初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句

初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句
初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句:陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句

一、陈述句

陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常

用句号,读降调。

1、肯定形式:主语+谓语+其他

The boy often helps others.

2、否定形式:

(1)be的否定式:be用作系动词时:主语+be+not+表语+其他

She is not a teacher.

be用作助动词时:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去

分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football.

(2)助动词、情态动词的否定

(3)除not外,其他否定词也可构成否定句:no、never、little、few、no one、nobody

nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to 二、感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。

1、what引导的感叹句

(1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is!

~

(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!What important jobs they have done!

(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What sweet water it is!

2、how引导的感叹句

(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is!

(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语!How useful a subject it is!

(3)How+主语+谓语!How time flies!

3、一些特殊形式

(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句

He runs so fast!

(2)用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子

!

Wonderful! Look out! Great!

(3)以there、here等副词开头的感叹句

There she is! There goes the bell!

三、疑问句

用以提问的句子较疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

1、一般疑问句

表示询问事物或者某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定否定回答。

(1) be+主语+其他

(2)助动词(情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他

回答:Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词

No,主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not

2、特殊疑问句

用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用Yes No

(1)疑问代词:what 、who 、which 、whose(谁的)、whom(宾格谁)

(2)疑问副词:when 、where、why、how

(3)疑问词组:how soon、how long、how far、how soon

3、选择疑问句

提出两个或两个以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句。

(1)一般疑问句+or+被选择部分

Do you like apples or pears

(2)特殊疑问句,+A or B

Which would you like better,tea or coffee

4、反义疑问句

(1) 陈述部分含有never、few、little、nothing、nobody、no、hardly、none、too...to等表示否定意味的词时,其反义疑问部分应用肯定形式。

There are few people in the room, are there

(2)陈述部分是There be 结构时,反义疑问句部分用be there

There is a tree in front of the building, isn’t there

(3)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时,反义疑问句部分主语用he或者they

Somebody wants to see you ,doesn’t he/don’t they

(4)当陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时,反义疑问句部分主语用it

]

Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it

(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时,反义疑问句主语用it;陈述部分的主语为these,those等时,反义疑问句主语用they。前肯后否,前否后肯。

This is a beautiful picture, isn’t it

Those aren’t your books, are they

(6)have /has 的情况

Tom has a new watch, hasn’t/doesn’t he (有)

Kate has to help her mother at home, doesn’t she (不得不)

They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they (吃,喝,玩,度过)

We had better stop talking, hadn’t we (最好)

Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasn’t she (在完成时中)

[

(7)need的情况

We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, don’t we (行为动词)

We needn’t leave at once, need we (情态动词)

(8)must的情况

They must come on time, needn’t they (必须)

That man must be Lilei ,isn’t he(表示推测,一定,想必之意)

(9)I am 形式

I’m right,aren’t I

(10)祈使句形式

Listen to me carefully,will/won’t you (肯定形式)

]

Don’t paly with fire, will you (否定形式)

(11)let’s let us开头的祈使句

Let’s go to the park, shall we

Let us help you ,will you

(12)陈述句部分若为主从复合句,反义疑问句部分的主语与主句的主语一致。

She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she

四、祈使句

祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原先,句末用感叹号或句号。

1、(1)肯定祈使句,以动词原形开头(省略主语) Come in! Be quiet!

(2)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do,表示“务必,一定”Do come on time!

2、!

3、否定祈使句

Don’t +动词原形

Let’s+not+动词原形

3、有时为了表示委婉语气,可在句末加please,用逗号隔开。

并列句

构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句

分类:表顺延、递进、转折、对比、选择、因果

一、表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词

and, both.....and, as well as, not noly...but also....,neither....nor...

二、表示转折或对比关系的连词

but, yet(然而),while(而)

三、表示选择关系的连词

Either...or.... 就近原则:动词与靠近它的人称、数保持一致

Or或者,否则

四、表示因果关系的连词

so所以,因此,于是,表示因果关系

for 因为,也表示因果关系

简单句并列句复合句(全)

根据句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构,He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and,but,or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and

she is a teacher. I liked the story , but he didn’t like it. Hurry up,or you will be late. 3 复合句 句型:主句+连词+从句 连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个从句的句子叫复合句。)

1).定语从句 2).状语从句 3).名词性从句 I don’t like the wa y (that, in which) he talked to me. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (of which t

he cover/the cover of which)

二、状语从句 1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常 由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I wil l be thinking of yo u.

2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1)as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时a s从句带有比喻的含

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

并列句、复合句和连词精选中考试题

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简单句并列句复合句

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初中英语语法名词篇

初中中考英语语法 (名词篇) 语法总述: 名词篇: 名词的种类:英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如:Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词,如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成,往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词,如the United States,the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange; 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式:

简单句,并列句,复合句

简单句、并列句和复合句 一句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句: 1) 简单句: 有时句子虽长, 但只有一个主谓结构, 仍是简单句, 例如: Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and work of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class. 有时一个句子有两个(或两个以上)并列的主语或谓语, 也仍然是简单句 There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work. Both the teachers and the students were very active in physical labour. Comrade Yang and I often study together and help each other. 2) 并列句: 一个句子如果包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就称为并列句。 He was always close to the people, and the people loved him. I didn't make any mistakes in the test, but my handwriting was poor. Some are walking by the lake, others are sitting on the benches and chatting. 并列的各个部分(即各个主谓结构)称为分句。各个分句用并列连词(如and, but 等)连接;在上下文紧密联系的情况下也可不用连词, 而以逗号隔开(如上面第三句)。 3) 复合句: I hope (希望) you will help me with my grammar. (作宾语) He took full notes while he read. (作状语) My idea is that we go by bicycle. (作表语) 这种作为一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从句(以别于主句,即全句的主要部分)。按照句法作用的不同,从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句等等。 注:如果一个并列句中某一分句是一个复合句,这种句子称为并列复合句。例如: He was very busy, but he said he would come. 二。状语从句 英语中带状语从句的复合句是很多的。状语从句有的表示时间,有的表示原因、条件等等,因此也可以分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句等等,例如: 1) 时间状语从句: After he finished school there, he went to the University of Kazan. We lived in the peasants' homes when we were in the countryside. She was in Nanjing before she came here. Every time the cock began to c row, he would shout: “Get up, you lazy bones!” 2) 条件状语从句: If you have any questions, write them on a slip of paper. 3) 原因状语从句: He didn't come to class because he was ill. 此外还有“结果”“目的”等等状语从句。状语从句大多数都由从属连词(如after, when, because, if 等)引起。由这种词引起的主谓结构不能成为独立的句子,只能作状语从句。连词在句中一般不重读,但在句首可以重读。 在使用状语从句时要注意: 1) 状语从句本身结构必须完整, 不能没有主语, 例如: After he took the medicine, he felt better. (吃了药之后他就感到好些了。) Come again when you have time. (有空的时候请再来。) 2) 状语从句如在主句的后面,可以不必用逗号隔开;如在主句之前, 一般要用逗号。例如: It was already eight o'clock when we got home.

并列复合句与状语从句

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