高考英语语法形容词和副词专题讲解练习含答案

形容词、副词的基本用法

(一)形容词是表示事物特征和性质的词类，通常在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语等。

1．形容词主要在下列动词后作宾语补足语：

(1)表示感觉的动词，如：feel, find, see等。

?She felt the palm of his hand wet with sweat.

她感觉他的手掌被汗水湿透了。

(2)表示致使的动词，如：get, have, leave, make, set, turn等。

?He got his shoes and socks wet.

他把鞋袜都弄湿了。

2．形容词有时也可作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，并不表示动作的方式。

?They started the experiment, hopeful for success.

他们开始作实验，相信一定会成功。

(二)副词表示动作、状态、特征等的性质(方式、程度、数量等)，或指出动作和状态的发生或存在的状况，因此副词的语法意义是多样的，副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。

1．作状语是副词的主要句法功能，作状语时它修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。

?He looked tired, so deathly tired.

他看起来累了，累得要死。

2．有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末，有时也可位于句首或句中。

?He is old. He works hard, though.

＝Though he is old, he works hard.

虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。

常见连接副词的用法：

3.

等。

?Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.

幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。

形容词、副词表示倍数的句型

1．A is (v.)＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

2．A is (v.)＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

3．A is (v.)＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height 等)＋of＋B

4．A is (v.)＋倍数＋that＋of＋B

5．A is (v.)＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as＋B

6．A is (v.)＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句

?This building is two times higher than that one.

＝This building is three times as high as that one.

＝This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

?The output of this year is 3 times that of 2014.

＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2014.

今年的产量是2014年的三倍。

?After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many cars in 2018 as the year before.

引进新技术后，这家工厂2018年生产的小汽车是去年的两倍。

?The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.

现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

形容词、副词的比较等级

(一)形容词、副词的原级比较

1．“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，

即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。

?Actually, Jack is as old as Jim. 事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。

?He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother. 他没有他弟弟跑得快。

2．当as...as 结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： ????

?

as ＋形容词原级＋a (n )＋可数名词单数＋as as ＋many ＋可数名词复数＋as as ＋much ＋不可数名词＋as

?Today is as busy a day as yesterday. 今天跟昨天一样忙。

?Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. 亨利的书没有我的书多。

3．“as ＋形容词原级＋as ＋具体数字”表示“高/深/多……达……”。 ?The temperature here is as high as 39℃. 这里的气温高达39摄氏度。 (二)形容词、副词的比较级

1．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)规则变化

成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以–ow，–er结尾的词。

(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的), wrong(错误的), excellent(优秀的), possible(可能的), empty(空的)等。

(2)不规则变化

2.

(1)比较级＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。

?Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.

在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。

(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。

?—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

—Why? It's far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.

——我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。

——为什么？它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。

(3)the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。

?The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patient's chances.

病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。

(4)the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。

?Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.

这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。 三、形容词、副词的最高级

1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among 等。 ?Bob's parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 鲍勃的父母想让他接受最好的教育。

2．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost 等。 ?This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。 3．最高级含义的其他表达法。

(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so...as ”结构表示最高级含义。 ?—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success? —Yes, absolutely! It couldn't be better. ——你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？ ——是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。 (2)比较级形式表示最高级含义。

比较级＋than ＋????

?

any other ＋可数名词单数 all (the ) other ＋可数名词复数 anything/anyone else

?Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. ＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. ＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class. 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。

4．the last 表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。?The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.

他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。 【知识积累】 形容词和副词的词性转换 1．常见的形容词后缀

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It took her nearly all week to figure it out but once she did, she realized it couldn't be more obvious.

解析句意：她花了差不多一个星期的时间去思考这件事，不过等她一想明白，她就发现这件事简直再明显不过了。形容词比较级和否定词连用表示最高级含义，即这是最简单的。

2．The concept of “Customer First”should be firmly(firm)rooted in the mind of every shop–assistant.

解析句意：“顾客至上”的理念应该被牢固地植根于每位店员的心里。副词作状语修饰动词rooted。

3．He had driven no farther(far) than ten miles when his race car broke down and he was soon behind the other competitors.

解析句意：他刚刚开了不超过十英里时，他的赛车就抛锚了，很快他就落后于其他竞争对手。far表示“具体距离”时的比较级是farther。

4．Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the company, I think, won't approve either of them, for they are unrealistic(real)．

解析句意：你的计划以及他的计划听起来是那么有创意，但我认为公司哪个也不会批准，因为它们不现实。从句意看空处要表达“不切合实际的”，因此应是unrealistic。

5．—Do you like this part of the town, the so–called desired area?

—On the contrary, it's the last area that I want to visit in town.

解析句意：——你喜欢这座城市的这一部分吗，所谓的期望区？——相反，这是我最不想参观的一个区域。last本意为“最后的”，引申为“the least suitable or likely(最不可能的)”。

6．Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustment period and the earlier(early) you start planning for it, the better.

解析句意：退休显然是一个非常复杂的适应期，你越早开始规划越好。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”是一个固定句式，意为“越……就越……”。

7．If there were no examinations tomorrow, we would have a much happier(happy) time tonight.

解析句意：如果明天没有考试，我们今晚会快乐得多。本句含虚拟语气，是虚拟与现实的对比，是比较关系，故用比较级。

8．It's likely that she will be absent(absence) from punishment, as our teacher has been convinced by her excuse.

解析句意：她很有可能不会受到惩罚，因为老师相信了她的借口。此处用形容词作表语表示主语的状态。

9．The doctors in Renji Hospital remain confident of a satisfactory(satisfy) surgery although there is some difficulty in ensuring the safety of both the patient and her baby.

解析句意：尽管同时保证病人及其孩子的安全有些困难，但仁济医院的医生们有信心实施令人满意的手术。修饰名词surgery要用形容词，satisfactory令人满意的，satisfied感到满意的，根据句意应用satisfactory。{

10．She believes that we have all become world citizens, due to technological advances like

internet and airplanes. And I couldn't agree more.

解析句意：她认为我们都因为网络和飞机这些科技的进步而成为世界公民，我完全赞同。形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义，I couldn't agree more我完全赞同。

11．We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less(little) polluted world.

解析句意：除非我们创造出一个污染更少的世界，否则我们永远都不可能指望有一片更蓝的天空。过去分词polluted充当形容词，修饰world，意为“被污染的”。由句意可知，应用less。

12．My brother was still studying late into the night while I was sound(sound) asleep.

解析句意：深夜时我哥哥还在学习，而我却睡着了。be/fall sound/fast asleep安然入睡，酣睡中，为固定搭配。sound可用作副词修饰形容词asleep; soundly也是副词，是修饰动词的，如：He was sleeping soundly.他正在熟睡。

13．As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative(alternation) energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.

解析句意：因为煤和石油越来越少，科学家正在探索利用替代能源的新方法，例如通过阳光、风力和水力发电产能。alternative可选择的，可替代的。此处作定语修饰energy。

14．Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible(access) to the kids.

解析句意：法兰克把药放在最上面的抽屉里，以确保孩子们拿不到。形容词作表语说明主语的状态。sth be accessible to sb某物能被某人拿到。

15．How much better(good) she looks without her glasses! She is gorgeous now.

解析句意：她不戴眼镜看起来好太多了！她现在真漂亮。根据下句可知此处应用比较级。

16．The incomes of skilled workers went up. Meanwhile, unskilled(skill) workers saw their earnings fall.

解析句意：技术工人的收入上升了，同时，非技术工人的收入下降了。unskilled与skilled 是一对反义词，形成对比。

17．I'm sure that your letter will get immediate(immediately) attention. They know you're waiting for the reply.

解析句意：我确信你的信将马上得到关注。他们知道你正等着回复。形容词作定语修饰名词attention。

18．It's high time you had your hair cut; it's getting much too long.

解析句意：你早该剪头发了，它太长了。much too修饰形容词或副词，表示“非常……，太……”。

19．Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more sensitive(sense) to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.

解析句意：跟他的姐姐相比，杰瑞对情感和关系问题更敏感，也更容易受其困扰。形容词作表语说明主语的特征。be sensitive to对……敏感的。

20．My brother is really diligent(diligence). He often works in his office far into the night.

解析句意：我的哥哥真的很勤奋。他常常在他的办公室工作到深夜。形容词作表语表示主语的特征。

21．I can never/not be a teacher. I'm not a very patient person.

解析句意：我永远不会当老师。我不是一个非常有耐心的人。根据句意，应填副词never/not，表示否定意义。

22．My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice as expensive.

解析句意：我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小很多，但价格是我们的两倍贵。“倍数＋as＋adj./ad v.＋as”是表示倍数的固定句式，此处省略了expensive后的as ours。

23．The children loved their day trip, and among all the activities, they enjoyed the horse ride most.

