阅读理解主旨大意题(讲解版)

阅读理解主旨大意题

【命题分析】

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。

◆主旨大意题的分类

1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻

找或总结。

2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：

1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4.常以main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss等词提问。

◆常考问题：

1.中心思想类

The main point/idea of the passageis…

The passageis mainly about…

The passagemainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…？

Which of the following statements best expressesthe main idea of the passage?

2.标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passagewould be…

3.目的类

The author’ｓ

main purpose in writing the passageis to…

The passageis meant to…．

In writing this passage,the author mainly intends to…

【名师指导】

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1.中心主题句出现在文首

开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见

的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。

【典例】

（2016·新课标卷III）Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being

e-mails spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’ｓand online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

＂The‘ifit bleeds’rule works for mass media,＂says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of

feeling.But when you share a story with your Pennsylvania.＂They want your eyeballs and don’ｔ

care how you’re

want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂

friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don’ｔ

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face

necessarily mean conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didn’ｔ

people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of

website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the＂most news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’

e-mailed＂list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more

readers and made them want likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times’

to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared,as Dr.Berger explains

in his new book,＂Contagious:Why Things Catch On.＂

25.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide．

B.Online News Attracts More People．

C.Reading Habits Change with the Times．

D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks．

【文章大意】人们常说＂没有消息就是最好的消息＂，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普

及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。学科*网

【答案】D

2.主题句出现在文尾

在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，

即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

【典例】

The famous American gorilla(大猩猩)expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas—she pretended to be one of them.She copied their actions and way of life—eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does.It was a new relationship.

Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in1985and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist.It was a long way from King Kong,which is about a gorilla as a monster(a frightening animal),and helped to show a new idea:the real monster is man,while the gorilla is to be admired.

Today there are thought to be around48,000lowland gorillas and maybe400—450m ountain gorillas in the wild.From the Congo in West Africa,to Rwanda and Uganda further east,they are endangeredby hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.

Some time ago,I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature.It had two photos side by side.One was of a young gorilla.“This i s a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),”s aid the words below

The other photo showed a human baby.The it.“It is being destroyed by man.We must save it for our own good.”

but then went on:“It is the most destructive(破坏性的)on earth. words also read,“This i s a species of mammal,”

We must retrain it for its own good.”

56.The text mainly talks about_____.

A.Diane Fossey

B.the gorillas in Rwanda

C.the protection of the gorillas

D.the film Gorillas in the Mist

【答案】C

3.首尾呼应的写作方法

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，

前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

【典例】

Lacrosse(曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train for war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.

People play lacrosse outdoors.The lacrosse field is seven meters long.At each end of the field there is a goal.

The player hit a ball The goal is a net.There are ten players on each team.Each player has a stick called“cross”．

into the net as many times as https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,crosse is a very fast game becausethe players can catch and pass the ball at a high speedwith their sticks.Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.

There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada.Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.

At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada.Today it is still popular with Canadians.

1.The passageis mainly about___________.

A.How to Play Lacrosse

https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,crosse in Canada

C.The History of Lacrosse

https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,crosse—Ａ

Popular Game in Canada

【答案】D

4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句

阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳

形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。

【典例】

Handshaking,though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the

practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met,they showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly,people in cities hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into began to clap each other’ｓ

shake(hands)on it”sometimes means shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let’ｓ

agreement reached.

Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet?No.Sometimes the Chinese

abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party,

especially when it is a woman,shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean

anything to him or-her.Even if,for politeness,he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand,

just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually

open and straightforward,while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in

western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only

when he shows interest in further relations with you.

65.The first paragraph mainly tells us______.

A.where handshaking was first practised

B.how handshaking came about

C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade

D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。

67.The main purpose of the text is______.

A.to tell us some differences between the East and the West

B.to offer us some important facts about handshaking

C.to introduce us to some different customs in the West

D.to give us some advice before we travel abroad

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主

要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。学*科网

4.主题句出现在文章的中间

通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步

的解释、支撑或发展。

【典例】

The SaharaFestival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year,but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists,but even better attended by locals.

During the opening ceremonies,after the official greetings from the government leaders,people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands,and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another,groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand,a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long,dark,shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.

…

67.This passagemainly tells readers_______.

