期末考试题型和复习范围2018
期末考试题型和复习范围(2018年6月30号)
Part One: Bank filling (10×1=10points)
In this section, there are ten sentences with ten blanks. You are required to select one expression for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the sentences. Read thesesentences carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet.
说明:10个句子,每个句子中有一填空处,从18个备选英语短语中选择恰当的词语与相应的句子意思匹配。
Part Two: Word Matching(10×1=10points)
In this section, there are ten Chinese expressions followed by a word bank of twenty English ones. You are required to select one English expression for each Chinese expression from the word bank. Read theseexpressions carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet.
说明:10个汉语短语,从20个备选英语短语中选择与这些汉语短语意思相匹配的词语。
以上两题的内容均来自“文化特色词汇总表”
Part Three: Writing (20points)
Write something about the following topics. Your introduction of or common on each of the topics should not be less than 100 words.
1). The differences between Chinese language and English one中英思维与语言比较,参考页面:p58-59,p74,p77,p96-97,p100,p109,p111,p15-139)
●Paratactic (重意合) language Chinese
Parataxis refers to the language in which word and sentence units are composed
by means of their semantic coherence with diffusive (散布性的) linguistic forms
and covert (隐蔽的) grammar.
Hypotactic (重形合) language English
Hypotaxis (强调形合) refers to a language which uses the distinct formal labels, such as inflexion, prepositions, conjunctions etc. to link phrases, sentences and paragraphs, with overt grammar.
●Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic语义型语言(以意统形)
Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion(显性联接)Hypotactic形态型语言(以形驭意)
●Topic-Comment Sentence Structure (话题-评论结构)
Topic-prominent Language话题突出型语言
Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure (主语-谓语结构)
Subject-prominent Language主语突出型语言
●Compared with Chinese, English is a kind of hypotaxis and thus
pays much attention to the formal connection among linguistic units.
●Subject-verb agreement governs the formation of sentences of
which verb is the center.
●The relationships between linguistic units are marked by the
morphological (词法的,形态的) changes, inflections, conjunctions and prepositions.
●As a result, when Chinese is translated into English, some
“omitted” elements should be replenished(补充).
●English pays much attention to overt cohesion and highlights the
structural integrity of sentences .
●Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion
●English: right-extending,heavy-tailed like a peacock
●Chinese Clockwise Order
English describes the picture from the nearer distance to
the farther one. It begins from the prologue (序幕) and then
replenishes (补充) it in an anti-clockwise order
English Anticlockwise Order
Chinese just describes one event in the time order,
very methodically.
●Chinese
Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making (制竹)(语序相对固定)
English
Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building (积木)(语序相对灵活)
●Chinese tend to use imaginative thought pattern and accordingly
are fond of using imaginary words and metaphors in order to
achieve vivid effects in writing. Metaphors have become an
important tool in Chinese people daily communication, which can be shown in the following daily Chinese.
On the contrary, English people who lay much stress on abstract thought pattern favor the well-organized, logical structure. As a result, English language is characterized by its direct and
abstract words.
●Difference 1
English : Impersonal (物称) Chinese: Personal (人称)
Difference 2
English : Passive (被动) Chinese: Active (主动)
Difference 3
English : Static (静态) Chinese: Dynamic (动态) Difference 4
English : Order of Importance/Linear Pattern
Chinese: Order of Time/Circular Pattern
Difference 4
English : Complex (繁复) Chinese: Simple (简明)
Difference 5
English : Abstract (抽象)Chinese: Concrete (具体)
Difference 6
English : Hypotactic (形合) Chinese: Paratactic (意合)
Explicit cohesion (显性联接)Implicit coherence (隐性连贯)
Difference 7
English : plain and factual (讲平实)
Chinese: rhythmic and symmetrical (重韵律)
English 英语Chinese 汉语
Form-focused 形态型Meaning-focused 语义型
Right-extending 孔雀型Left-extending 狮子型
Sight-fixed 视点固定Sight-moving 视点流动Tree-like 树型结构Bamboo-like 竹型结构Subject-prominent 主语突出Topic-prominent 主题突出Order-flexible 语序相对灵活Order-fixed 语序相对固定Impersonal 物称Personal 人称
Passive 被动Active 主动
Static 静态Dynamic 动态
Complex 繁复Simple 简单
Abstract 抽象Concrete 具体
Hypotactic 形合Paratactic 意合
Plain and factual 平实Rhythmic and symmetrical 韵律
2). The differences between Chinese and English thought patterns第二题(二中英思维与语言比较,参考页面:p11-52);
●Synthetic Thought Pattern
Synthesis is a kind of thought which combines the separate parts, elements of the objects into a whole.
