选(B)会演变成negative feelings generated during the day tend to develop into happy dreams.显然与原文不符。

07年#39(D)

(D)appreciate the economic value of trust.

原文第四段surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust,that most valuable of economic asset,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.

(D)选项并不是提干所提问的(According to Paragraph 4 what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to)内容,而只是原文中that的定语成分。不构成因果关系,所以不能选。

(八)时态变化

广大学员看到考研没有了专门的语法题,确实高兴了一阵,但是语法这个项目,尤其是时态的变化,会在阅读当中得到考察,因此关注选项的时态是否与原文一致,就成为我们分辨错误选项的一个重要的突破点。具体范例如下:

00年#2(B)

(B)semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises.

原文第二段最后一句原话为:For a while it looked as though(看上去好像)the making of semiconductors ,which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age ,was going to(将要成为)be he next casualty.答案与原文时态显然不符合。

03年#44(A)

(A)Straitford…s prediction about Ukraine has proved true.

原文第四段原话为:As soon as (一……就……表示还未发生)that report runs,we…ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine…。显然答案时态与原文不符合。

以上八种错误选项是十分有代表性的设置方式,也几乎囊括了所有的错误选项的设置逻辑,请学员仔细研究,并加以利用,不要再犯类似的错误。

培养初中生的英语阅读能力

培养初中生的英语阅读能力 发表时间:2011-04-12T11:30:43.120Z 来源:《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2011年第8期供稿作者:魏瑜 [导读] 阅读作为获取语言文化知识、了解外部信息、提高语言能力的重要手段,是中学英语教学的侧重点。 摘要:探索英语阅读教学方法,培养学生阅读能力已成为英语教师共同关注和研究的课题。本文阐述了培养初中生英语阅读能力的重要性,并介绍了培养学生英语阅读能力的方法。 关键词:阅读兴趣;阅读技巧;阅读能力 作者简介:魏瑜,任教于江西省石城二中。 阅读作为获取语言文化知识、了解外部信息、提高语言能力的重要手段,是中学英语教学的侧重点。英语的阅读以能力为主,涉及学生的理解、综合和分析解决问题的能力。近年来,阅读更注重对技能和能力的考查,选材也更广泛,内容更丰富,与学生生活实际相联系。因此,探索培养学生英语阅读能力,提高学生阅读效率成为英语教师共同关注和研究的课题。 一、英语阅读能力的分析 阅读是一个积极主动地思考理解和接受信息的过程,也是一种复杂的智力活动。从表面看是读者感知书面文字理解文字所表达的内容,实际上它是作者与读者双方的语言交际活动,是一个读者实现心理满足的复杂的心理逻辑推理过程。在这过程中所表现出来的能力,被称为“阅读能力”。 二、培养初中生英语阅读能力的重要性 阅读能力是一种领会理解能力,是学生吸取知识,积累词汇,熟悉英语表达习惯的重要途径。阅读能力是英语四会能力中最基本最重要的能力之一。阅读不仅能帮助学生获取信息,开阔视野,吸收丰富的知识,了解英语国家的历史、地理、科技、社会文化、风土人情等,提高学生的学习兴趣,还能扩大词汇量,促进听、说、写的能力的发展。同时还能培养学生的思维能力、分析能力和理解能力,有效地提高学生运用语言的能力,为他们的终身学习和发展打下坚实的基础。新课标中明确提出要培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神,帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异,拓展视野,形成一定的综合语言运用能力。 既然阅读这么重要,那么我们就应该重视培养阅读能力,掌握提高阅读效率的方法就显得尤为重要了。笔者在本文中就个人的教学体会,谈谈提高初中生英语阅读能力的方法。 三、培养英语阅读能力的方法 1.培养英语阅读兴趣 兴趣就是动力。正如心理学家皮亚杰所说:“兴趣是能量的调节者,它的加入便产生了储存内心的力量。”对于阅读,学生也应该有一种浓厚的兴趣。那么,教师如何培养学生的阅读兴趣呢?笔者认为教师在培养学生的阅读能力的过程中,要根据“循序渐进、逐步提高”的原则来编选阅读材料。对于初中生,教师可以在平时收集一些幽默、笑话、谜语、谚语、成语小故事,加以精选改编。学生在饶有兴趣的阅读过程中,既不知不觉扩大了词汇量,获取了各方面的知识,又在阅读过程中体验到快乐。真正地让他们认识到阅读并非空洞乏味的活动,而是一种既可增长知识、又能令人愉快的活动。也真正做到了“为学所乐”,使学生自觉地克服阅读过程中产生的不良心理因素,从而以旺盛的精力、饱满的热情、进取的精神投入到阅读活动中去。 2.扩展英语文化背景知识 语言是文化的载体,语言与文化密切相关。如果学生缺乏一定的文化背景知识,即使能认识每一个单词,懂得每一个句子,也不一定能正确理解文章的含义。教师在教学中,一定要详细介绍教材中的有关社会文化背景的知识,让学生在一定的文化背景知识下理解课文。 3.训练英语阅读技巧 文章是由句子和段落组成的,句子与句子、段落与段落之间是彼此联系的。 在英语阅读教学中,教师要有意识地向学生传授阅读方法,训练阅读技能,培养学生自觉调整阅读速度和阅读方法的能力。阅读时眼中有词,心中揣意,把握命题原则——“大小猜判”(大—— 考察大意;小——细节辨别;猜——字词句意;判—— 推理判断)。教师要提高学生的阅读水平,就要分别用不用的方法来训练他们的阅读技巧,使学生形成良好的阅读习惯,提高阅读理解能力。主要阅读技巧有: (1)略读:通过整体粗读,领略内容大意,帮助理解,为细读作准备。在进行阅读课教学时要有意识地培养学生找出主题句,抓住中心,使学生理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系,没有主题句的段落就引导学生依靠段落中的衔接、句际关系来分析、推断和概括段落的大意,从而达到整体理解的目的,获得文章表达的正确的信息。 (2)跳读:寻找所需信息,如年代、数字、人名、地名等把握住关键词,利用语法过渡词,语气转折词及时态等,抓住文章脉络。 (3)细读:分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,处理语言点,抓住主要事实,关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段落与段落之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题、文章大意非常重要。 (4)推读:推测未直接写明的含义、因果关系以及词义猜测,对学生在自学过程中遇到的新的单词、表达法或语法。引导学生学会根据上下文进行猜测,这样既提高了阅读速度又形成了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养学生猜词的能力是我们在外语教学中十分重要而有意义的一个环节,但是若遇到了关键的词句且影响对文章的理解,则要提倡学生使用手中的工具书,自行查阅解决学习中遇到的困难。 (5)概读:要求学生从每篇标题,到各个部分都进行概读、以归纳出要点, 概括作者的主旨、意图、观点、态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于学生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养学生的综合概括能力,提高英语阅读的有效性。 4.培养阅读能力,形成良好阅读习惯 阅读是一个认知的过程,不同的人有不同的阅读方式。有的学生喜欢逐字逐句地读,有的喜欢一目十行地读,有的喜欢反复上下阅读。这些阅读方式都是影响学生阅读效果与水平提高的原因,因此,在英语阅读教学中教师应培养学生以下四种能力,以形成良好的阅读习惯。 (1)培养学生限时阅读的能力。限定阅读时间,进行限时阅读训练。限时阅读是训练速度的有效方法,让学生在规定的时间内读完材

最新中考英语阅读理解专题(含答案)经典

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