简奥斯汀&现实主义
简·奥斯汀（英语：Jane Austen，1775年12月16日－1817年7月18日），19世纪英国小说家，世界文学史上最具影响力的女性文学家之一，其最著名的作品是《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》，以细致入微的观察和活泼风趣的文字著称。
Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.[1]
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry.[2]She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer.[3]Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years into her thirties. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth.[B] From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice(1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.
Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism.[4][C] Her plots, though fundamentally comic,[5]highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.[6] Her work brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer. The second half of the 20th century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship and the emergence of a Janeite fan culture.
简1775年生于英国汉普郡，双亲是George和Cassandra，她有六个哥哥和一个姐姐Cassandra，家境尚可，父亲是一名牧师。Further information: Timeline of Jane Austen
Biographical information concerning Jane Austen is "famously scarce", according to one biographer.[7] Only some personal and family letters remain (by one estimate only 160 out of Austen's 3,000 letters are extant),[8] and her sister Cassandra (to whom most of the letters were originally addressed) burned "the greater part" of the ones she kept and
censored those she did not destroy.[9]Other letters were destroyed by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother.[10]Most of the biographical material produced for fifty years after Austen's death was written by her relatives and reflects the family's biases in favour of "good quiet Aunt Jane". Scholars have unearthed little information since.[7]
简有六个哥哥和一个姐姐Cassandra，其中两个兄长后来也从事神职，另两名则曾供职英国海军。
姐姐Cassandra是珍最亲近的人，姐妹间的信件为后人的研究提供了很多素材，其所作的简画像目前保存在伦敦的国家肖像馆内。
Early life and education
Steventon rectory, as depicted in A Memoir of Jane Austen, was in a valley and surrounded by meadows.[21]
Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and publicly christened on 5 April 1776.[22]After a few months at home, her mother placed Austen with Elizabeth Littlewood, a woman living nearby, who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months.[23]In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Cawley and they moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died.[24]Austen was subsequently educated at home, until leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandra early in 1785. The school curriculum probably included some French, spelling, needlework, dancing and music and, perhaps, drama. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters to school.[25]
Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books, guided by her father and her brothers James and Henry.[26]George Austen apparently gave his daughters unfettered access to his large and varied library, was tolerant of Austen's sometimes risqué experiments in writing, and provided both sisters with expensive paper and other materials for their writing and drawing.[27] According to Park Honan, a biographer of Austen, life in the Austen home was lived in "an open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" where the ideas of those with whom the Austens might disagree politically or socially were considered and discussed.[28]After returning
from school in 1786, Austen "never again lived anywhere beyond the bounds of her immediate family environment".[29]
Private theatricals were also a part of Austen's education. From when she was seven until she was thirteen, the family and close friends staged a series of plays, including Richard Sheridan's The Rivals(1775) and David Garrick's Bon Ton. While the details are unknown, Austen would certainly have joined in these activities, as a spectator at first and as a participant when she was older.[30]Most of the plays were comedies, which suggests one way in which Austen's comedic and satirical gifts were cultivated.[31]
In 1788, her portrait may have been commissioned by her great uncle, Francis Austen.
长篇小说
?《理智与情感》（英语：Sense and Sensibility，1811年出版）
?《傲慢与偏见》（英语：Pride and Prejudice，1813年出版）
?《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（英语：Mansfield Park，1814年出版）
?《爱玛》（英语：Emma，1815年）
?《诺桑觉寺》（英语：Northanger Abbey，1818年，死后出版）
?《劝导》（英语：Persuasion，1818年，死后出版）
短篇小说
?《苏珊夫人》（英语：Lady Susan）
未完成的作品
?《沃森一家》（英语：The Watsons）
?《桑迪顿》（英语：Sanditon）
其他作品
?Sir Charles Grandison
?Plan of a Novel
Jane Austen (1775-1817)
◆A English writer, who first
gave the novel its modern
character, through the
treatment of everyday life.
◆Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The first 25 years of her life，Austen spent in Hampshire. She was tutored at home. Her parents were avid readers and she received a broader education than many women of her time. On her father‘s retirement, the family moved to Bath.. Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted the life of minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status.
◆Most important for her were those little matters, as Emma says, "on which the daily happiness of private life depends."
◆Although Austen restricted to family matters, and she passed the historical events of the Napoleonic wars, her wit and observant narrative touch has been inexhaustible delight to readers.
◆Of her six great novels, four were published anonymously during her lifetime.