Chinese do not analyze or divide things into categories, so much as they synthesize (合成) elements into a unified whole. In this sense, Chinese emphasis is upon the whole.
Analytic Thought Pattern
Analysis is a kind of thought which separates the whole into parts.
●Imaginative Thought Pattern
The fact that Chinese put so much stress on image shows that Chinese attach much importance to imagination but fail to develop conception. For instance, Confucius mentions an important idea “Ren” for 105 times in “The Analects”(论语), but what is the real meaning of this idea is not explained clearly. Chinese philosophers consciously reject the notion of controlling one's life by reason.
Abstract Thought Pattern
The abstract thought of English is embodied in its grammar. English is also dominated by logic. The conception is very clear and the sentences are organized tightly. The well-organized, logical English structures reflect English thought patterns, as even in the omitted sentences.
Generally speaking, Chinese speakers prefer imaginative thought while English speakers abstract thought.
●Circular ThoughtPattern
It is characterized by circumlocution(婉转曲折), that is, not stating opinion directly or frankly but beating about the bush at first, and using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, analogy to develop opinion, then going back to the topic at last, or intentionally referring to history,
tradition or something else to conceal the true theme.
Linear ThoughtPattern
It is characterized by speaking of one's opinion
directly and by speaking without reservation.
Linear thought is also called deductive thought and
general-particular thought.
●Subjective Thought Pattern
It refers to the thought pattern which deems human as the center to observe, analyze and study the objective world. Influenced by the traditional philosophical concept of "unity of subject and object", Chinese usually lay much stress on human-oriented issues and subjective consciousness, and they believe that only human beings can think consciously.
Objective Thought Pattern
It refers to a thought that takes objective natural world as the center to observe, analyze, research and vanquish(征服,战胜). Objective thought takes object and nature as the core, and lays much stress on observation and research of natural object.
●Intuitional (直觉的)Thought Pattern
?Intuition can be defined as the act or process of "coming to direct knowledge" or
"certainty without reasoning and inferring".
?To put it in another way, a whole picture will appear in one's mind without the order and
distance, which is faint but certain and it cannot be expressed by any words.
Rational (理性的) Thought Pattern
It aims to draw a logical conclusion by means of analysis, judgment and inference. It is characterized by a systematic cognition by way of reason and discursiveness (推论)/postulation(假定).
●Collectivistic Thought Pattern
It is characterized by individuals who subordinate their personal goals to the goals of some organizations. In many cases, people in collectivist cultures have internalized the norms of their organizations so completely that there is no such thing as a distinction between in-group goals and personal goals. Individualistic Thought Pattern
It refers to loosely knit social networks. People in individualist cultures define themselves primarily as independent individuals and make their primary commitment to themselves.
?Individuality-oriented value contributes to Westerners’ support for the
abolishment of capital punishment whereas collective-oriented value plays a role in Chinese opposition of the termination of death penalty.
?The order of a person’s name or address varies between Westerners and Chinese.
?The dispute over the legitimacy of TU Youyou’s winning of Nobe l prize in
physiology or medicine reflects different thought patterns.
Conclusion
The differences between Chinese and English thought patterns discussed involve the
relative emphasis that members of different cultures place on particular thought pattern rather than absolute differences in kind. For instance, Chinese people hold a strong imaginative thought pattern while English people hold a weaker one. And the British do better than the Chinese in using abstract thought.
It is not a matter of "have" or "have not", but the one of “strong” or “weak”. Chinese thought pattern and Western thought pattern are not incompatible as fire and water; actually, there occurs some commonness at the very beginning of the formation of thought patterns.
