2019届高考英语二轮复习考前纠错之书面表达：写作应试技巧

写作应试技巧

书面表达是一个综合性题目，要求考生根据所给图画、图表、提纲(或者开放性)等，运用所学知识将提示信息组成句子，句子连成段，段连成篇。它不断要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识，而且有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。它也是一种融形式、文体、交际三位于一体的试题，所考查内容都体现在表达和传递信息的交流能力，因此，书面表达有交流性、实用性、合理性等特点。

近几年来高考书面表达正在一步步地向考试要考语言运用能力这一方向改进，并采用了新的评分标准，因此要求考生语言的准确性和得体性，注重上、下文连贯，注重表达方式多样化。新的评分标准提倡考生使用高级词汇和复杂句式，运用过渡性词汇增强文章连贯性。如果考生在表达中只是运用了简单句，虽然表达了要求的信息，那么得分也不会高。因此，近几年高考要求考生掌握词汇要丰富，句式表达要复杂，适当地使用情感性语言。

1. 图画作文要求考生首先仔细观察，读懂图意，抓住要点，按图片顺序编拟提纲，同时要注意图片所给的时间、背景等相关信息，确定写作的人称、时态和语态。在写作时还要适当地使用一些关联词、过渡句来加工润色，使文章层次清楚、通顺畅达。这种作文的难点在于要求考生能自己编拟出合适的要点，并且表达上要连贯。

2. 图表作文要求考生能分析把握该图表要表达的内容，确定主题，然后从图表中归纳出相应要点来写作。这种作文能有效考查考生的篇章结构组织能力，要求写作具有逻辑性。

3. 提纲作文要求考生首先将所给出的要点进行组织，按照一定的逻辑顺序用明白、恰当、得体的语言来表达；要尽量消除汉语式的英文表达。这种作文切忌逐字逐句汉译英，使得文章支离破碎，不忍卒读。相对来说，这种作文难度相对较小。

4.（半）开放性作文要求考生能根据相当简短的提示来写作；或者要求续写一段文字，或者写出你的感想等等。这种形式为考生张扬个性提供了空间，答案不唯一，淋漓尽致地考查了考生发散思维和创新思维能力。它还可能包括改写、缩写等其他形式。近年来

不少自主命题省（市）的高考试题有向（半）开放性过渡的趋势。

1. 审试题观察判断要写文章的类型和特点

2. 圈要点要点就是高考评分的给分点或者扣分点。要求在能在图画图表等

提示上用简单词语标出所表达的内容。这样做可以防止要点遗漏或者过分发挥。

3. 定基调即定出时态语态、人称口吻、顺序段落、开头和结尾

4. 写全文选择熟悉短语和句型，一气呵成

5. 改病错看看是否有要点遗漏，字数是否符合要求，人称、时态、主谓一致等方面的

错误，以便及时修改

6. 重抄写最后将修改好的文章抄写在考卷上指定地方。要字迹工整。

1. 英语书面表达和语文命题作文不一样。它是一种指导性作文，不允许考生自行立意，

不能漫无边际地发挥。字数（100左右）达不到要求或者超出范围均要扣分。

2. 注意正确使用英语标点符号和大小写。

3. 文中不要出现汉语式英语，遇到不会的词汇，可以采用相近意思表达即可。

4. 在书写时要不勾不画，卷面美观。

常见的过渡表达法

1. 表示时间的过渡词

at first, next, then, after that, soon, soon/shortly after, finally, in the end, eventually, at last, lately, recently, since then, later, in no time, after a while, afterwards, to begin with, immediately, meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time, so far,, suddenly, at the age of, as early as, as soon as, before, the other day, early in the morning, after/before dark, one day, one afternoon/evening

2. 表示空间的过渡词

to the left/right, on the left/right, on the opposite side, in the middle of, in front of, in the front of, at the back of, at the bottom of, on the edge of, on top of,

opposite to, close to, next to, near to, under, over, below, above, across, around, behind, before, against

3. 表示列举和时序的过渡词

first of all, in the first place, next, and then, finally, at the same time, to begin with, lastly

4. 表示举例的过渡词

for example, for instance, for one thing…,for another…, such as, like, take …for example

5 表示对比或者比较的过渡词

like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, compared to/with, while, still, on the contrary, different from, on the one hand…on the another (hand), in common (with) 6. 表示增补的过渡词

and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, also=besides=furthermore=moreover, in addition, apart from, what’s more, worse sti ll=what’s worse= to make things/matter worse, including

7. 表示因果的过渡词

because, since=now that, as, for, therefore, thus, so, as a result, because of=on account of, thanks to, for this reason, if so, if not

8. 表示目的的过渡词

for this purpose, in order to do=so as to do, in order that=so that

9. 表示让步的过渡词

though=although, in spite of=despite, after all, even if=even though, no matter what/when/where/how… =whatever/whenever/wherever/however

10. 表示条件的过渡词

if, unless, so/as long as, provided that=on condition that

11. 表示强调的过渡词

above all, indeed, in any case, in fact=as a matter of fact, in this case, in particular, obviously, anyway=anyhow, or rather

12. 表示解释的过渡词

that is (to say), in other words, or, namely

13.、表示转换话题的过渡词

by the way, I’m afraid, in my opinion, to tell you the truth, to be honest

14. 表示总结的过渡词

in a/one word, generally speaking, in short=in brief=in a few words, in conclusion, on the whole, as has been mentioned/stated, It is quite clear that--, There is no doubt that--, It is well known that--, as we all know=as is known to us all, as/so far as I

know, to sum up= to summarize= in summary

15. 表示选择或者排除的过渡词

either…or…, or, without, except=but, instead of

16. 表示转折的过渡词

but, however, still, and yet

英语中五种简单句型解析

英语基本句型有5种，即（1）主语+ 连系动词+ 表语（2）主语+ 谓语（+状语）（3）主语+ 谓语+ 宾语（4）主语+ 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（5）主语+ 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语从5种句型来看，一个句子的核心部分是动词。也就是说我们写出来的任何句子总少不了动词。还有，句子的主语一般是名词，代词，---ing 形式，不定式，主语从句或者the + 形容词等等。请看下列句子的主语：

China is a great country.

Swimming is her favorite sport.

To finish that task calls for great skills and patience.

What he said at the meeting surprised us all.

The poor are looked down on by the rich.

常见的连系动词有：be, look, seem appear, become, turn, get, feel, sound, smell, taste, grow, go (bad/wrong/mad/hungry/), come(true/loose), fall (asleep/ill), stay, remain, keep, stand, lie,etc.表语可以是名词，形容词，介词短语，不定式，-ing 形式，-ed分词，副词等等。

此句型的谓语由不及物动词或者相当于不及物动词的短语来充当。状语可以由副词，形容词，

名词，介词短语，不定式，--ing形式或者with的复合结构等来充当。

此句型的谓语由及物动词或者相当于及物动词的短语来充当。宾语可以由名词,代词,不定式,--ing形式, 或者从句来充当.

间接宾语和直接宾语一起称为双宾语。能够带双宾语的动词有如下一些：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, owe, refuse, make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, spare, cook, sing, etc.

宾语补足语由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语， --ing形式，--ed分词，不定式等充当。

写作常见经典句型

1. It was + 时间段+before/ It was not long before/ It will (not) be + 时间段+before

2. It is(has been) + 时间段+since+ 过去时

3. be about to do…when

4 ……while……(表示对比)

5. Not until…的倒装句型/ It was not until…that…(强调句型)

6. as…as(not as/so …as)/ more than/ more and more…/the more…the more

7. It +be+ 过去分词/形容词/名词+to do/that-从句

8. It +不及物动词（seem/appear/happen）+that-从句

9. It takes sb. some time to do sth.

10. There be 句型，其中be 可以换成stand/live/lie/come…

There is no need to do/There is no point in doing/There is no difficulty in doing/There is no doubt that

11. 状语从句句型，比如if/unless/although/though/as long as/no matter +wh-

/whether…or…/even if/ in case/so that/ in order that/ so…that/such…that…

12. 祈使句（表条件）+and(then)+句子（表肯定结果）

祈使句（表条件）+or/or else/otherwise+句子（表否定结果）

13. so as to do/in order to do

14. too…to do/enough to do/only to do

15. think/find/feel/consider/make +it +宾语补足语（形容词或者名词）+to do

16. with+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词/介词短语/to do/doing/-ed）

17.几种重要倒装句型，比如no sooner…than/ hardly…when/only+状语+…/not only…but

also/neither(nor)…/so…

写作中的一般表达和高级表达

解析新的高考评分细则,我们不难看出,运用高级词汇、复杂句式和适当的过渡连接词语是书面表达得高分的重要手段.这里我们所说的一般表达和高级表达指的是词汇和句式两个方面.

1. 学会使用从句

(1) 使用定语从句

The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)

The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级)

(2) 使用状语从句

I won’t believe what he says. (一般)

No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)

If you come back before six o’clock, you can go out. (一般)

You can go out on condition that you come back before six o’clock. (高级)

If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do? (一般)

Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shall we do? (高级)

2. 合理使用复杂的句型

When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (一般)

The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. (高级)

Who will be on duty today? (一般)

Whose turn is it to be on duty today? (高级)

She can’t correctly pronounce the word. (一般)

She has trouble in pronouncing the word. (高级)

3. 适度使用高级词汇

(1) As a result the plan was a failure. (一般)

The plan turned out to be a failure. (高级)

(2) She went to Australia in order to study music. (一般)

She went to Australia for the purpose of studying music. (高级)

(3) Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. (一般)

Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. (高级)

(4) When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow. (一般)

At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow (高级)

体会下列翻译是属于一般表达还是高级表达?

1 一回到家他发现所有的窗户都是开着的.

On arrival home he found all the windows open.

As soon as he arrived home, he found all the windows open.

The moment he arrived home, he found all the windows open.

No sooner had he arrived home than he found all the windows open.

2 等了大约半个小时车之后,我不耐烦了,决定打的去学校.

After waiting for the bus for about half an hour I became impatient. Then I decided to take a taxi to school.

After waiting for the bus for about half an hour I became so impatient that I decided to take a taxi to school.

3 我们已经有5年没有见面了.

It is five years since we last saw each other.

We hav en’t seen each other for five years.

We haven’t seen each other since five years ago.

4 我还没有到家就开始下雨了.

I didn’t arrive home, but it began to rain.

It began to rain before I arrived home.

5 他直到凌晨2点才回家.

He didn’t arrive home until 2 o’clock am.

Not until 2 o’clock am did he arrive home.

It was not until 2 o’clock am that he arrived home.

6 王先生以前住在那间房子里.房子的后面有一个大的花园.

Mr.Wang used to live in a house with a big garden behind it.

Mr. Wang used to live in that house. There was a big garden behind it.

7 现在太晚了.我认为没有必要去看他.

It is very late now. I think it is unnecessary to visit him It is so late now that I think there is no need to visit him.

8 我准备出门,就在这时邮递员送来特快专递.

I was about to go out when the postman sent an EMS.

I was leaving. Just at that time the postman sent an EMS.