2019年高考英语作文写作指南:英语作文高分突破

2019年高考英语作文写作指南:英语作文高分突破
2019年高考英语作文写作指南:英语作文高分突破

高考备考:英语作文高分突破

历年高考学生的英语作文得分情况都不是很理想,主要是高分档的人数不够多。有的同学作文里一个错误也没有,内容要点表达也比较完整,可就是上不了高分档,原因是什么呢?我们首先来分析一下高分档的给分范围和要求:

第五档(很好):(21—25分)

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

--覆盖所有内容要点。

--应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

--语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。

--有效地使用了语句间的连续成分,使全文结构紧凑。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

仔细研究以上要求,可以发现,要想英语作文得满分或接近满分,必须在以下几个方面下功夫。

1.内容要点的识别与表达。

2.复杂的语法结构和高级词汇项目的数量。

3.连接成分的有效使用。

现在我将就以上三个方面分别给予指导。

一、内容要点的识别与表达

一般来说,在完成下面两类作文时,内容要点的识别比较简单,根据表格写作文;用汉语给出内容要点的作文。只要作者把题目中明确指出的内容要点全部表达出来,就不会遗漏要点,但要注意要点的表达方式,不能把题中各要点逐条译成英语,使文章显得生硬不流畅。

学生要仔细分析,融汇贯通,在自己的写作中运用各种技巧,合理调整和安排内容要点的表达顺序和方式。

根据图画写作文就比较难一些,而这种题型又是考试频率最高的,千万不能掉以轻心,下面我结合教学实践和范文分析谈谈如何在图画中找到要点。

1.故事发生的主要情节是内容要点,要表达故事的主要情节,就必须学会观察图画,认真分析图画中的细节,弄清楚各幅图画之间的逻辑联系,通过合理想象,确定故事发生的主要情节。看懂图画是关键。

2.图画中出现的人物都是要点。

3.能推动情节向前发展的细节就是要点。

4.图画中出现的所有字句,无论是英文,还是汉语,都是内容要点,千万不要忽视。

5.图画中故事发生的背景是内容要点。背景包括时间、地点,天气等。一般通过观察图画中太阳的位置和时钟可以知道故事发生的时间。太阳刚爬上山坡,则说明时间为早上;太阳在偏东方向,则说明时间为上午;太阳正当空,则说明时间为中午,当太阳在偏西方向,则说明时间为下午,太阳快落下山坡,则说明时间为傍晚。

6.避免不合理想象。历年高考书面表达部分评分标准里“说明”部分都会有一条:“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。”紧扣主题的适当发挥不仅是可以容忍的,而且在许多时候是必要的。

二、复杂语法结构和高级词项目的数量

前面已经多次强调过,作文是对考生英语综合能力的一种考察方式。语法和词汇也是其考察的两个方面。考生的作文里如果有大量语法错误和词汇拼写、用法错误,那肯定是会受到惩罚——重重扣分的。如果所有句子都是对的,也没有词汇错误,那是否就能得高分呢?答案是“也不一定”。如果考生的作文里尽是简单的,短句,低级词汇,既使一个错误也没有,分数也只能在及格线往上一点,离满分的距离还非常遥远。而大多数的考生仍醉心于写出几个正确的句子来表意,结果分数总是不够理想。

这说明仅仅记住几条语法规则和几个词汇,而不会运用它们来造句作文,或没想到用它们来造句行文,只是一味地重复低水平的英语知识点,远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就

要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中,有意识地强化“复杂、高级”这两个概念,使自己的作文能区别于普通中学生的作文,使自己一下子就站在一个比别人高的位置上,充分显示自己的实力。

下面举几个例子来说明一下。先看词汇。

请大家试着用英语表达一下“我很惊讶”。

你的句子是“I am afraid”吗?或是“I am surprised”?

“I am afraid”是错误的。

“I am surprised”是对的。但请你再想一想,有没有能更加显示你水平的词汇呢?

“I am astonished.”

此句中,astonish的词汇等级比surprise要高,又完全能表达“惊讶”之意,用于此处,更能显示考生的词汇量,给评卷人留下良好的印象;同时,经常这样练习,考生的水平也确实会提高。

再举一个例子。请你用英语表达:

“自行车对人很重要。”

你的句子是“Bikes are important to people. ”吗?你是对的。但请看下面这句:

Bicycles play an important role in human life (as a traffic means).

再举一个例子:

听到人们说我很聪明,我非常高兴。

I was delighted to hear that people considered me intelligent.

你是怎么写的呢?

我还要强调一下背诵和使用成语、谚语、名人名言的作用。它们是英语的精华,是显示

考生英语综合素质的要素之一。考生应在这方面下一定功夫。例如:

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

Two heads are better than one.

To see is to believe.

All roads lead to Roam

另外还要学习使用明喻、暗喻、拟人、夸张等常见的修辞手段,以增加文章的文采。如:

Liu Fucheng is one of the top students in our class, but he is as proud as a peacock., so most of us don’t like him.

I’ll never forget the picture of those people’s life.

The match will soon be over, and defeat is staring at us in the face.

She’s dying to know who’s killed her dog.

再看语法。

中学英语所学的语法项目很多,要想在短短100字左右的短文中全部表现出来,当然是

不可能的。但是在文中表现出来的语法项目越多,越复杂,越能显示考生的语法知识水平。

因此在写作中,考生要尽可能使用多样化的句子结构,要尽可能使用多种不同的语法项目,

要尽可能使用复杂的语法项目。下面列举一些考生在写作中应给予特别关注的语法项目:

1.复合句(又称主从句)

2.倒装句

3.动词的非谓语形式:不定式、分词、动名词

4.虚拟语气

5.独立主格结构

6.强调句型

7.直接引语与间接引语

以上语法项目的正确使用是对考生实力的巨大挑战。请大家不要忘记:我们强调技巧,更强调实力。

三、连接成分

句子之间的连接手段多种多样,它们对于文章的完整性和连贯性,有着至关重要的作用。常见的句子之间的连接手段有:

1.使用代词指代上一句中的词。

2.重复使用上一句中的词。

3.使用连接词。

其中最重要的连接方式是第三种,即使用连接词。常见的连接词有:

1) 用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:

above before me here on the left

across below in the distance on the right

beyond nearby opposite to over

also further next to on top of

up down close to beneath

under around near to along

2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:

first, second, etc. soon eventually

in the meantime then suddenly

at the same time next early this morning / year / century after an interval now after

presently later afterward

somewhat later finally at last

all of a sudden at noon in the morning / afternoon / evening at noon at dawn at the weekend

on weekdays at birth at death

3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:

first, second, etc. now for this purpose

but as a result furthermore

finally at last moreover

also therefore likewise

another for example next

yet for instance on the contrary

once in addition in summary

such in this case on the other hand

then otherwise in conclusion

thus in closing

4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:

another furthermore moreover

equally important too, also at the same time besides then in the same way

in fact in addition to like, likewise

similarly as a matter of fact

5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有:on the contrary different from

on the other hand in contrast to

despite in spite of

yet, but whereas

unlike nevertheless

not only…but also here…there

years ago…today this…that

the former…the latter then…now

the first…whereas the second once…now

on the one hand…on the other hand some…others

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