A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival

B.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival

C.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the SaharaFestival

D.how animals race on the first and the last days of the SaharaFestival

【答案】A

怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题

——高度概括法

对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择

或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主

旨大意，再定标题。

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。

标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选

择文章的标题呢？

首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体

现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。

其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，

仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，

太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，

也可以是句子。

再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂

和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般

比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。

最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为

核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句

为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top128Chinese family names on Thursday Nov.18th 2004in Beijing.

话题：Stamps

控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top128Chinese family names

标题：China issued1st set of stampson family names

根据多年高考的试题分析可以用以下两招确定标题归纳题答案：

第一招：首尾段中寻找观点句、哲理句

1.首尾段中的＂观点＂、＂哲理句＂，常常是主旨；

2.首尾段复指同一观点，该观点一定是主旨；

3.首尾段共同点与中间段落多次汇集在同一点，该点一定是主旨；

4.将该主旨与选项文字比对，含义相同或最大程度接近者，即可确定为最佳标题。

第二招：找多段首句、核心句之交点

1.多个自然段、核心句含义相比得出共同点；

2.或各段首句、核心句相交，找到交点；

3.把共同点或交点概括成一句话，并与题目选项比对，完全相等或最大程度接近即可确定为标题。

【典例】

August8,was Earth Overshoot Day.Calculated annually by the environmental advocacy(支持，拥护)group, Global Footprint Network(GFN),it is the day when human has consumed all the natural resources—produce, meat,fish,water,and wood—that our planet can regenerate(再生)in a single year.This means that for the rest of 2016,we will be using natural resourcesthat are impossible to replace.

allowance by August and then For those that are a little confused,it is similar to spending your entire year’ｓ

borrowing money from friends,knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan.GFN says that the same thing happens in the caseof the Earth.

The date of Earth Overshoot Day varies each year.In an ideal,fully sustainable world,we should only spend what we have.This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December31,or perhaps even spill into the following year,indicating that we are saving some resources for a rainy day.That did happen in1961,when we only consumed three-quarters of what the planet produced.

Unfortunately,the day has been going up rapidly since2014when it fell on August19.In2015,it was August 13,and this year,the earliest so far—August8!The only way to sustain this demand would be to have1.6earths, which as we all know,is not possible.

Fortunately,experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds.Many countries are already taking steps to reduce carbon emissions,which accounts for60%of our ecological footprint,by switching to solar or wind-generated power.

Individuals can also help by eating less meat,walking,biking,or taking public transportation,as well as adopting the three R’s:Reduce,Reuse,and Recycle.If we all work together,we can help push back Earth Overshoot Day to December31,or even beyond!

27.What is the best title for the passage?

A.A Warning:Earth Overshoot Day

B.A Celebration:Earth Overshoot Day

C.A Reminder:Reduce,Reuse,and Recycle

D.An Advertisement:Global Footprint Network

【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Overshoot Day。今年在八月八号我们就已

经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Overshoot Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。

【答案】A

冲关模拟训练

题组一

Passage1（2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考试）

话题词数难度参考用时正确率说服他人的艺术277★★★☆☆5分钟

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you,just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.According to the ancient Greeks,there are three basic tools of persuasion:ethos,pathos and logos.

way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy,honest and reliable.One common Ethos is a speaker’ｓ

way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.After all, you’re

more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

way of connecting with an audience's emotions.For example,a politician who is trying Pathos is a speaker’ｓ

to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.These words are intended to fill the audience with fear,thus making them want to vote for him.Similarly,an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity,so they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts,statistics or other evidence to support your argument.An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims.Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply

saying“believe m e”．

Although ethos,pathos and logos all have their strengths,they are often most effective when used together.So, the next time you listen to a speech,watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money,be on the lookout for theseancient Greek tools of persuasion.

1.What is the purpose of persuasion?

A.To advise somebody to support you.

B.To help someone have special skill

C.To convince somebody to realize his aim.

D.To talk someone into being honest.

way of convincing the audience to trust him?

2.What is a speaker’ｓ

A.Pathos.

B.Ethos.

C.Logos.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,cation.

3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?

A.Both prevent themselves from being hurt.

B.Both save people from terrible wars.

C.Both make the audience support them.

D.Both persuade people to donate money.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.Convince the Audience

B.Three Basic Tools of Persuasion

C.Believe Me

D.Strength of Persuasion

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括

ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。

1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agreewith you,just like

art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。

3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example,a politician who is trying to convince an audience to

vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a

terrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly,an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity,so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或

者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都

想让听众支持他们。故选C。学科@网

4.B【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中

不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最

佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。

Passage2（2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考）

话题词数难度参考用时正确率一片红色的叶子327★★★☆☆6分钟

He was there every morning,sitting motionless on the front steps of his house.In the morning light,I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.

Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class.We were new to the

know many of my neighbors.On one beautiful autumn morning,as we passedhis neighborhood so that I didn’ｔ

house,my daughter called out to him,“Hi,M r.Man!”Always the outgoing child,I wasn’ｔ

surprised at her

back.

look at her and say“Hi”

enthusiasm.But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’ｔ

want to say hi to her.Because As we continued on our walk to school,my daughter asked why the man didn’ｔ

later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car have an answer,I said simply,“Maybe he is having a bad day.”

I didn’ｔ

accident.

house on our way to school,my daughter called out“Hi Mr.Man!”

A few days later,as we approached Bob’ｓ

respond.But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf.She and as usual,he didn’ｔ

continued up one step and handed it to him.I held my breath.

As she skipped back to me,she said,“See you tomorrow,Mr.Man!”This time,he acknowledged her.In a soft gentle voice,he thanked her and said,“See you tomorrow.”

From then on,Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning.Our friendship with Bob continued for many years.But,the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughter’ｓ

high school graduation.Bob gave my daughter a gift---a book on identifying various plants and trees.There,tucked in the pages that described an oak tree,was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr.Man when they first met.He had dried and pressedit and kept it all

those years.

1.What puzzled the girl?

sadness

A.The cause of the man’ｓ

eyes

B.The shadows in the man’ｓ

sitting still on the steps

C.The man’ｓ

not answering her greeting

D.The man’ｓ

2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?

A.Proud

B.Nervous

C.Embarrassed

https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,fortable

3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?

A.It was a care from a girl

B.It was a symbol of enthusiasm

C.It was a reminder of his painful days

D.It representedthe knowledge of trees

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.A Simple Red Leaf

B.A Strange Neighbor

C.An Unusual Friend

D.A Greeting From A girl

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总会给他打招

呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的时候，这次得到了答复。

多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给

他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。

1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’ｔ

look at her and say

want to say hi back.及As we continued on our walk to school,my daughter asked why the man didn’ｔ“Hi”

have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故to her.BecauseI didn’ｔ

选D。

3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知当时

Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选A。

4.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使故事得以发

展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选A。

Passage3（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班模拟考试）

话题词数难度参考用时正确率转基因食品348★★★☆☆5分钟

Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods(GM foods).GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms(有机体),which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques.These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change.For many people,the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental,ethical,health and safety problems.Particularly in countries with long farming traditions,the idea seems against nature.

In fact,GM foods are already very much a part of our lives.They were first put on the market in1996.A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,st year was the product of biotechnology,according to the Department of Agriculture.More than65million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.The genetic genie is out of the bottle.

However,like any new product entering the food chain,GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.In wealthy countries,the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from,and a supply that goes beyond the needs.In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations,the matter is simpler and much more urgent:do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?

The statistics on population growth and hunger are https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,st year the world's population reached6 billion.The UN states that nearly800million people around the world are unhealthy.About400million women of childbearing age don't have enough iron,which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency,a leading cause of blindness.

How can biotech help?Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are

caused by crop damage attributable to drought,poor soil and crop viruses.

1.The passagemainly talks about________.

A.the world's food problem

B.the development in biotech

C.the genetically modified foods

D.the way to solve food shortages

2.According to the passage,GM foods________.

A.will replace naturally grown foods

B.are far better than naturally grown foods

C.may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition

D.can cause serious trouble in developing countries

in Paragraph2probably

3.The underlined sentence“The genetic genie is out of the bottle.”

means that________.

A.GM foods are available everywhere

B.the technology in producing GM foods is advanced

C.genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers

D.genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets

4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Cautious.

C.Disapproving.

D.Unbelievable.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。

1.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about

可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。

genetically modified foods(GM foods).”

2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals

可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。学科&网with better nutritional values.”

4.B【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However,like any new product entering the food chain,GM foods

可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作must be subjected to careful testing.”

者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。

Passage4（2018届安徽省江淮十校高三联考）

话题词数难度参考用时正确率

和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加352★★★☆☆6分钟

The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn28years old was to be living at home ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher.However,Hipp has racked with her parents.All she’ｓ

up(累计)$100,000(about0.67million yuan)in student loan debt and isn’ｔ

able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.