解析句意：孩子们喜欢他们的短途旅行，且在所有项目中，他们最喜欢骑马。根据句意，此处应该用most修饰enjoy，表示“最喜欢”。

24．The weather was so cold that I didn't like to leave my room.

解析句意：天气太冷了以至于我不愿意离开我的房间。此处是“so＋adj.＋that”的固定句式。

25．Tom does very well in computer studies and much to my joy, Jane does no worse(bad) than Tom.

解析句意：汤姆在计算机研究方面做得很好，使我高兴的是，简并不比汤姆差。根据than可以判断应用比较级。

26．Jack is late again. It is typical(type) of him to keep others waiting.

解析句意：杰克又迟到了。让别人等是他一贯的作风。It is typical of sb to do sth做某事是某人一贯的作风。

27．As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only occasionally(occasion)．

解析句意：因为他在一个边远的地区工作，所以他只是偶尔回去看望他的父母。occasionally偶尔地。

28．Last night Mr Crook didn't come back at the usual time. Instead,_he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.

解析句意：昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常的时间回来，而是见了几个朋友，在外面待到半夜。instead作为替代；反而。

29．He doesn't have much furniture in his room—just an old desk.

解析句意：他房间里没有什么家具——只有一张旧桌子。furniture为不可数名词，故用much修饰。

30．Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was still/yet able to make a phone call.

解析句意：尽管在事故中受重伤，但司机还能打电话。although...yet/still...尽管……，但仍/还……。

Ⅱ.单句改错

enters, the 1．Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the later

latter

former makes its exit.

解析句意：真爱和猜疑不可能共存：当后者进门时，前者就会离开。根据句意，应是前者和后者的对比，前者是the former，后者是the latter。

2．High technology has been used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became most

interested in the lessons.

more

解析句意：高科技已被用于教学。因此，不仅教师的精力得到节省，而且学生对课程更感兴趣了。此处是学生的现在和过去相比，故用比较级。

that the medicine has a good 3．His health is improving day by day. It is quite apparently

apparent

effect on his disease.

解析句意：他的健康状况正在逐日改善，很明显这种药对他的病有良好的效果。副词不能作表语。

4．She didn't allow the accident to discourage her. On the contrary, she began to work twice as hardly

.

hard

解析句意：她不允许这次事故使她气馁。相反，她开始加倍努力地工作。hardly几乎不，是具有否定意义的词，表示“努力地”应用hard。

5．Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short–term teachers, almost three times of the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressure.

解析句意：中国各地的一些学校预计今年将招聘50 000名大学毕业生做短期老师，接近去年招聘数量的三倍，来帮助减轻失业压力。“倍数词＋the＋名词(＋of...)”是表达倍数的一个句式，此处可以看作是．..three times the number of teachers that were hired last year的省略。

6．—You seem to be burning yourself out with so much work!

—Exact

. I'm dying for a thorough rest and a good workout.

Exactly

解析句意：——干这么多活，你似乎要累垮了！——没错。我渴望彻底的休息和好好的锻炼。副词作评注性状语。

7．Thanks for your last letter. I am pleasant

to hear all your new.

pleased

解析句意：谢谢你上次的来信。得知你的全部消息我很高兴。pleased感到高兴的；pleasant令人高兴的。

8．There are a few things more important to society than educating children and providing healthcare for families.

解析句意：没有什么事情比教育孩子和为家庭提供医疗保健对社会更重要的了。few 表示否定意义；而a few表示肯定。

9．Judging from what has happened here, it's high time that we should take effectively

effective measures to prevent this.

解析句意：从已经发生的事情来看，是到了我们应该采取有效措施来防止这种情况的时候了。形容词作定语修饰名词measures。

10．The supermarket attracted twice as many as customers in 2018 as the year before.

解析句意：超市在2018年吸引的顾客是前一年的两倍多。此处as是多余的，many修饰名词customers。

easy and affordable. A small step makes a big 11．It seems that green living is surprising

surprisingly

difference.

解析句意：似乎绿色生活是出人意料地简单可行，小小的行动就能带来很大的影响。副词修饰形容词easy和affordable。

to her mother.