Mo Tzu gives preliminary statements about formal logic and Westerners also use metaphor and historical allusions.
3). On translationese (including such aspects as definition, causes, features, and preventive measures against it) 第三题(四中英互译中的翻译腔,参考页面:p2-17;p24;p41,p57);
●Definition
?Nida and Taber
Translationese refers to "formal fidelity which results in unfaithfulness to the content and impact of the message". In other words, translationese means "a certain deviation from normal linguistic usage"
Nicknames such as "Chinglish" have been invented to designate translationese.
Failing to free himself of the influence of SL, the translator sometimes directly transplants the original linguistic forms into the target language, hence giving rise to a hybrid language characterized by its poor acceptability in TL, i.e. translationese.
?Newmark
Newmark defines translationese as “a literal translation that does not
produce the appropriate sense.” He points out that translationese
reproduces SL structures, which makes it awkward or heavy. To be more
precise, translationese, taking various forms of incorrect language. It
refers to a translation expressed in an absurd hybrid language under the
interference of the source language on the translator.
?Shuttleworth&Cowie
Translationese is a general pejorative term used to refer to TL usage which
because of its obvious reliance on features of SL is perceived as unnatural,
impenetrable or even comical, because it is obviously different from the
features of TL.
The typical cause of translationese, according to the dictionary, is
excessively literal translation or the lack of good knowledge in TL.
They stress on the influence of the source language on translationese.
?程熙旭
Translationese is an unnatural form of language in translation which
carries the features of the source language structures, thus violating the
habitual use of the target language within a certain period of time.
●Features of Translationese
?According to Shuttleworth and Cowie, inappropriate SL metaphors and
syntax, unnatural word order and a high concentration of
unnatural-sounding terminology are the sort of features which are
typical of translationese.
?Liu Miqing describes features of translationese
The translation violates the linguistic usage of TL, especially word
order;the sentence patterns and lexical preference of SL (especially
the pronouns in English) are found in TL;the rhetorical devices of
SL are directly transplanted;the foreign culture is blindly
introduced without consideration of the national and the individual
psychology of the receptors;SL is imitated and the social function
and effects are ignored
?Fan Zhongying describes features of translationese
A translation with light translation syndrome is unnatural in
language but can be understood; the collocations do not conform to
TL usage;metaphors in the ST are directly transplanted into TT;the
surface meaning is considered without bothering the deep meaning.
?Sun Zhili describes features of translationese
Unsmooth language which not only violates the norm of TL but ruins
the readers' interests; obscure meaning which confuses the
readers' understanding.
?Cheng Xixu describes features of translationese
Being unnatural;carrying the features of source language
structures;being in violation of the habitual use of target
language.
●Causes to Translationese
As to the causes of translationese, many researchers have presented their analysis. FanZhongying argues that there are three major causes:
firstly, the translator's ignorance of differences between the two languages; secondly, the translator's misunderstanding of "faithfulness";
thirdly, the translator does not comprehend the deep meaning of SL text. As to how to overcome translation syndrome,
Fan proposes three approaches: (i) to improve acceptability, (ii) to understand the relationship between form and content and (iii) to study SL text carefully.
●The Translator's Neglect of Differences between Chinese and English
●The Translator's Unawareness of Stylistic Equivalence
●In On Translation, Jin Di and Nida hold that translators must have necessary
qualifications if they are to produce satisfactory translations:
(i) language competence, that is to say, a good command of both the source language and the target language;
(ii) a sufficient knowledge of the respective cultures and the subject matter; (iii) verbal imagination, that is to say, a creative capacity to deal with various kinds of images;
(iv) a proper understanding of the nature of his task;
(v) intellectual integrity in combination with devotion to the task.
4). Introduction of foreignization and domestication.