To some degree,multigenerational households have always been a part of American life.However,the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.

The Pew Research Center recently reported that2016was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of

young adults in the US.Until2016,the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their

own property as part of a couple.UBS Financial Services,a Swiss global financial services company,released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their want them to leave.The report shows that74percent of millennials(千禧一代)get some kind of family doesn’ｔ

financial support from their parents after https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html,lennials see their parents as peers,friends and mentors(导师).

In return,their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood,helping fund everything for them. Stuart Hoffman,chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US,said“Although job growth for millennials since2014has improved,that doesn’ｔ

necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest,he said.“They may like living at home and being able to save money.”

He added,“While it has held back household formation and purchases on things,they are probably traveling

much more common for adult

know if it represents a change in moral values,it’ｓ

more and eating out more.I don’ｔ

homes becauseit’ｓ

becoming part of the culture.”

children to live in their parent’ｓ

story?

1.What’ｓ

the purpose of Caitlin Hipp’ｓ

view.

A.To prove the author’ｓ

B.To introduce her situation.

C.To present the topic.

D.To make readers rethink about the problem.

2.What does the underlined part(Paragraph1)probably refer to?

A.live with parents

B.live independently

C.stay at home

D.leave home

3.According to Hoffman,which of the following is true?

necessary for millennials to leave the nest.

A.It isn’ｔ

B.They can spend less money on their daily life.

C.Moral values are changing gradually.

D.Young adults are living in a different life style.

the main idea of the passage?

4.What’ｓ

A.Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily?

B.Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?

C.Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults?

D.Why do more adults treat their parents as peers,friends and guides?

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一

社会现象。

1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However,the number of adults who have been moving back in with

可知，文章开头举Caitlin their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.”

Hipp的例子就是为了引出本文话题——越来越多的美国青年倾向于和父母同住。

much more common for adult children to live in their parent’ｓ3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it’ｓ

可知，霍夫曼认为现在的年轻人和父母同住是一种很正常homes becauseit’ｓ

becoming part of the culture.”

的社会现象，这是不同以往的，说明年轻人的生活方式发生了变化。

4.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第二段中的“However,the number of adults who have been

moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily”

可知，本文主要介绍了在美国，现在和父母同住的年轻人的数量持续增加这一社会现象。

题组二

Passage1(2017届河北省衡水中学高三下学期第三次摸底考试)

话题词数难度参考用时正确率如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人★★★☆☆5分钟

We had a TV series in London.One of our fellow TV presenters seriously upset the camera crew when they arrived at his house.He was rude and unconcerned,treating them like lowly workers.Minutes later,when the camera was turned on,he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be.But,as the crew told us later,he had already shown them that he didn't walk his talk.

In contrast,Ed was meeting with Jo,our TV producer,in a small London cafe.If you have ever been to London you'll know that in such cafe the tables are very close.Two well dressedAfrican men sat down next to them,which effectively meant they were sharing the same table.Ed asked the two strangers where they were from and one said,"South Africa."The man pulled out his business card—his

name was Jacob Zuma who,at that time, was the President of the ANC but is now the President of South Africa.

Usually,if you sit next to someone in a big city cafe,you don't even make eye contact,let alone conversation.Jacob had never met Ed before so he could have been distant and polite,he certainly didn't have to talk,let alone maintain communication,which he did over the following few years.He even hugged him!

How we walk our talk shows far more than just our public behavior.Rather,it highlights how we view the

the fairness,consideration and respect world and our place in it.Jacob Zuma showed us how he treats others—with

that he treats all beings.No matter who we are,whether a street cleaner or a president,we are all equal,here together as one human family.

1.What can we learn about the TV presenter?

A.He felt upset before the camera.

B.He was known for his being impolite.

C.His deeds didn't agree with his words.

D.He pretended to be polite to the camera crew.

2.Which word can best describe Jacob Zuma according to the text?

A.Friendly.

B.Humorous.

C.Generous.

D.Serious.

3.Why did Ed go to the small London cafe?

A.To film a TV series.

B.To interview Jacob Zuma.

C.To meet with a TV producer.

D.To observe people's public behavior.

4.What is the text mainly about?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/371485738.html, presenters are often too proud.

B.There still exists inequality in society.