12．It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood closely

close

解析句意：雨下得很大。小玛丽感到很冷，所以她紧紧地站近母亲。close 是指距离、场所等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。close to有“接近；几乎，大概，差不多”的意思。closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地；严密地；仔细地”等意思。

【拓展】一般来说，与形容词同形的副词通常取字面上的意思，表示具体的含义；以–ly 结尾的副词往往表示引申的意义或抽象意义，有时还带有一定的感情色彩。如：He threw the ball high into the air.他把球高高地抛向空中。(high 是指实际意义上的“高”)They spoke highly of his behaviour.他们高度地赞扬了他的行为。(highly 用作比喻意义“高度地”)

.

13．After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tiredly

tired 解析句意：经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。由句式结构看，and前后的词性应该一致，且形容词(短语)可作状语，表示主语的状态。

14．I haven't seen Ann for such

long that I've forgotten what she looks like.

so

解析句意：我已经很长时间没见到安了，以至于我都忘记她长什么样了。此处是so...that...结构，so修饰形容词long。

.

15．A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days or less

more 解析句意：只要不持续10天或更长时间，通常咳嗽是没有什么可担心的。or more中的or表示选择关系，不是构成固定结构，其后省略了days。

16．Running a company is not simple

a matter of hiring people—they also need to be

simply

trained.

解析句意：经营一家公司，不是简单地雇人就可以，他们还需要经过培训。simply不仅仅，作状语修饰整个句子。

. Shall we stick to our plan?

17．It looks like the weather is changing for the worst

worse

解析句意：看起来天气要变得更坏了，我们还坚持我们的计划吗？change for the worse 变坏，恶化，为固定搭配。

18．Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his well－known

one.

best－known 解析句意：说到在他写的所有歌曲中，我想这有可能是最有名的。根据句意可知，应用最高级。

19．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, so

creating a stable environment.

thus/therefore

解析句意：水能吸收和释放热量同时温度没有大的变化，从而创造一个稳定的环境。so表示“因此”时，是连词，但是creating a stable environment并非一个从句，因此用副词thus或者therefore表示因果关系。

20．There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is much

wisdom in this:

more

“Love me, love my book.”

解析句意：古谚说：“爱屋及乌”，但是“爱吾及书”这句却有更深的哲理。本句是对前后两句谚语进行比较，得出后一句谚语更有智慧的结论。

21．Of the two coats, I'd choose the cheapest

one to spare some money for a book.

cheaper

解析句意：两件大衣我选便宜的那件，省出钱来买一本书。根据of the two coats可知，是在两件大衣中选择，故用比较级。

22．—Do you need any help, Lucy?

—Yes. The job is no/no

more than I could do myself.

much/far

解析句意：——露茜，你需要帮忙吗？——是的，这项工作超出了我自己的能力。no

more than只不过；more than多于，超过，后接带有情态动词的从句，指“(某事)超出了……的范围”，前面加上much/far用于加强语气。

23．—How did you like your trip to Happy Valley Amusement Park?

—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was so far more interesting than I expected.

解析句意：——你觉得你的欢乐谷游乐园之行怎么样？——非常喜欢，它远比我想象的更有趣。far可以修饰比较级，so多余。

24．Atomic energy has been discovered for many years, but so far it has not been wide

widely used in industry or in our daily life.

解析句意：原子能已被发现多年，但至今仍未广泛用于工业或日常生活方面。副词作状语修饰动词used。

25．—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

—Yes, I've never been to a most

exciting one before.

more

解析句意：——晚会上玩得开心吗？——开心，我以前从未参加过比这个更令人兴奋的晚会。比较级用于否定句中表示最高级含义。

26．—What impresses you most about your hometown?

—The street, the width of which is four times that

it was eight years ago.

what

解析句意：——你对你的家乡印象最深的是什么？——街道，街道的宽度是8年前的四倍。“倍数＋what引导的名词性从句”是表达倍数的一个句式。

better understanding of the 27．After two years' research, we now have a very/very

far/much

disease.

解析句意：经过两年的研究，现在我们对这种疾病有了更好的了解。very不能修饰比较级。

beaten.

28．The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94. We were only narrow

narrowly 解析句意：篮球赛的最后比分是93∶94。我们惜败。narrowly勉强地，狭窄地，严密地，此处副词作状语修饰动词。

29．It's hard for him playing against me. I've got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to .

win so bad

badly

解析句意：他要和我竞争很难，我并不是为了获得什么而战，而他是这么地想要赢。badly非常，极度。

30．Greg got married lately

in life. He hadn't wanted to settle down before he met Mary.

late

解析句意：格雷格晚年才结婚。在遇到玛丽之前他都不想安定。late in life晚年，为固

定搭配。lately最近，近来。