说明:四个题目的答案均可以在课程PPT的有关论述中找到。第一题(二;第四题(五翻译理论和策略简介,参考页面:p38,p42-43,p47-48;P48是重点)答题内容不应该是机械照搬。
●Venuti is the most outstanding representative of foreignizing translation. He
defined foreignization as “an ethno (人种心理学) deviant (离经叛道的) pressure on those [target-language cultural] values to register (指示) the linguistic and cultural difference of the for eign text, sending the reader abroad” (Venuti 2004:20). It is “highly desirable”, he says, in an effort “to restrain the ethnocentric violence of translation”. Foreignization is a term used by Venuti to designate the type of translation in which a TL is produced which deliberately breaks the target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.
The application of foreignization will be the general tendency in translating culture-loaded terms (abbreviated as CLT in the following pages). The following points may justify the adoption of foreignization strategy in translation.
●Domestication is used by Lawrence Venuti to describe the translation strategy
in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers.
It is actually a target- language-culture-oriented translation strategy in which expressions acceptable in the target language culture are exploited in order to make the translated texts intelligible and suitable for the target text readers. Venuti allies it with Sch leiermacher's description that “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him” (Schleiermacher 1813/1992: 41-2) (Venuti 1995:20).
Venuti (2004:20) defined domestication as “an ethnocentric (种族[民族]中心主义的) reduction of the foreign text to target-language culture values, bringing the writer back home.” Domestication is the surrendering of the culturally-loaded words in the source language to the corresponding cultural category in the target language and translating with corresponding words. The following viewpoints can elucidate (阐明) the necessity of domestication approach in translation:
●In this sense, domestication is considered as a necessary complement when
foreignizing strategy fails to deal with cultural elements of the source
language in translation. It serves as a reasonable makeshift (权宜之计) and always paves the way for future foreignization. The pluses and minuses of foreignization and domestication can be summarized as follows:
Foreignization
SL culture-oriented approach aims at preserving original flavor regarding both linguistic and cultural characteristics in the translated text.
By foreignizing translation, the SL culture is transplanted to the TL culture.
Advantage: providing alien and exotic picture to TL readers, enriching target culture and contributing to cultural diversity.
Disadvantage: target readers find it hard to appreciate a text with foreign flavor.
Domestication
TL culture-oriented approach aims at reproducing the original message by means of expressions acceptable to TL culture to maintain the intelligibility of the ST to receptors.
By domestication, translator’s inclination would possibly lead to ethnocentrism and cultural hegemony.
Advantage: removing cultural obstacle, facilitating information flow, and easing TL readers’ comprehension of SL.
Disadvantage: target readers lose the chance of appreciating the unique and exotic flavor of SL expressions.
Part Four: Sentence Translation (E-C & C-E)(10×3=30points)
Translate the following English sentences into Chinese and Chinese sentences into English.
说明:英译汉和汉译英各5句,句子来自参考书《中西语言文化对比研究》第三讲后面的练
习题+“翻译技巧”ppt中背景为淡棕色页面中的例句+“无主句的翻译”。重点是参考书中
的练习题。
Part Five: Paragraph Translation (E-C)(1×15=15points)
Translate the following English text into Chinese.
说明:材料选自《全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4课文原文及译文》前四个单元的A篇课
文
Part Six: Paragraph Translation (C-E)(1×15=15points)
Translate the following Chinese text into English. Write your answer beside the number 33 on the answer sheet.
说明:材料选自9篇汉译英短文范文,在ppt文件“段落翻译复习资料”中。
2018学术基本要素期末考试答案
《学术基本要素:专业论文写作》期末考试 一、单选题 1帕诺夫斯基擅长用()的方法来进行艺术研究。 A、 考古对比 B、 历史学 C、 图像学 D、 语言学 我的答案:C 2《西方美术史学中的中国山水画》的作者是()。 A、 方闻 B、 埃尔金斯 C、 薛永年 D、 高居翰 我的答案:B 3对明代历史而言,《明史》是()材料,明代档案是()材料。A、 直接、间接 B、 直接、直接 C、 间接、直接 D、 间接、间接 我的答案:C 4一般而言,材料和案例应该是作为()出现在论文中的。 A、 论点 B、 论据 C、 论证 D、 驳论 我的答案:B 5学术规范有两种,分别指()。
书写格式和文风 B、 书写格式和投稿规范 C、 书写格式和论证方法 D、 书写格式和立论合法性 我的答案:A 6关于学术认可,描述错误的是()。 A、 研究中国学术的内容,首先要被国内专家认可 B、 要被本专业的人认可 C、 认可的程度由导师确定 D、 研究国外学术的内容,首先要被国外专家认可 我的答案:C 7要确定选题,首先要做的是()。 A、 立意 B、 文献调研 C、 拟大纲 D、 拟草稿 我的答案:B 8关于论文选题需要注意的事项,不包括()。 A、 课题的难度和时机 B、 资料和技术条件的问题 C、 理论优先,可不顾实践体会 D、 选题的时间性和理论性 我的答案:C 9在学位论文中,主要的研究方法不要低于()个,不超过()个。A、 2,3 B、 2,4
3,4 D、 3,5 我的答案:A 10一般而言,学术会议要求每位学者发言的时间不超过()。 A、 10分钟 B、 15分钟 C、 20分钟 D、 25分钟 我的答案:C 11学术界的市场竞争是指对()的竞争。 A、 经费 B、 头衔 C、 指导的学生人数 D、 思想 我的答案:D 12博士生的选题报告会,必须以学术活动的方式在()学科范围当中举行。A、 一级 B、 二级 C、 三级 D、 四级 我的答案:B 13在世界范围当中,对知识产权保护涉及领域最广的产权法是()。 A、 《世界知识产权组织版权条约》 B、 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》 C、 《伯尔尼公约》 D、 《关贸总协定》
2018年高校邦期末测试题附答案
2018年高校邦期末测试题附答案课程名称:团队建设与高效管理【标准版】 第一章向解放军学管理测验 1、军队的做事文化 答案:A:想干事| B:肯干事| C:会做事| D:善于共事| 2、“人间正道是沧桑”中的“正道”是什么之道 答案:A:可学习之道| B:可拷贝之道| C:可重复之道| D:可感悟之道| 3、现代社会的两种需求是 答案:A:组织需要找到合适的人为它创造效益| C:每个人需要找到一个合适的组织,把它作为成长的工具和舞台| 第二章品绩管理测验 1、品绩考评的优势 答案:A:能将抽象的品格理念变成行为细节| B:形成行为规范| C:将传统考核转变为考核评价体系| D:有利于团队建设与相互配合| 2、 现代企业职位说明书包括哪些内容 答案:A:工作岗位和个人条件| B:责任报告和紧急情况报告| C:主要职能| D:主要品格指标KBI| 3、远见型管理者的品格要求 答案:A:远见 | B:信心 | D:明辨 | 4、司马光把人分为哪四种 答案:A:圣人:德才兼备| B:愚人:缺德少才| C:君子:德胜于才| D:小人:才胜于德| 5、企业”三道“指的是 答案:A:经营之道| B:管理之道| D:用人之道| 第三章九型人格与企业管理测验 1、性格与什么有关 答案:B:反映了人的一种行为模式| D:反映了人的一种思维模式、情绪反映模式的规律| 2、如何理解九种人格的防卫机制
答案:A:可以理解为生存策略| B:应对世界的策略| 3、九型人格各自关注点是什么 答案:A:1号关注错误;号关注别人的需要| D:7号看到快乐;8号看到控制;9号看到关系| 4、7号性格在压力状态下的表现 答案:B:开始有了规则意识| C:变得严厉苛刻| D:开始关注自己的内在感受| 5、5号的性格特征是什么 答案:A:喜欢独处,不喜欢被打扰| B:喜欢研究事情的真相| C:不太喜欢社交活动| D:渴望精神世界的付出| 6、8号(领袖型)的性格特征 答案:A:具有锄强扶弱的秉性| B:保护身边的人| C:在压力下,变得冷静,会思考| D:在生活、工作中会有过度表现| 7、2号(助人型)性格特征有哪些 答案:A:慷慨、热情、善于发现别人的需要| B:在和朋友互动时,更愿意扮演聆听者| C:通过帮助别人,使自己快乐| D:认为生命中“爱”最重要| 8、4号性格的特征是什么 答案:A:比较忧郁、伤感| B:内心世界比较敏感| C:对艺术比较敏感| D:希望自己是独特的| 9、1号性格的特点 答案:A:看到错误就想说出来| B:感慨事件的不公正、不公平| C:对自己的要求很高| D:对进步和成长有一种强烈的渴望| 10、和平型的性格特征 答案:A:为人友善| B:气定神闲,很少发火| C:不太容易拒绝别人| 11、6号型性格的人有哪些特点 答案:A:做事谨慎| B:心思细密| C:防患于未然| 12、成就型性格的人成功后怎么做 答案:C:与所有人分享| 13、成就型人的个性特征是什么 答案:A:目标感非常强| B:追求高效率| C:不放过任何可以成功的机会| D:喜欢在竞争中取胜的感觉|