◆At her death on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, Austen was writing the unfinished Sanditon. Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral.
奥斯汀
终身未婚，家道小康。由于居住在乡村小镇，接触到的是中小地主、牧师等人
物以及他们恬静、舒适的生活环境，因此她的作品里没有重大的社会矛盾。她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地，[1]尤其是绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突，深受读者欢迎。从18世纪末到19世纪初，庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥英国文坛，而奥斯汀的小说破旧立新，一反常规地展现了当时尚未受到资本主义工业革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。她的作品往往通过喜剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢、自私、势利和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱点。奥斯汀的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备。虽然其作品反映的广度和深度有限，但她的作品如“两寸牙雕”，从一个小窗口中窥视到整个社会形态和人情世故，对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了好的作用，在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义，被誉为地位“可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。
奥斯汀是“第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家。（她的作品）反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧，显示了‘家庭’文学的可能性。她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中自我发现的过程。这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法，使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。正是这种现代性，加上她的机智和风趣，她的现实主义和同情心，她的优雅的散文和巧妙的故事结构，使她的小说能长期吸引读者。”并且说：“当时（指十九世纪初）流行夸张戏剧性的浪漫小说，已使人们所厌倦，奥斯丁的朴素的现实主义启清新之风，受到读者的欢迎……到二十世纪，人们才认识到她是英国摄政王时期（1810--1820）最敏锐的观察者，她严肃地分析了当时社会的性质和文化的质量，记录了旧社会向现代社会的转变。现代评论家也赞佩奥斯丁小说的高超的组织结构，以及她能于平凡而狭窄有限的情节中揭示生活的悲喜剧的精湛技巧。”
现实主义文学
维基，现实主义文学又称作写实主义文学，是西方现代文学中一重要且主要的流派，兴盛于19世纪下半叶，为对19世纪上半叶兴盛的浪漫主义文学的批判反动和推翻，作品创作的焦点，是那些生活在普罗社会下的大众，关心社会政治经济制度等因素对人民所造成的种种压迫和影响，描写的是一个当下大时代的变动，而
不再是浪漫主义式个人内心情感的自我世界。Literary realism is the trend, beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors, toward depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism," realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.
Ppt
Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. The term also describes works of art which, in revealing a truth, may emphasize the ugly or sordid.
Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. The term is also used to describe works of art which, in revealing a truth, may emphasize the ugly or sordid.
Literary realism most often refers to the trend, beginning with certain works of nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century authors in various countries, towards depictions of contemporary life and society 'as they were'. In the spirit of general "realism", Realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.
百度：现实主义文学是西欧资本主义制度确立和发展时期的产物。1830年法国爆发“七月革命”，从此，法国资产阶级取得了统治地位；1832年英国实行了议会改革，英国资产阶级的统治地位得到了进一步巩固。这两大政治事件，是西欧资本主义制度确立的标志。欧洲各国在英、法资本主义势力的影响下，相继经历了从封建制度向资本主义制度的历史性过渡。这种特定的社会政治经济形势，直接影响着文学，成为现实主义文学形成与发展的决定性因素。
Realism literature is the western European capitalist system establishment and development period of the product. 1830 outbreak of the French revolution of July, from then on, the French bourgeoisie gained dominance; In 1832 Britain implemented parliamentary reform, further consolidate the rule of the bourgeoisie. The two big political event, is a sign of western European capitalist system established. Europe under the influence of British and French capitalist forces, have experienced a historic transition from feudalism to capitalism. This particular social political and economic situation, a direct impact on literature, become the decisive factor of the development of realism literature.
现实主义是文学艺术的基本创作方法之一，其实际运用时间相当早远，但直到19世纪50年代才由法国画家库尔贝和作家夏夫列里作为一个名称提出来，恩格斯为“现实主义”下的定义是：除了细节的真实外，还要真实的再现典型环境中的典型人物。（1888年4月初致玛.哈克奈斯信）
对现实主义的理论探讨，可以追溯到古希腊的“摹仿”说。亚里士多德在《诗学》中就已指出存在3种不同的摹仿现实的方式，第1种便是“按照事物本来的样子去摹仿”。文艺复兴时期的人文主义文艺家（阿尔贝蒂、达·芬奇、卡斯特尔韦特罗等）坚持并发展了“艺术摹仿自然”的观点。18世纪启蒙运动的代表狄德罗和莱辛从唯物主义观点出发，坚持文艺的现实基础，肯定美与真的统一，强调艺术既要依据自然又要超越自然的辩证关系。狄德罗和莱辛在《沙龙》、《画论》、《汉堡剧评》等论著中针对新古典主义束缚文艺的清规戒律，比较系统地论述了现实主义的创作原则，对近代现实主义文艺的兴起产生了促进作用。
对现实主义和浪漫主义这两个对立概念的明确划分以及这两个名词的提出，却始于18世纪末和19世纪初。德国“狂飙突进”运动的代表作家席勒在著名的《论素朴的与感伤的诗》一文中，系统地总结了从古代到近代的西方文艺发展中的两种基本倾向：偏重于直接反映现实的“素朴的诗”和偏重于表现由现实提升上去的理想的“感伤的诗”。他认为两者的区别在于：前者再现现实，而后者表现理想，前者重客观，而后者重主观，并肯定这两种创作倾向可以趋于统一。席勒首次在文学领域使用“现实主义”这一名词，
俄国现实主义文艺理论的奠基人别林斯基在系统总结俄国文学和世界文学发展进程的基础上，进一步论证了“现实的诗”（即现实主义文艺）与“理想的诗”（即浪漫主义文艺）的联系与区别。
现实主义”这个名词之在欧洲文艺界盛行，并且形成一个以它命名的文艺流派，这是19世纪50年代在法国发生的事。1850年左右，法国画家库尔贝和小说家尚弗勒里等人初次用“现实主义”这一名词来标明当时的新型文艺，并由杜朗蒂等人创办了一种名为《现实主义》的刊物（1856～1857，共出6期）。刊物发表了库尔贝的文艺宣言，主张作家要“研究现实”，如实描写普通人的日常生活，“不美化现实”。这派作家明确提出用现实主义这个新“标记”来代替旧“标记”浪漫主义，把狄德罗、斯丹达尔、巴尔扎克奉为创作的楷模，主张“现实主义的任务在于创造为人民的文学”，并认为文学的基本形式是“现代风格小说”。从此，才有文艺中的“现实主义”这一正式命名的流派。在文学艺术创作中，现实主义是与浪漫主义并驾齐驱两大思潮，其注重事实或现实；不受理想主义、臆测或感伤主义影响的客观过程；客观地而不凭感情地去处理思想和行动，反对一切不切实际或空想的性格。
As a term of art in philosophy,realism refers to a thesis that general properties,technically known as universals,have a mode of existence or a form of reality that is in a certain sense independent of the things that possess them. Opposing theses,known as nominalism,and conceptualism,hold that universals are not real or do not properly exist,that only individuals and particulars exist,and that it is only the corresponding general concepts of thought or universal terms of language,serving as equivocal denotations of many particular things,that deceive the mind into thinking so. Philosophical realism is also referred to as Platonic realism or Scholastic realism,depending on the nuances of the particular variant in mind. In some versions
of realism,in stark contrast to everyday usage,a distinction is drawn between existence and reality,based on the idea that potentials can be real but that only actuals can exist.
作为一个术语的艺术在哲学、现实主义指的是一个论点,一般属性,技术上称为共性,有存在方式或形式的现实在某种意义上独立的东西拥有它们。对立的命题,即唯名论,和概念论,认为共性不是真正的或不正确的存在,只有个人和事项存在,只有相应的一般概念的思想或通用语言的形式,作为许多特别的东西模棱两可的外延,欺骗头脑思维如此。哲学的现实主义也称为柏拉图式的现实主义或学习的现实主义,这取决于特定变种的细微差别在心里。在一些版本的现实主义,形成鲜明对比。在日常使用,区别是存在和现实之间绘制,基于这一想法,潜力可以真正可以存在,但这只是实绩。
In a separate context of discussion,realism is contrasted with both idealism and materialism,and is more controversially considered by others to be synonymous with the position in the philosophy of mind known as dualism. In recent transmogrifications of the word,realism is contrasted with anti-realism and irrealism.在另一个上下文的讨论,现实主义是与理想主义和唯物主义,都是比较有争议的是被别人的同义词位置在精神哲学称为二元论。最近transmogrifications的话,现实主义是与反实在论和irrealism。
Increasingly these last disputes,too,are rejected as misleading,and some philosophers prefer to call the kind of realism espoused there metaphysical realism and eschew the whole debate in favour of simple naturalism or natural realism,which is not so much a theory as the position that these debates are ill-conceived,if not incoherent,and that there is no more to deciding what is really real than simply taking our words at face value.这些最后的纠纷越来越多,也拒绝为误导,和一些哲学家喜欢叫这样的现实主义信奉有形而上学实在论和避开整个辩论中支持简单的自然主义或自然的现实主义,这与其说是一个理论的位置,这些辩论是考虑不周的,如果不是不连贯的,没有更多的去决定什么是真正真正的不仅仅是找我们的字面值。
Realism in philosophy can also refer to other forms of realism such as moral realism and scientik 现实主义在哲学也可以参考其他形式的现实主义道德现实主义和scientik等
关于简奥斯丁的评论(英文)
