虚拟语气与各种句型
虚拟语气与各种句型
一、I wish句型中的虚拟语气
I wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。其动词形式有三种：1. 动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望。2. 动词用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 3. 动词用would/should +动词原形，表示与将来事实很可能相反或不可能实现的愿望。如：
I wish I were a doctor.
我希望我是一名医生。
I wish you hadn’t given him my telephone number.
我真希望你没把我的电话号码给他。
I wish you’d come back before Christmas.
我多么希望你在圣诞节之前回来。
[典型考例]How I wish every family_________a large house with a beautiful garden!(NMET02上海春)
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
二、If only句型中的虚拟语气
If only引导的句子表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”。其用法和I wish 的句型基本相同，只是更具感情色彩。在If only句型中，动词用过去式，表示一种意愿或假设；动词用过去完成式，表示希望出现和过去事实相反的情况；动词用would +动词原形，表示一时很难实现的愿望。如：
If only I had more time to think about it!
但愿我有更多的时间去考虑它。
If only the explosion had not happened!
爆炸要是没有发生就好了。
If only he had not eaten so much sugar!
要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。
[典型考例1]If only he_________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET2000上海)
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
[典型考例2] Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_________your advice. （NMET’03 上海）
A. followed
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. should follow
三、“It’s (high) time that…”句型中的虚拟语气
“It’s time that...”句型表示“该是……的时候了”，谓语动词用一般过去式，有时为了强调，在time之前加high一词，表示“早该是……的时候了”。如：
It’s time somebody taught you how to behave yourself.
该有人教你如何接人待物了。
It’s midnight; it’s (high) time we went bed.
半夜了，我们该睡觉了。
It’s (high) time that we did something to stop pollution.
到了我们采取行动制止污染的时候了。
四、would rather /sooner句型中的虚拟语气
would rather/sooner句型表示“宁愿”，谓语动词用一般过去式表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。如：
I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather he hadn’t been so rude in the past.
我但愿他不曾那么粗鲁。
五、so that / in order that...句型中的虚拟语气
在so that / in order that...引导的目的状态从句中常用should/ might/could +动词原形表示虚拟语气。如：
She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her.
她大声说话为了能让每个人听到。
They went to the seaside in order that they could enjoy their vacation together.
他们去了海边为了能享受一起度假的乐趣。
六、as if / though 句型中的虚拟语气
在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示和现在事实相反或有所怀疑；用过去完成式表示对过去事实的假设。但是，如是表示的情况是真实的或实现的可能性很大时，句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。如： He is running about as if he were mad.
他跑来跑去像疯了似的。
He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.
他看上去似乎对此一无所知。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天要下雨了。
He talks as if he is drunk.
他说起话来好像醉了。
[典型考例]When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_________.(NMET95)
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
七、in case/for fear句型中的虚拟语气
in case表示“以防万一”，for fear表示“唯恐，免得”，由它们引出的句型中，通常用“should +动词原形”构成。如:
Take some money with you in case you should need it.
随身带点钱，以防万一。
He put his overcoat over him for fear （that） he should catch cold.
他披上大衣，怕感冒。
He is working hard for fear （that） he should fall behind.
他努力工作生怕落在人后。
八、but that句型中的虚拟语气
but that表示“要不是……”，由would/should+动词原形构成谓语。如：But that he saw it (If he hadn’t seen it ), he wouldn’t have believed it.
要不是亲眼所见，他真不敢相信。
But that he helps (If he didn’t help), I should fail.
要不是他帮忙，我肯定不及格。
九、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气
有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，遇到这种情况，就要根据不同的时间概念，适当调整主句和从句的动词。如：If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.
如果我们早点动身，现在就不会在雨中行走了。
If I were you, I w ouldn’t have watched TV last night.
假如我是你的话，我昨晚就不会看电视了。
If the doctor hadn’t come, the patient would be dead by now.
要是大夫不来的话，病人现在就会死了。
[典型考例] It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I
_________in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home-town (NMET02上海)
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
十、“If it were not for...”句型中的虚拟语气
“If it were not for...”句型意为“如果没有……”，“要不是”，用“should/would +动词原形”表示同现在事实相反的虚拟语气；“If it had not been for...”句型意为“如果当时没有……”，谓语动词用“would +完成式”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
If it were not for the rain, the crops should / would die.
如果没有雨，庄稼就会死了。
If it had not been for your timely help， I would have failed.
如果当时没有你及时的帮助，我会失败的。
十一、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
在英语虚拟语气中，有时表示假设的虚拟条件不一定都有明显的虚拟条件从句，而是利用某些词、短语或通过上下文表现出来。常用的词或短语有：with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。如：
Without air, there would be no living things.
没有空气便没有生物。
But for their help，we couldn’t get over the difficulties.
要是没有他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。
He is not a careful driver, otherwise he wouldn’t have had that accident.
他不是个细心的司机，不然的话他不会出那个事故。
He would have given you more help, but he was so busy.
他本会给你更多的帮助，但是他那时太忙了。
[典型考例1] Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Other-wise， she_________something she would regret later. （NMET96上海）
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
[典型考例2] Without the air to hold some of the sun’s he at, the earth at night_________, too cold for us to live.（NMET97 上海）
A. would be freezing cold
B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold
D. can freeze coldly
十二、独立主格结构中的虚拟语气
在独立主格结构中也经常用虚拟语气，表示一种遗憾。如：
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.
要是考虑周密的话，他们会很快提高产量的。
All things considered, the price would be reasonable.
如果全面考虑，价格可能是合理的。
十三、倒装句中的虚拟语气
如果条件从句中含有were, had, should或could,可以省略连词if,把这些词放在主句之前构成倒装句。如：
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
假如我是你的话，我课后就多做练习。
Had you invited us, we should have come to your party.
要是你邀请我们的话，我们就会来参加你的聚会。
十四、公式化的句型中的虚拟语气
在一些公式化的句型中的虚拟语气是由动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数的一致）或may +主语+动词原形（经常倒装）构成，表示一种祝愿。如： Long live the friendship between us！
愿我们的友谊常青！
May God be with you！
愿上帝与你同在！
May you succeed！
祝你成功！
（注：本文中下划线选项为答案。）
练一练：
1. He is talking so much about America as if he_________there.
A. had been
B. has been
C. was
D. has gone
2. Our former maths teacher moved to Beijing last year, otherwise, he_________us.
A. would still have taught
B. would still be teaching
C. will still teach
D. should still teach
3. Had you listened to the doctor, you_________all right now.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
4. If it were not for the fact that you_________ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were
B. had been
C. are
D. should be
5._________your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received
B. Should I received
C. Had I received
D. If I could have received
答案: 1. A2. B3. C4. C5. C
情态动词句型(高中英语复习)
情态动词和不带to的动词构成谓语，有多种句型，是中学阶段语法要点。现将主要的由情态动词构成的句型归纳如下。
1. must be / can not be：―must be‖句型表示对现在状态的肯定推测，而―can not be‖句型则是它的反义句型，表示对现在状态的否定推测。例如：She can't be forty. She must be fifty.（她不可能四十岁，她肯定是五十岁。）
He can't be ill. He must be tired.（他不可能病了，他肯定是累了。）He must be an engineer. He can't be a doctor.（他肯定是位工程师，他不可能是医生。）
It must be Wednesday today. It can't be Tuesday.（今天肯定是星期三，不可能是星期二。）
It must be your tie. It can't be mine.（这肯定是你的领带，不可能是我的领带。）
2. must be doing / can not be doing：―must be doing‖句型表示对现在正在发生的动作的肯定推测，而―can not be doing‖句型则是它的反义句型，表示对现在正在发生的动作否定推测。例如：
He must be sleeping. He cannot be reading.（他现在肯定在睡觉，他不可能在看书。）
They can't be listening to the radio. They must be watching television.（他们不可能正在听收音机，他们肯定正在看电视。）
She can't be typing. She must be playing the piano.（她不可能正在打字，她肯定正在弹钢琴。）
We must be driving at 50 miles an hour. We can't be driving at 60 miles an hour.（我们的车速现在肯定是每小时50英里，不可能是每小时60英里。）
He must be joking. He can't be serious.（他肯定在开玩笑，而不可能是认真的。）
3. must have done：表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过）。
