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2016考研英语阅读文章时常用的五种结构对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是每个作者都有自己的写作目的。为了达到写作目的，一般考研阅读的文章都是采取特定的篇章结构模式，仔细分析历年考研阅读理解的篇章结构特点，发现命题人在编排文章时通常采用五种结构模式。
一、层层递进型
全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如in addition to， furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。
二、一枝独秀型
全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。
三、花开两朵型
文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。
四、现象--解释型
在现象--解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。
五、问题--解决方案型
在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。
除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有：
1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。
2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。
3.假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态度，说明作者对这一事物持正评价;反之持负评价。
总之，对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是套用一句老话："万变不离其宗"即文章都遵循了特定的篇章结构模式，在这些模式中采用频率最高的是"现象-解释型"型模式。这种模式的特点即提出问题(提出说明的事物或者现象)、分析问题(对事物或者现象进行说明)、解决问题(对说明的事物或者现象进行总结)。可见，如果我们熟悉了文章的篇章结构模式特点，对读懂文章和把握主题帮助极大，一般来说，我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同，其结构特点就会各异。因此，我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构，以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。
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英语阅读理解 ----篇章结构题 所谓的篇章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。在高考题中，这是一种较为新颖的考查方式，这里，我们将要探讨篇章结构题的解题方法。 一、篇章结构题的题干表现形式 1. What is the right order of the steps in doing ...? 2. The second paragraph is developed by ... 3. How is the passage mainly organized/ developed? 4. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ... 5. Which of the following picture shows the structure of the passage? 6. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ... 7.Which of the following best fits into paragraph 8? 二、篇章结构题的解答技巧 篇章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章或段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。要做好这一类题，主要解题策略常有： 1.了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种： 总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、 并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、 对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反). 2.了解文章的写作手法在高考阅读理解中主要考查 下定义(definition)：下定义（definition）就是解释某事物是什么，不是什么。 A pencil is an instrument for writing on paper． 用描述、举例或比较对比方法扩充定义
2016-2020年考研英语一真题阅读理解
2016 英语（一）阅读理解 Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially