中考英语语法精讲主谓一致教案

中考英语语法精讲主谓一致教案
中考英语语法精讲主谓一致教案

2017中考英语语法精讲:主谓一致

【教学目标】

熟练掌握语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近原则。

【教学内容】

语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;

主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1.当and或both... and...连接表示不同概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。

2.不定代词either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, som ething, everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Is there anything wrong with your bike?

你的自行车有什么毛病吗?

Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.

大家都为运动会做好了准备。

3.由each...and each...,ever...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Each boy and( each) girl was given a new book.

给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一本新书。

4.主语后接由with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,including,besides,like,except' but等词或短语连接的名词时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:

Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.

格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。

5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。

The number of students in our class is 32.

我们班学生人数为32。

6.“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+ of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:

Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。

7.由“a pair(a series...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;

“p airs( kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

A pair of gloves is lying on the table.

一副手套放在桌子上。

Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.

每天能制作15双鞋。

8.一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants…)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

My pants were worn out.我的裤子穿坏了。

9.不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Reading is learning.读书就是学习。

常考点清单二意义一致原则

意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。

1.由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:

The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.

那位老师兼作家下周要给我们作报告。

The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.

那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。

2.表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词或词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:

Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。

3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:His family is going to move.

他家要搬走了。

4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

The police are helping a girl find her mother.

警察正在帮助女孩找妈妈。

5.算式中表示加法和乘法时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但减法和除法必须用单数形式。如:

What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?

6.one and a half的后面要接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式;o ne+单数名词+and+a half作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:

One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey.

= One cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey.

一个半蛋糕对这只猴子来说是一顿美餐。

常考点清单三邻近原则

有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与靠近它的名词一致,这种原则叫做邻近原则,又叫就近原则,邻近原则多用在不甚严肃的文体中。

1.由either... or..., neither... nor..., not only... but( also)…,not…but…或or 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:

Not only my parents but also I am lo oking forward to meeting my uncle,

不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。

2.There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.

在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。

常考点清单四倒装句

1. so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语如:so do I

neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语如:neither do I

(1)这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是“某人/物也是这样”。这种结构中的“助动词/be动词/情态动词”与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。如:

Lucy is a good student. So is Lily.

露西是好学生,莉莉也是好学生。

(2)这两种结构的不同点:

“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人或物,意为“……也……”。

“neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定

句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人或物,意为“……也不……”。如:

Tom watched TV last night. So did Ann.

汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。

Mary didn't watch TV last night. Neither did Jim.

玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。

2.There be句型

there be句型是表示“存在”的一个句型,是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句型。如:

There is a tree in front of the building,大楼前有一棵树。

3.副词开头的倒装句

以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子,如果主语是名词,则句子要用倒装,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如:

There goes the bell.铃响了。

Here are some flowers.这里有一些花。

注意:如果主语是人称代词,就不必倒装。如:

Here y ou are. Here it is.

易混点清单

一、并列连词and连接并列主语的几种情况

1.两个或多个单数名词、不可数名词或代词并列共同作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Jim are going to Beijing tomorrow.

汤姆和吉姆明天将要去北京。

2.当and连接的两个名词指同一人或物(即and后无冠词)时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:The worker and writer is coming tomorrow.

那位工人作家明天将要过来。

3.当and连接的两个单数名词前都有every,each或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。其中,后一个限定词可省略。如:

Each boy and( each) girl is going to take part in the sports meeting next week.

每个男孩和每个女孩下周都要参加运动会。

二、either of, neither of, both of, neither... nor...,either...or...,both...and...连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式

Both of my parents are teachers.

我的父母都是老师。

三、“a number of/many/a few+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式:“the number of/a little/much+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

The number of people invited was fifty, b ut a number of them were absent for different reasons.

被邀请的人数是50,但是有很多人由于各种原因缺席了。

四、“one of+名词复数+单数谓语动词”表示“……之一”

One of the women is from America.

其中一位女士来自美国。

五、“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”与“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”结构“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人/物也是这样”;“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示“某人/物确实如此”,是对第一句话的进一步肯定,前后两句的主语是同一个人或物。如:

—Tom is an American.汤姆是一个美国人。

—So he is.的确如此。

六、复数形式单数意义的词作主语

形式为复数而意义却为单数的词,如news,works(工厂),或是以-ics结尾的学科名词,如physics,politics,mathematlcs等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

七、what从句作主语

what从句作主语,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:

What he wanted to know was why they didn't tell him.

他想要知道的是他们为什么不告诉他。

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