He must have been a doctor, for he knows medicine so well.（他过去肯定是一位医生，他对医学如此了解。）
Somebody must have stolen the ring.（肯定有人偷了这枚戒指。）[该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在过去。]
The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night ,because the water is frozen all over.（昨夜的温度肯定降到零度以下，因为水都冻住了。）
如果'must + have + 过去分词'句型与by now连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作，例如：They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now.（他们今晨很早就出发了，现在肯定已经到了。）
中国学生的常见病句是：They…; they certainly have arrived.病句的句义是―他们当然已经到达了。‖（这不是对过去的肯定推测，而是断定动作已经完成。）
4. can (could) not have done：表示对过去的动作或状态的否定推测，这是句型⑶的反义句型。
They can't have lost the way. They've been to the zoo before.（他们不可能迷了路，[因为]他们以前去过动物园。）
He can't have been ill yesterday. He must have been tired.（他昨天不可能病了，他肯定是累了。）
You can't have left your purse in the glass cabinet. You must have mislaid it somewhere else.（你不可能把你的钱包放在玻璃柜里，你肯定把它错放在别的地方了。）
It can't have been Wednesday the day before yesterday.（前天不可能是星期三。）
句型⑶和句型⑷常常连用，例如：
Two hours ago two visitors came to see you. They must have been American. They can't have been Russian.（二小时以前有两位来客要见你，他们肯定是美国人，而不可能是俄国人。）
You must have mailed the letter. You can't have lost it.（你肯定已经把信寄了，而不可能把信丢了。）
5. can / could have done：主要用于疑问句和感叹句中，could比can 词义婉转，表示过去/现在完成的一种可能性推测。（注意：不一定肯定，有时还带有很大程度的否定推测。）
Where can /could she have gone?（她会去了哪里？）
How could he have forgotten me?（他怎么会忘记我？）[句外之言：他不太可能会忘记我。]
How can /could he have done such a foolish thing?（他怎么会干出这种蠢事？）
注意，如果把上句的标点改为感叹号，意思大变，即：他怎么会干出这种蠢事！（表示气愤、谴责）
could have done用于肯定句中表示过去有此能力，然而事实上并没有干，例如：
He could have won the big prize, but he gave up the chance.（他本来可以赢此大奖，但是他却放弃了机会。）
You could have done your work better.（你本来可以把工作干得更好。）[这句话带有指责语气]
6. must have been doing：表示对过去进行或者过去完成进行的肯定推测。但是确切的时间概念却很难分清，因为过去进行的时间概念也包涵在过去完成进行的时间概念里。
At four o'clock this afternoon you must have been watering the flowers in the garden.（今日下午四点钟，你肯定正在花园里给花浇水。）[这是对过去进行的肯定推测]
You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour when that policeman waved to you.（那位警察向你挥手示意时，你肯定在以每小时70英里的速度开车。）
I must have been dreaming when the teacher called me.（老师叫我时，我的思想肯定在走神。）
She didn't hear the telephone. She must have been sleeping.（她没有听见电话响，她肯定在睡觉。）
7. can not have been doing：这是句型⑹的反义句型，表示对过去进行或者过去完成进行的否定推测。
I can not have been watching TV at seven o'clock yesterday evening.
I was attending evening school.（昨晚七点钟我肯定没有在看电视，我在上夜校。）[这是对过去进行的否定推测]
句型⑺和句型⑹常有连用情况，例如：
They can't have been listening to the radio. They must have been watching television.（他们[那时]不可能正在听收音机，而是肯定在看电视。）She can't have been cleaning the table. She must have been sweeping the floor.（她[那时]不可能正在擦桌子，而是肯定在扫地。）
8. may have done：表示对过去的某一可能性的不确定的推测。注意，如果是肯定推测则用must have done，否则推测则用can not have done。──Mary's late today.
──Well, she may have missed the bus.（她也许没赶上那班公交车。）
He may have read about the traffic accident because it's in today's newspaper.（他也许已看到那件交通事故消息，因为今日报纸有报导。）
──do you think my answer was right?
──I'm not sure. It may have been right.（你[那时]的答案也许是对的。）
──We could not find John in the house.
──He may have been at a local café.（他也许在附近的一家咖啡馆里。）
9. may have been doing：表示对过去进行或者过去完成进行的不确定推测：
──Do you think he was repairing the car?
──I'm not sure. He may have been repairing the car.（我不敢肯定。他[那时]也许正在修理小车。）[从上句可以推断，下句是对过去进行的不确定推测。]
──Was she cleaning the plates?
──I don't know. She may have been cleaning the plates.（他[那时]也许正在洗盘子。）
──What had he been doing since eight o'clock?
──I'm not sure. He may have been painting the room.（他[过去]
也许一直在油漆房间。）[这是对过去完成进行的不确定推测。]
10. might have done：表示一种隐含的否定或者轻微的谴责。例如：Peter might have helped you if you'd asked him.（如果你向彼得求助的话，他可能会帮助你的。）[这是否定，意即：你并没有向彼得求助。]
You might have been more careful. Now all the plates are broken.（你应该小心一些，现在盘子都打碎了。）[这是指责]
You might have given me at least a bouquet of flowers on Valentine Day.（你在情人节至少可以送我一束鲜花。）[意即：那天你并没有送给我鲜花，故我在生你的气。]
―might have done‖句型和―may have done‖（句型⑻）有区别，请比较：He may have got our letter.（他也许收到了我们的信。）[可能收到，也可能没收到。]
He might have got our letter.（他或许收到了我们的信。）[本句带有较强的怀疑口吻，即很可能没有收到。]
11. ought to / should have done：表示过去该做而事实上没有做的某件事，即未完成某项义务，有悔恨（第一人称）、指责（第二、第三人称）口吻。
I ought to have bought that enclopaedia, but now it's not available.（[那时]我应该买下那套百科全书的，可是现在却买不到了。）[有悔恨之意。] I should have taken your advice, but it's too late.（我本该听从你的劝告，可是现在已追悔莫及了。）
You failed in so many courses. You should have worked hard.（你有这么多课目考试不及格，你本应该努力学习。）[意即：现在你可后悔了。这是批评]
You should have handed in your work report last week.（你应该上星期就交上你的工作报告的。）[意即：上星期你并没有交上你的工作报告，有批评之意。]
He should have helped us. (but he didn't.)（他本来应该帮助我们。）[即：他事实上没有帮助我们。]
12. ought not to / should not have done：表示过去不应该干的蠢事或者无意义的事，事实上却干了。这是句型⑾的反义句型。
Oh, you're soaking wet. You shouldn't have gone out in such heavy rain.（啊，你浑身湿透了。你不应该在下这么大雨的时候外出。）[意即：下大雨时外出是件不明智的事，然而你却出去了，故淋湿了只能怪你自己。]
He oughtn't to have gone near that bull.（他本不应该走近那头公牛。）[意即：他却走近那头公牛，结果他被撞伤了。这是他自己愚蠢莽撞所致。]
She shouldn't have spent so much of her time on her appearance.（她本不应该把这么多的时间化在打扮脸容上。）[这是指责]
He oughtn't have ruined his constitution by drinking and smoking.（他本不应该酗酒、吸烟而毁了身体。）[意即：由于他酗酒、吸烟，他身体垮了。]
13. need not have done：表示不必要的过去动作。这个句型与ought not to/ should not have done（句型⑿）有区别，后者明显带有责备的意，而本句型仅仅表示过去干的事没有必要，但既然干了，也无伤大雅。有时也有轻微的委婉的批评之意。
I needn't have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.（我本不必要给他写信，因为他后来不久就给我打电话来了。）[意即：信不一定要写，无此必要性。]
You needn't have bought the T-shirt. You already have at least five T-shirts.（你本不必要买这件T恤衫，你至少已经有了五件T恤衫。）[带有轻微指责]
He needn't have left for the airport so early. The plane will take off at ten o'clock.（他没必要这么早就去了机场，飞机要到十点才起飞呢。）
由情态动词组成的句型较多又复杂，以上所列的是常见的、又较易混淆的句型。笔者祈望本文能对学生复习迎考有所帮助。
英语句型之省略句用法讲解省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式
（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的
让步状语从句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a
long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）
二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，
一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，
there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形
成倒装句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中，谓语动词常用―should+动词原形‖，should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定
式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
随讲随练1、—Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes?
—____，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours.
A. It doesn't matter
B. That's kind of you
C. I'm afraid not
D. I guess so
2、—Hey，taxi!
—_____
—I want to go to the dentist's.
A. Good morning, sir.
B. Nice to see you, sir.
C. Where to, sir?
D. What are you going to do, sir?
3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately.
A. be operated on
B. operated on
C. was operated on
D. would be operated on
4、When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.
A. left to hang
B. left hanging
C. left hung
D. to leave hanging
5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them____.
A. understand him
B. to be understood
C. be understood
D. to understand him
6、—Are there any English story books for us students in the library?
—There are only a few, ____.
A. if any
B. if have
C. if some
D. if has
8、—Does Betty know where her violin is?
—She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____.
A. whose
B. it
C. whom
D. which
9、—Aren't you the manager?
—No, and I ____.
A. don't want
B. don't want to
C. don't want to be
D. don't
10、—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as____.
A. plans
B. planning
C. planned
D. to plan
11、—What's the matter with you?
—I didn't pass the test, but I still____.
A. hope so
B. hope to
C. hope it
D. hope that
12、The doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain.
A. save
B. to save
C. saving
D. saved
13、—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ___, too.
A. likes
B. does
C. is
D. do
14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise.
—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ____.
A. not
B. to
C. not to
D./
15、____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
省略句练习
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)
A. Anything
B. Something
C. All
D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his
work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)
A. Something
B. All
C. Both
D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done
for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)
A. something
B. anything
C. all
D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show
B. show
C. showing
D. showed
15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. /
B. to
C. so
D. that
17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing to
19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not
B. Were
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)
A. anyone
B. anyone else
C. no one
D. no one else
虚拟语气的几个常见句型
虚拟语气的几个常见句型 河北安新中学田姝晨 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。常见的用法有以下几种： 一. if 引导的虚拟语气 1. 表示与现在事实相反或假设的情况 If I were you，I would take his advice. 如果我是你，我就会接受他的建议。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会有生命。 2. 表示与过去事实相反或假设的情况 If I had got there earlier, I could have met her.如果我早一点到那的话就能见到她了。 If he had followed my advice, he would not have made such a big mistake. 如果他听了我的话，他就不会犯这么大的错误了。 3. 表示与将来事实相反或假设的情况 If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it should rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我们的野餐将要被推迟了。 注意：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词是had, were 或should 时，可以将if 省略并把had, were或should提前。如：
(完整word版)虚拟语气及答案
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反 I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型: 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过 去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时 即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you. 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓 语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词 提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that 5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. But for your help, I would not have succeeded. II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况: 1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request. His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence. The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day. 2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc. It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
虚拟语气例句
2012届高考英语语法虚拟语气精讲精练习题（有答案） 文章来 源莲山课 件 w w k 虚拟语气 情况从句 的动词主句 的动词例句 与现 在事 实相反动词的过去式(be动词一律用were) would/could/should/might ＋动词原形 If I had time，I would attend your party. 如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。 If I saw him now，I would be very happy. 如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。 与过 去事 实相反 had＋过去 分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词You didn’t let me we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired. 你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。 与将来 事实 相反动词的过去式；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形 would/could/might/should ＋动词原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。 注意：(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 Had you taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。 (2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。 If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在) (3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。 Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。 But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。 I was busy that I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day，
虚拟语气句型
虚拟语气 一、if 引导的虚拟条件句（表示与事实相反的假设）： 现在：If+主语+过去式/were ，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 过去：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 过去式/were 将来：If+主语 + should + 动词原形， 主语+should/would/could/might +动词原形 were to + 动词原形 另外：有些词，如：or ／otherwise （否则）；without （没有）；but for （要不是……）等，表示一个隐含的条件，所用的虚拟语气与if 引导的虚拟条件句结构相同 注意：if 引导的虚拟条件句中，谓语部分含有were ／had ／should ，可将引导词if 省略，并将were ／had ／should 提到句首。 二、wish 之后接的宾语从句（表示不可能实现的愿望）： 过去式/were （现在） Wish +（that ） had + 过去分词 （过去） would/could/might +动词原形 （将来） 三、as if/as though 常与seem/look/appear 等动词连用，表示“看起来似乎……好象……”；以及if only 表示“要是……该多好啊”所用的虚拟语气结构与wish 结构相同； 四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用： 1、表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”、“坚持”等词后所带的名词从句用虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 记忆口诀： insist 2、动词 order +（that ）+ 主语+ advise/suggest/recommend （宾语从句） require
虚拟语气常见句型
1.对过去的虚拟If sb. had done sth, sb. would have done sth 2.对现在的虚拟If sb. did sth, sb. would do sth 3.对将来的虚拟If sb. did sth, sb. would do sth If sb. were to do
sth, sb. would do sth If sb. should do sth, sb. would do sth 4.错综虚拟条件句(if+过去完成时, sb. would do sth) If the doctor had come sooner last
night, Tom would be alive today. If you had studied hard at that time, you would be a key university student now. 5.虚拟条件句,从句可以省略if,
但谓语动词要部分倒装. 6.含蓄虚拟条件句标志性词汇: without (如果没有), but for (要不是), otherwise/or (否则) ***if条件句可以与without/but
for互相转换，意思相同。 7.表示建议\要求\命令等动词以及相应的名词引导的名词性从句,通常跟should结构. Insist/suggest/ad vise/command/or der/urge/recomm
end/require/requ est/propose that sb. should do sth ***insist做“认为”讲时,相当于think, 不用should结构. Suggest 做“暗示,表明”讲时,相当于imply, 不用should结构.
