“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕。”鲁迅《自题小像》原文翻译与赏析

“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕。”鲁迅《自题小像》原文翻译与赏析
“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕。”鲁迅《自题小像》原文翻译与赏析

“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕。”鲁迅《自题小像》原

文翻译与赏析

灵台无计逃神矢,风雨如磐闇故园。

寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕。

我怎么做也不能从心中割舍游子对祖国故土的眷恋,

祖国故乡在风雨飘摇的浓重黑暗之中。

把希望寄托于民众,但民众还没有觉醒,他们对我的希望还不能理解,

我把我的鲜血敬献给祖国,誓为中华民族的解放而牺牲。

《自题小像》是现代文学家鲁迅创作的一首七言绝句。这首诗的第一句作者倾吐自己内心蓄积的爱国感情,第二句叙述自己爱憎的原因,第三句总括前两句内容,并作了转折,流露出感到同胞未醒的苦闷忧虑,尾句是为国献身的誓言,表达了作者同帝国主义列强斗争的决心和为国捐躯的精神。

全诗诚挚恳切,雄健激昂,结构严谨。

鲁迅是我国现代著名的文学家、思想家和革命家,是新文化运动的先

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翻译:雪 (鲁迅) Translation: Snow (Lu Xun) (translated: alexcwlin; edited: adam.L) 暖国的雨,向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。 All along rain in the warm Southern Region of China has not been changed into ice-cold and solid-hard dazzling snowflakes. 博识的人们觉得他单调,他自己也以为不幸否耶? Erudite people feel snowflakes are just too simple and dull. Do snowflakes also think likewise that they are so unfortunate? 江南的雪,可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息,是极壮健的处子的皮肤。 The snow in Jiangnan is so very moist and striking. It inconspicuously reveals signs of youth and is as vivacious as a virgin’s skin. 雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶,白中隐青的单瓣梅花,深黄的磬口的蜡梅花; Snowfield abounds with blood-red camellias, greenish-white single-layer-petal plum blooms, and darkish-yellow wintersweet flowers. 雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有; Underneath the snow there are chilled greenish weeds. Butterflies definitely have vanished. 蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜,我可记不真切了。 Are bees coming to gather nectar of camellia and plum flowers? I can’t remember with certainty. 但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中,有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着,也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。 But in front of my eyes I seem to be looking at winter flowers blossoming in snowfield. Swarms of bees are busy flying around and buzzing. ************************************************************* 孩子们呵着冻得通红,像紫芽姜一般的小手,七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉。 Children are blowing warm breath on their cold reddish hands looking like purple-colored ginger. Seven to eight of them get together to make a snow Buddha. 因为不成功,谁的父亲也来帮忙了。罗汉就塑得比孩子们高得多, When they fail, someone’s father comes over to help. The Buddha is taller than the children. 虽然不过是上小下大的一堆,终于分不清是壶卢还是罗汉;然而很洁白,很明艳,以自身的滋润相粘结,整个地闪闪地生光。 Even though it is a snow pile with a big bottom and a small top, in the end it is hard to tell whether that is a Buddha or a gourd. However it is very white and beautiful. It sticks together well with its own moisture and glistens bright. 孩子们用龙眼核给他做眼珠,又从谁的母亲的脂粉奁中偷得胭脂来涂在嘴唇上。这回确是一个大阿罗汉了。他也就目光灼灼地嘴唇通红地坐在雪地里。 Children uses longan pits as eyes and put rouge sneaked from a mother’s cosmetic box on lips. This time they really have a big Buddha sitting on the snow ground with beaming eyes and rouge lips. ************************************************************* 第二天还有几个孩子来访问他;对了他拍手,点头,嘻笑。但他终于独自坐着了。晴天又来消释他的皮肤,寒夜又使他结一层冰,化作不透明的水晶模样; A few children visit him on the next day. They clap hands, nod, and laugh. But finally he has to sit alone.