2018高一数学上学期期末考试试题及答案
2018第一学期期末考试 高一数学试题 第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共48分) 参考公式: 1.锥体的体积公式1 ,,.3 V Sh S h =其中是锥体的底面积是锥体的高 2.球的表面积公式2 4S R π=,球的体积公式3 43 R V π=,其中R 为球的半径. 一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项 是符合题目要求的. 1.已知全集{0,1,2,3},{1,3}U A ==,则集合U C A = ( ) A .{}0 B .{}1,2 C .{}0,2 D .{}0,1,2 2.空间中,垂直于同一直线的两条直线 ( ) A .平行 B .相交 C .异面 D .以上均有可能 3.已知幂函数()α x x f =的图象经过点? ?? ?? 2, 22,则()4f 的值等于 ( ) A .16 B.116 C .2 D.1 2 4. 函数()lg(2)f x x =+的定义域为 ( ) A.(-2,1) B.[-2,1] C.()+∞-,2 D. (]1,2- 5.动点P 在直线x+y-4=0上,O 为原点,则|OP|的最小值为 ( ) A B .C D .2 6.设m 、n 是两条不同的直线,α、β是两个不同的平面,则下列命题中正确的是 ( ) A .若m ∥n ,m ∥α,则n ∥α B .若α⊥β,m ∥α,则m ⊥β C .若α⊥β,m ⊥β,则m ∥α D .若m ⊥n ,m ⊥α, n ⊥β,则α⊥β 7.设()x f 是定义在R 上的奇函数,当0≤x 时,()x x x f -=2 2,则()1f 等于 ( ) A .-3 B .-1 C .1 D .3
2018人教版六年级上册语文期末考试题附答案
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最新-20181七年级期末考试试题及答案精品
七年级(上)生物期末考试试卷2018.1姓名:班级: 座号:成绩: 亲爱的同学,在中学生活的第一个学期里,你走进了生物科学的大门,你喜欢这丰富多彩的生物世界吗? 在这个世界里,你和同伴们一起积极探索,一定有不少的收获吧? 试着考考自己,将自己的收获表现出来吧! 一、单项选择题(30分,给每个选择找一个最佳的答案,每题1分) 1.合作小组讨论“生命基本特征”时,出现下面4种说法,其中正确的是()。 A.生物都能快速运动 B.生物都是由细胞组成的 C.生物都能进行光合作用 D.生物都能生长和繁殖 2.下列自然现象中,与生物没有直接关系的是()。 A.花开花落 B.蜻蜓点水 C.食物腐败 D.涨潮落潮 3.下列生物中属于竞争关系的是()。 A.水稻和稗草 B.猫和老鼠 C.人和猪 D.蚂蚁和蚱蜢 4.语文课上学到的成语中,很多与生物学有关系。下列成语中,说明了生物能够影响环境的道理的是()。 A.螳螂捕蝉、黄雀在后 B.千里之堤、溃于蚁穴 C.种瓜得瓜、种豆得豆 D.风声鹤唳、草木皆兵 5.生物的生活离不开环境。你知道青蛙的冬眠和哪一种环境因素有关吗?() A.温度 B.青蛙的天敌 C.阳光 D.与环境因素无关 6.九龙江是厦门母亲河。下面四种说法中,代表一个生态系统的是()。 A.整条九龙江 B.九龙江的水 C.九龙江里所有的鱼 D.九龙江里的所有生物 7.在制作洋葱表皮细胞临时装片时,()是正确的做法。 A.尽量将标本撕得薄一些 B.将盖玻片垂直于载玻片后迅速放下 C.若有气泡,则用手轻压赶走 D.盖上盖玻片后可直接将稀碘液滴在盖玻片上 8.不论是动物体或是植物体,它的结构和功能的基本单位都是()。 A.细胞 B.组织 C.器官 D.系统 9.荔枝汁甜味美,主要是荔枝果肉细胞的()中含有大量糖分。 A.细胞壁 B.细胞膜
创新思维与方法2018期末考试答案1
一、 单选题(题数:50,共 50.0 分)
1
揭开天王星的真面目,从发现的途径看,属于科学发现中的( )。(1.0 分)
1.0 分
?