高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见句型------
高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见 句型 虚拟语气的用法归纳虚拟语气的三种时态 高二英语虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的常见句型。高中家教班老师整理出知识点，虚拟语气：什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、
order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟高中家教班老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)
主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
人教版英语专项训练常见虚拟语气最全总结
人教版英语专项训练常见虚拟语气最全总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A．were, would B．am, will C．was, would D．were, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我班里的一个学生对我说：如果我是数学老师，我会使数学学习更简单有趣，而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity. A．have B．had C．will have D．would have 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意:-如果你有一百万美元你会做什么？-我会把它捐给慈善事业。have 有；had 过去式；will have 一般将来时；would have 过去将来时。根据句意可知，这 里表示的是一个假设的问题，在if引导的条件状语从句中应该用虚拟语气，动词用过去式，故选B。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 3．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
常见的虚拟语气句型
常见的虚拟语气句型 一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中 1．与现在事实相反的虚拟语气形式 If＋主语＋动词的过去式（be要用were）……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋动词原形。 2．与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式 If＋主语＋had＋过去分词……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋have＋过去分词。 3．与将来事实相反的虚拟语气形式 If＋主语＋动词的过去式（或were to ＋动词原形, 或should ＋动词原形）……, 主句主语＋would（或should, could, might）＋动词原形。 二、虚拟语气的其它句型 1虚拟语气用在动词wish带的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词形式为: ①谓语动词用过去式（be用were）表示现在的情况。 例如: I wish I didn't have a cold. 但愿我没有感冒。 ②谓语动词用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 例如: I wish I had seen you yesterday. ③谓语动词用would（或could, might）＋动词原形表示将来的情况。 例如: I wish you could come tomorrow. 但愿你明天会来。 注: as if（＝as though）引导的从句和if only后面所跟的句子也要用虚拟语气, 其形式和动词wish所带的宾语从句的形式相同。 例如: When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. If only I had followed his advice. 若是我听了他的劝告就好了。 2用介词短语（without..., but for... ）、副词（otherwise）表示某种假设的情况, 相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。 例如: Without electricity human life would be quite different today. 3虚拟语气用在It ＋be ＋important（necessary, strange, natural）＋that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。 例如: It is necessary that he be sent to the hospital at once. 4虚拟语气用在It ＋be ＋time ＋that clause句型中, that clause的谓语动词应为“动词的过去式（be用were）或should ＋动词原形”。 例如: It is time that he went（should go）to bed. 他睡觉的时间到了。 5. 虚拟语气用在order, ask, suggest（建议）, demand, request, insist（坚持要）等动词后面的宾语从句中, 宾语从句的谓语动词应为“（should ＋）动词原形”。 例如: He suggested that she start/ should start at once.
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
虚拟语气句型
常用虚拟语气句型 1．if条件句 条件状语从句可分为真实条件句，即条件满足，事实就发生的情况；和非真实条件句，即与事实相反或难以实现的假设情况。虚拟语气的基本句型，即是这种非真实条件状语从句。 If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late. If I were to do it, I should do it at once. 【说明】 ①在非正式英语中，条件从句中的第一、第三人称单数主语后可用was代替were。 If I was you, I would accept the invitation. ②主句中的would可用于各种人称，而should只用于第一人称。 ③在主句中也可用情态动词could，might代替would，should。 If I had had enough time, I might have done it better. ④条件从句中的谓语动词含有were，had，should时，可以省略从属连接词if，然后采 用倒装结构，把were，had，should移到主语前面。 Should you pass this way, do drop in for a visit.= If you should pass this way,…… Had I known it, I wouldn’t had made such a silly mistake.= If I had known it,…… Were it left to me to decide whether I should have a job immediately or go on to study at college, I wouldn’t hesitate a moment to choose the latter.= If it were left to me to decide…….. ⑤在同一个句子中不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件。 [误]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I should stay home. [正]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I shall stay home. [正]If my grandfather were to come tomorrow, I should stay home. ⑥有时，条件和结果发生的时间不一致，动词形式便要作适当调整，变成错综时间条件句。 If you had taken the medicine, you would be well now. If he were honest, he would had told us the truth. If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have a good harvest in autumn. 2．介词或介词短语without/ thanks to/ but for +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语 Thanks to the man’s timely rescue, the child would have been drowned. Without the sun and water, nothing would live.