从目的论的角度解析鲁迅的翻译策略

117覃忠盛(1950—),男,广西宜州人,河池学院中文系高级讲师。研究方向:现当代文学。 作者简介: 参考文献: [1]林语堂.林语堂名著全集?第10卷[M ].长春:东北师范大 学出版社,1994. [2]陆梅.试论林语堂的人生哲学[J ].大连海事大学学报,2002(4). [3]刘文浩.余秋雨散文中的文人形象及精神[J ].湖北经济学院学报,2007(7). [4]司马晓雯.论余秋雨散文的双重对话[J ].华南师范大学学报,2006(3). [5]余秋雨.余秋雨文集?A 卷[M ].南海:南海出版公司,2003.[6]葛培贤.林语堂现代小品文创作渊源浅析[J ].中央社会主义学院学报,2007(4). 而老庄之精神在焉”的明证。“天人合一”是老庄哲学的最高境界,也是林语堂最为推崇的,他用“性灵”来代替“天人合一”,强调了人对无穷自然的认知的局限性和人的精神生活的丰富性,还将明代公安派的“性灵说”融入进来,讲究“独抒性灵,不拘格套”,注重作者内心的真情实感的表达,将传统“淡雅”进行了革新。 余秋雨所处的背景则不同,中国自20世纪80年代初对新中国成立前后作家的美学理想和话语方式的清算之后,散文从原来的题材、观念中走向新领地,转向抒发作家的自身观照和个人性灵,主张精神和个性的解放。但又不免走向了另一个极端,散文被等同于抒情美文,认为散文就应精美、雅致、玲珑,拘泥于身旁琐事和个人隐私的叙说,于是“小女人散文”大量涌现,感性有余、理性不足,柔媚有加、厚重缺乏,精英文化逐渐失落,知识分子阶层面临着人文精神的失落和理想价值消解的危机。余秋雨感叹:“做不成现代人是悲哀的,斩断了自己的生命根源的现代人,就更悲哀了。”他毅然辞去上海戏剧学院院长的职务,自觉肩负起一个文化精英历史的及现实的使命:“我是个文化人,我生命的主干属于文化,我活在世上的一项重要使命是接受文化和传递文化。”在那纷乱、喧嚣、浮躁的年代,他将自己关在书斋,以古籍为伴,静心探寻民族文化的命脉,认真反思中国文化内在的生命力及其结构性缺陷,成就一系列“雅正”散文。 林语堂和余秋雨,作为两代文化精英的代表,同具尚“雅”审美取向,鉴于所处文化背景不同,林语堂取向消极遁世的“淡雅”,余秋雨 117 引言 鲁迅的翻译是我国翻译史上一笔宝贵的财富,其中涉及翻译理论中的很多方面,但常有不少人因为鲁迅所提出的“宁信而不顺”的口号而对其加以质疑和诟病,但是从“目的论”的角度来看,为了达到特定的翻译目的,译者可以采取任何翻译策略。因此本文将从“目的论”出发,对鲁迅的翻译策略进行解析,以便人们能正确认识鲁迅的翻译。 一、目的论的基本思想“目的论”起源于20世纪70年代,由德国翻译理论家汉斯?维米尔创立,后来由克里斯蒂安?诺德继续发扬,属于功能主义学派。“这个理论的中心思想是,行动皆有目的,行动者参照实际环境选择一种他认为最合适的方式以求达到预期目标;既然翻译也是一种行动,所以译者也会在翻译目的的指引下,尽量考虑一切可能有关的因素,从而决定最合适的行动方式。”“目的论”强调,翻译是一种有目的的行为,因此,译者就不是纯粹意义上的译文文本作者,而是在一定社会和历史文化条件下,带着特定的目的与任务走进原作的译者。而原文目的与译文目的不一定会相同,在这样的情况下,“目的论首要关注的是译作的目的,这个目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译方法和策略,才能产生功能上可满足需要的结果”。这样一来,译者所追求的就不是与原文“等值”的译文,而是能达到译文与译者目的的文本。在“目的论”目的决定策略的观照下,只要能达到预期目的,不管是直译也好,是意译也罢,各种策略皆可采用。根据“目的论”,评价译文的标准不在于译文在多大程度上忠实于原文,而是在于译文完成预期目的的适宜性,即译文是否达到了预期目的。同时“目的论”也将读者对象纳入考虑范围,认为译者在完成其翻译目的时,必定有其意向读者,因此翻译策略的制定也应考虑到意向读者。“目的论”的出现为我们解读一些译者的翻译观提供了有效的借鉴。 二、鲁迅的翻译目的与意向读者1.鲁迅的翻译目的鲁迅在翻译方面,“基本观念是既定的,那就是以思想启蒙和政治救亡为目的的功利翻译观”。简而言之,即是想通过思想启蒙来改造社会、救亡图存。而要想进行思想启蒙,文艺是较为有效的办法。关于这一点,鲁迅自己也说过,“我们在日本留学时,有一种茫漠的希望:以为文艺是可以转移性情,改造社会的。因为这意见,便自然而然的想到介绍外国新文学这一件事。”为了达到这一目的,鲁迅总是翻译一些弱小国家或被压迫民族的作品,意欲“传播被虐待者的苦痛的呼声和激发国人对于强权者的憎恶和愤怒……”。除此之外,鲁迅还站在改造中国语言的高度,想通过翻译来改造汉语。他一直认为汉语不够严谨,需要借鉴外语来丰富我国语言,所以鲁迅的译本,“不但在输入新的译本,也在输入新的表现法。中国的文或话,法子实在太不精密了,作文的秘诀,是在避去熟字,删掉虚字,讲话的时候,也时时要词不达意,这就是话不够用……要医这病,我以为只好陆续吃一点苦,装进异样的句法进去,古的,外省外府的,外国的,后来便可以据为己有”。“翻译,的确可以帮助我们造出许多新的字眼,新的句法,丰富的词汇和细腻的、精密的、正确的表现。” 2.鲁迅的意向读者 鲁迅提倡对读者进行分类,根据不同的读者采取不同的对策,同时他也认为在开始翻译时,就应确定自己的意向读者。他明确宣称,从目的论的角度解析鲁迅的翻译策略 作家评论 2009.09.B 田 玲 取向积极处世的“雅正”,虽然所取文化定位各异,但传递中华文明的文化人格却同质。

鲁迅与翻译的政治_任淑坤

上海翻译Shanghai Journal of Translato rs 2005No .4 [收稿日期]2005-05-10 [作者简介]任淑坤,女,河北大学外语副教授,现为南开大学博士生,研究方向:翻译理论与实践;王 慧,女,河北师范大学外语学院讲师,研究方向:英美文学。 鲁迅与翻译的政治 任淑坤 (河北大学外语学院,保定071002) 王 慧 (河北师范大学外语学院,石家庄050016) [摘要]翻译并非简单的文字转换活动,它与文化、意识形态、政治有着密不可分的联系。鲁迅在翻译中自觉为翻译定位,充分发挥译者的主体意识,使翻译既为政治服务,又不盲从政治,表现出翻译与现实政治之间的断裂与统一。从而,他为中国翻译事业的繁荣、文化的重构做出了不可磨灭的贡献。[关键词]鲁迅;翻译;政治;对立统一[中图分类号]H059 [文献标识码]B [文章编号]1672-9358(2005)04-0044-03 翻译的传统定义是把一国文字表达的意义用另一国文字进行转述。这往往给人以错觉:翻译是简单的文字转换活动。随着翻译事业的繁荣与多元发展的趋势,人们越来越意识到翻译已不再是与文化 体系、意识形态和政治斗争无关的语言活动,而是其冲突的工具和场所。在翻译过程中,源语中的词语、表达模式及思想,或者经过试用、筛选、淘汰而最终被译入语拒绝而告终,或者通过与译入语语言与文化的接触和冲突,最终在译入语中兴起流传,成为其活的语言的一部分。在从源语到译入语的过程中,一方面,由于语言差异,意义会不可避免地发生某些改变;另一方面,译入语也会根据自己的需要赋予它们某些新的意义。(刘禾,2002)翻译的政治在这个过程中体现得颇为明晰。 一 随着二十世纪翻译研究的文化转向,“翻译是一种政治行为”的论断越来越广为人知,“翻译的政治”这一术语也频频出现于字里行间。就目前所见,“翻译的政治”出现时通常包含以下三种含义。 其一,指“翻译对于译入语文化及社会所造成的冲击,以及因而带来的改变”。(王宏志,1999:263)1987年,王佐良先生在以“新时期的翻译观”为题的讲话中指出,对于翻译(史)研究,不仅仅要有简史、通史对事实的叙述爬梳,也要有结合文化、社会、历史等考察“由翻译引起的大的文化潮流或思想运动”。(王佐良,1989:2—6)西方翻译研究学派的研究成果为此提供了理论依据。理论模式与个案研究互动,用描述的方法,将翻译在特定民族文化中的功用作为聚焦点,由此,对翻译结果的关注成为了一种新的研究趋向。王克非教授的《翻译文化史论》,谢 天振教授的《译介学》,孔慧怡女士的《翻译、文学、文化》,王宏志先生的《翻译与创作》等都是在这方面的斐然成果,分别涉及了翻译给中国的语言文学、思想文化、社会状况等方面带来的变化,从不同的视角重新定位翻译。 其二,指翻译活动由于两种语言及其社会、历史、文化、翻译主体等的差异而导致的带有偏见或偏差的交流,这种偏见和偏差有可能是有意识的,也可能是无意识的。美籍巴勒斯坦学者赛义德在其力作《东方学》中阐发了存在于文学、历史、社会学等各个领域的西方话语霸权,希望能激发一种新的看待东方的方式,抛除西方对东方的固有支配模式。然而,赛义德自己也承认,除了存在于社会、语言、文学、历史等方面可以明确感知显性东方学外,还有建立在集体无意识之上的隐性东方学,后者的稳定性和持续性将“或多或少地永远存在”(赛义德,1999:262)。同样引人注目的还有男性话语霸权等。话语霸权在翻译中比比皆是,斯皮瓦克讲到过一个巴勒斯坦妇女的文学,经翻译,其行文竟似台湾男子的笔调。因此,只要存在性别差异,“只要存在着地域文化,便存在着翻译的政治问题”。(蒋桂琴,2002:134) 其三,翻译活动受到现实政治气候和个人政治取向的制约。翻译同文学一样,与政治同属于上层建筑。在上层建筑内部,政治是经济基础最直接、最集中的体现,因而对其他上层建筑形式的影响最为强烈。在政治开明、广开言路的时期,在社会变革、思潮纷涌的时期,文学和翻译活动也会比较繁荣;在文字狱盛行、思想受到禁锢而蛰伏的时期,文学与翻译活动也就处于低潮。翻译的政治还常常表现为译本的政治倾向、语言风格的选择等。五四时期的重 · 44·

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