A、
观测型发现
?
B、
实验型发现
?
C、
基于已发现的科学事实,归纳出新规律
?
D、
在已归纳的相关科学规律的基础上,创立一整套科学理论
正确答案: A 我的答案:A 答案解析:
2
创新设计思维的三要素不包括( )。(1.0 分)
1.0 分
?
A、
差异性
?
B、
价值性
1
?
C、
可行性
?
D、
稳定性
正确答案: D 我的答案:D 答案解析:
3
开辟新的售后服务途径属于( )。(1.0 分)
1.0 分
?
A、
经济创新
?
B、
营销创新
?
C、
文化创新
?
D、
策略创新
正确答案: B 我的答案:B 答案解析:
4
逆向思考的方法是( )。(1.0 分)
1
1.0 分
?
A、
顺序反向、结构反向
?
B、
顺序反向、结构正向
?
C、
顺序正向、结构反向
?
D、
顺序正向、结构正向
正确答案: A 我的答案:A 答案解析:
5
六步引领法是处理团队成员之间分歧与误解的重要方法,其中黄色的帽子代表( )。(1.0 分)
1.0 分
?
A、
乐观与肯定
?
B、
中立与客观
?
C、
整体与控制
1
创新思维与方法2018期末考试答案
1.0 分 正确答案:√我的答案:√ 答案解析: 2 画思维导图时,关于人的设计的几大关键要素,其中每一个都是无法再继续分解的。()(1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案:× 我的答案:× 答案解析: 3 设计思维要做到百花齐放才能激发无限的创意,而不是固步自封。()(1.0 分)1.0 分 正确答案:√ 我的答案:√ 答案解析: 4 想象是一种超现实的自由精神的创造。()(1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案:× 我的答案:× 答案解析: 5 纵向思维改变了解决问题的一般思路,试图从别的方面、方向入手,其思维广度大大增加, 有可能从其他领域中得到解决问题的启示。()
答案解析: 9 ( 1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案: ×我的答案: × 答案解析: 6 每件事情都是价值与风险并存的。( )(1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案: √我的答案: √ 答案解析: 7 正向思维是依据事物发展过程及规律相类似这一客观事实而建立的, 1.0 分 正确答案: ×我的答案: × 答案解析: 8 技术发明是指在科学发现的基础上, 把已有的对于自然界的认识成果, 理和科 学知识, 运用创造性思维的方法, 构思出一种新的技术原理, 的新的运用方 式,或创造出一种以原理模型、生产样品等为主的技术物品。 1.0 分 正确答案: √我的答案: √ 它是正确的。(1.0 分) 即科学理论、 科学原 或创造出一种技术原理 ( 1.0 分)
答案解析: 13 创新就是制造好奇,打破惯性思维,产生出乎意料的创新思维。( 1.0 分 正确答案: √我的答案: √ 答案解析: 10 在以知识为基础的知识经济社会, 智力资源成为一个国家、 一个企业取得竞争优势的核心资 源。( )( 1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案: √我的答案: √ 答案解析: 11 以惯性思维来对待客观事物, 只会有益于问题的解决, 不会形成固定的思维模式。 ( )( 1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案: ×我的答案: × 答案解析: 12 思维定势会把很简单的问题变得难解决,开展创新活动要克服思维定势。( )( 1.0 分) 1.0 分 正确答案: √我的答案: √ )( 1.0 分)