虚拟语气十大句型
虚拟语气的十大句型 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1．条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： 句型1：If ＋主语＋过去时，主语＋ should (could, would, 或might) ＋动词原形 (1) If I were you, I would study hard. (2) If it rained, I would not be here now. 2．条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为： 句型2：If ＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋ should（could, would, 或might）＋ have ＋过去分词 (3) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. (4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3．条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为： 句型3：If ＋主语＋过去时/ should ＋动词原形/ were to＋动词原形，主语＋ should (could, would, 或might) ＋动词原形 (5) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. (6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. (7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1．If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。
虚拟语气与各种句型
虚拟语气与各种句型 一、I wish句型中的虚拟语气 I wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。其动词形式有三种：1. 动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望。2. 动词用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 3. 动词用would/should +动词原形，表示与将来事实很可能相反或不可能实现的愿望。如： I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是一名医生。 I wish you hadn’t given him my telephone number. 我真希望你没把我的电话号码给他。 I wish you’d come back before Christmas. 我多么希望你在圣诞节之前回来。 [典型考例]How I wish every family_________a large house with a beautiful garden!(NMET02上海春) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 二、If only句型中的虚拟语气 If only引导的句子表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”。其用法和I wish 的句型基本相同，只是更具感情色彩。在If only句型中，动词用过去式，表示一种意愿或假设；动词用过去完成式，表示希望出现和过去事实相反的情况；动词用would +动词原形，表示一时很难实现的愿望。如： If only I had more time to think about it! 但愿我有更多的时间去考虑它。 If only the explosion had not happened! 爆炸要是没有发生就好了。 If only he had not eaten so much sugar! 要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。 [典型考例1]If only he_________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET2000上海) A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie [典型考例2] Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_________your advice. （NMET’03 上海） A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 三、“It’s (high) time that…”句型中的虚拟语气 “It’s time that...”句型表示“该是……的时候了”，谓语动词用一般过去式，有时为了强调，在time之前加high一词，表示“早该是……的时候了”。如：
虚拟语气分类
按考点分类练习
10. If the plane crashed, we . A. would all kill B. will all be killed C. would all have been killed D. would all be killed 11. ______ more carefully, she wouldn't have made so many mistakes. A. If she listened B. If she listens C. If she has listened D. Had she listened 12. If he had taken my advice, he a scientist now. A. will be B. is C. has been D. would be 13. ______ , we would have visited the museum then. A. If it does not rain B. Should it not rain C. Had it not rained D. If it has not rained 14. Should it stop raining, I ___ f or a walk. A. had gone B. went C. would have gone D. would go 15. ______ he try again, he might be successful. A. Could B. Might C. Must D. Should 16. If the teacher hadn't explained it to me, I the problem so well. A. would never be understood B. had never understood C. would never have understood D. will never have understood 17. —Why didn't you buy that dictionary —I _________ i f I had had enough money. A. would B. would have C. have bought D. had bought 18. If Jane hadn't missed the early train, she on time, but she was late. A. will arrive B. would arrive C. would have arrived D. had arrived 19. ______ , he would be surprised. A. Were Tom to see you B. Were Tom see you C. If Tom is to see you D. If Tom has seen you 20. But for your help, I the place. A. can't find B. can't have found C. couldn't have found D. haven't found 21. ______ I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had 22. ______ , I wouldn't do that. A. If I am in your place B. Were I in your place C. If I have been in your place D. If I am to be in your place 23. ______ , I should paint the room white. A. If I have been you B. If I would be you C. If I will be you D. If I were you 24. If you were offered a trip to the moon, you _______ it A. will... accept B. are... going to accept C. do... accept D. would... accept 25. —Alice, why didn't you come yesterday —I ________ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would have C. was going to D. B or C Keys: 1-5 BACBC 6-10 AC DAD 11-15 DDCDD