C.I.earnedpeople are more likely to be polite.

D.People should treat others with equal respect.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们的谈话方

式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊

重地对待别人。

1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段二、三句He was rude and unconcerned,treating them like lowly workers.

Minutes later,when the camera was turned on,he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly

known to be.可知，这位电视节目主持人对待同事粗鲁不礼貌，当面对镜头，他就成了众所周知的完美

的精神形象。因此推断他是一个言行不一的人。故选C。学科*网

3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In contrast,Ed was meeting with Jo,our TV producer,in a small

London cafe.可知，Ed去咖啡馆是为了见一个电视节目制片人。故选C。

4.D【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们

的谈话方式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平

的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人。故选D。

Passage2(2017届四川省双流中学高三模拟考试)

话题词数难度参考用时正确率

奶奶一家的故事330★★★☆☆6分钟

On Christmas Eve,1944,my grandmother urged my uncle,then12years old,to slip out of the concentration

camp where they were imprisoned near15miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram.“People a re charitable

Grandma Lili said to her son,Gyuri.“Ask f or some food.Anything they can spare.Tell around Christmastime,”

them that we’re on the edge of starvation.Tell them that your3-year-old sister can not get off the bed becauseshe’ｓ

outgrown her shoes.”

In the dark of that night,Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram,the

closest town.He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door.A woman opened that door.She was

probably alone,her man far away,fighting in the war,her children asleep in their beds.The12-year-old pieced

together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.

“Come back tomorrow,"whispered the woman.The next day,my uncle returned.The woman opened the door with a smile.She piled his hands with bread,clothing,a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks.The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother.After putting on the socks and shoes that fit,my mother got off the bed in delight.Her ragged shoes were passedon to a younger child who was also living in the camp. They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp.It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.

In April1945,my mother,uncle and grandmother were liberated.And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some28miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.

To the unknown giver,I thank you.In the desperation of a cold and snowy land,when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life,especially for Jews,you gave them hope and comfort.

1.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?

A.Get permitted to go out.

B.Receive food and clothing.

C.Express what his family needed.

D.Celebrate Christmas in the camp

2.Why doesthe author mention shoes so many times?

A.To prove the truth of the story.

B.To help the development of the story.

attention to the story.

C.To attract readers’

D.To make clear the background of the story.

3.What feeling did the author write the text with?

A.Desperation

B.Gratefulness.

C.Excitement

D.Sorrow.

4.What is the passagemainly about?

A.Light in darkness

B.Peaceto common people

C.Courage in face of danger

D.The influence of Christmas

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了1944年圣诞前夕，奶奶一家在集中营里日子艰难，迫不

得已12岁的叔叔秘密走出集中营去附近的村庄求助，一位善良的女士给予了他们一家一些物质上的帮助。

这位好心人的善举给了过着暗无天日的日子的奶奶一家不仅是物质上的帮助还有对未来的希望，最终一家

人坚持到光明的到来。

2.B推理判断题。开始提到鞋子是Gyuri妹妹没有合脚的鞋穿是他逃出集中营求助的原因之一，Gyuri的妹

妹有了合脚的鞋后，小了的鞋就被送给了集中营里的一个比她小的孩子，而Gyuri的妹妹穿着好心人送的鞋迎来了自由，一家人走向了新生活，鞋子贯穿这个故事，因此推断作者多次提到鞋的原因是为了

有助于故事的发展和文章主题的升华。故选B。

4.A【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是文章最后一段可知，在积雪覆盖的寒冷的冬天，人们封闭自己，

死亡比活下去更容易的情况下，这位善良的人不仅给予了奶奶一家物质上的帮助，而且给了他们希望

和抚慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓励他们走向新的生活。因此推断这篇文章歌颂了黑暗中人性光明的一面。

故选A。学科*网

Passage3(2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考）

话题词数难度参考用时正确率吃的少会使你长寿321★★★☆☆6分钟

If you want to slow aging,you might want to eat less.This finding is good news---if you were a mouse.The researchers studied mice,not people.

John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice.One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate.Their diet had35percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.

Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were“more e nergetic and suffered fewer disease.”

They were not just living longer but seemedto stay younger for a longer period of time.

The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells.But with fewer calories,they slow down.This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.

energy to make those proteins.Price The researchers say ribosomes use from10to20percent of the cell’ｓ

when it starts to break down.However, wrote that“because of this,it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome”