新世纪大学英语综合教程第三版四第8单元课后练习及翻译

Enhance Your Language Awareness

Words in Action

▇Working with Words and Expressions

1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.

■Answers:

1) ensure2) exclude3) sustain4)

domestic 5) fundamental 6)

transparent 7) elastic 8) inherent 9) input 10) margin 11) reverse 12) potential 13) subsidies 14) restored 15) features 16) urged 2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.

■Answers:

1) is based on2) lived up to

3) account for4) has borne out

5) slow down6) act on

7) cash in on8) regardless of

9) on top of10) at their peril

11) in part…in part 12) in the name of 13) torn down

▆ Increasing Your Word Power

1 Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked with A, B,

C and D. You are to identify the one that needs correction. Write down the correct usage in the space provided at the end of each sentence.

▆ Answers:

▆Answers:

1) C (are→is)

2) C (scent→smell / odour)

3) B (is told→be told)

4) D (since→while/whereas)

5) C (deciding→decide)

6) A (takes→gives)

7) B (medicine→medical)

8) C (minutes→minutes’)

9) C (as well→as well as)

10) B (have usually→usually have)

11) D (while→when)

12) A (Viewing→Viewed)

13) D (seventh→seven)

14) B (said of→said)

15) C (progresses→progress)

2 Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic (多音节的) word by deleting one or more syllables, such as “prof” for “professor”, “copter” for “helicopter”, etc. A number of such abbreviations have been accepted in general usage. Now work in pairs and turn the clipped words into their original forms. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

3 Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in this unit. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.

▆

▇ Grammar and Rhetoric

The following sentences seem to be grammatically correct, but they are in effect faulty. Discuss in pairs why they are not acceptable and then improve them.

▇Answers for reference:

1) Reason: Wordiness

Improved: Before going to the supermarket, we made a list of the groceries we needed to prepare dinner.

2) Reason: Wordiness

Improved:A lot of research has been done to determine its causes.

3) Reason: Wordiness

Improve: Professor Smith knows a great deal about American history.

4) Reason: Dangling modifier

Improved: To finish the work on time, they have taken some new and effective measures.

5) Reason: Dangling modifier

Improved: After I graduated from college,my father wanted me to pursue my education in the United States.

6) Reason: Dangling modifier

Improved: Having been bitten by a mad dog, the boy was cured by the doctor with a new kind of medicine.

7) Reason: Split infinitive

Improved: Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly so that she can return to the more interesting novel she has been reading.

8) Reason: Random shift of the verb tense

Improved: Professor Smith has worked in the university for over twenty years and (has) published many books.

9) Reason: Not parallel

Improved: He told us to look at the picture and to tell him what we found.

10) Reason: Not parallel

Improved: She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.

11) Reason: Dangling modifier

Improved: To get ready for the trip, I put all the things I needed into a suitcase the previous night.

12) Reason: Not parallel

Improved: Dictionaries can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs.

Cloze

▇Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.

呼吁“包容性的”全球化

▇ unit 8 cloze:

(1) manifestation(2) lies(3) promoting(4)

minds (5)recognize (6)benefit (7)

economic(8) denied (9) excluded (10) prosperity(11) imperative

(12) assistance(13) fostering

(14) triumph(15) separate

Translation

1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions

given in brackets.

■ Answers for Reference:

1) Those people yearn for the days in

the past because they don’t think

they can benefit from the current policies.

2) Terrorists will make no distinction

between races, nations or regions when they carry out acts of terror. 3) The invention of paper was one of

the great contributions Ancient China made to human civilization, and we should take pride in it.

4) The teacher suggested that the

students analyze these problems in a different light so as to find a solution as soon as possible.

5) In recent years, some developed

countries have been robbing developing countries of their natural resources in the name of

globalization.

6) Legal English is a special register of

English. Its distinctive features distinguish it from literary language and other practical styles.

7) The company cashed in on its ri val’s

difficulties by doubling its investment in this area.

8) When he wrote The Declaration of

Independence, Thomas Jefferson was firm in the belief that all men were created equal.

9) He has served the public

whole-heartedly for many years, regardless of his personal gain or loss.

10) Experts have long been concerned

about the implications of population growth for economic development of the world.

2 Translate the following passage into English.

■ Answers for Reference:

It is commonly understood that globalization has been driven by liberalization policies and technological advances. Its role is to increase the flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level.

In fact, globalization is a

double-edged sword. It has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people really benefit from globalization while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. To address the division between these two groups of people, Annan suggested a solution,

i.e., to pursue an inclusive

globalization. He believed that dialogue can triumph over discord, and that opening markets and promoting cooperation can ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.

Theme-Related Writing

▇Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My View on Globalization”. Your writing should cover the following points:

1) the advantages of globalization

2) the disadvantages of globalization

3) your view on globalization

▇Sample essay:

My View on Globalization

Globalization has brought us immense benefits. It helps realize our dream of a prosperous world. It boosts the world economy by opening global markets, smoothing the flow of capital and commodities, and increasing productivity and employment opportunities. In addition, the concerted efforts globalization motivates in areas like fighting against terrorism, environmental protection, health, and education have also contributed to the wellbeing of humanity.

However, there are always voices against globalization. Some people accuse multinational corporations of providing unfair and unsafe working conditions, using cheap labour, exploiting natural resources and causing ecological damage. They also

criticise globalization for not only modernizing but also westernizing native cultures. They also argue that globalization leads to the spread of epidemics and diseases.

In short, globalization is a double-edged sword and we must handle it with care. We must set up rules and regulations as well as sound supervising systems. If it is well handled, globalization will surely serve humanity.

(155 words)