生平和作品 THE IMPRESSION of the condition of the Church of England in the eighteenth century which is conveyed by the character and writings of Laurence Sterne receives some necessary modification from a study of the life and works of Jane Austen. Her father, the Reverend George Austen, held the two rectories of Deane and Steventon in Hampshire, having been appointed to them by the favor of a cousin and an uncle. He thus belonged to the gentry, and it seems likely that he entered the church more as a profession than a vocation. He considered that he fulfilled his functions by preaching once a week and administering the sacraments; and though he does not seem to have been a man of spiritual gifts, the decent and dignified performance of these formal duties earned him the reputation of a model pastor. His abundant leisure he occupied in farming the rectory acres, educating his children, and sharing the social life of his class. The environment of refined worldliness and good breeding thus indicated was that in which his daughter lived, and which she pictured in her books. Jane Austen was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, the youngest of seven children. She received her education—scanty enough, by modern standards—at home. Besides the usual elementary subjects, she learned French and some Italian, sang a little, and became an expert needle-woman. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she seems to have cared most for the novels of Richardson and Miss Burney, and the poems of Cowper and Crabbe. Dr. Johnson, too, she admired, and later was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. The first twenty-five years of her life she spent at Steventon; in 1801 she moved with her family to Bath, then a great center of fashion; after the death of her father in 1805, she lived with her mother and sister, first at Southampton and then at Chawton; finally she took lodgings at Winchester to be near a doctor, and there she died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral. Apart from a few visits to friends in London and elsewhere, and the vague report of a love affair with a gentleman who died suddenly, there is little else to chronicle in this quiet and uneventful life. But quiet and uneventful though her life was, it yet supplied her with material for half a dozen novels as perfect of their kind as any in the language. While still a young girl she had experimented with various styles of writing, and when she completed "Pride and Prejudice" at the age of twenty-two, it was clear that she had found her appropriate form. This novel, which in many respects she never surpassed, was followed a year later by "Northanger Abbey," a satire on the "Gothic" romances then in vogue; and in 1809 she finished "Sense and Sensibility," begun a dozen years before. So far she had not succeeded in having any of her works printed; but in 1811 "Sense and Sensibility" appeared in London and won enough recognition to make easy the publication of the others. Success gave stimulus, and between 1811 and 1816, she completed "Mansfield Park," "Emma," and "Persuasion." The last of these and "Northanger Abbey" were published posthumously. The most remarkable characteristic of Jane Austen as a novelist is her recognition of the limits of her knowledge of life and her determination never to go beyond these limits in her books. She describes her own class, in the part of the country with which she was acquainted; and both the types of character and the events are such as she knew from first-hand observation and experience. But to the portrayal of these she brought an extraordinary power of delicate and subtle delineation, a gift of lively dialogue, and a peculiar detachment. She abounds in humor, but it is always quiet and
简奥斯汀
百度，输入诺觉桑寺，找到读书的网络 作家简介： 简·奥斯丁，（1775—1817）英国女作家，18世纪末19世纪初英国杰出的现实主义大师，被誉为“道德教育家”。出生于英格兰汉普郡的斯蒂文顿村，父亲是教区的主管牧师。在父兄的熏陶下，奥斯丁从小就阅读了大量的文学作品。她16岁时开始写作，是第一个通过描绘日常生活中的普通人，使小说具有鲜明现代性质的小说家。奥斯丁一生中共创作了6部长篇小说《理智与情感为（1811）、《傲慢与偏见》（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（1814）、《爱玛》（1815）、（诺桑觉修道院》和《劝服》（后两部出版于她去世后的1818年）小说内容多是刻画当时英国乡村的风俗民情、社交和男女恋情等。她的创作开启了19世纪30年代的现实主义小说高潮，在英国小说的发展史上具有承上启下的意义。 作品目录 ·《傲慢与偏见》 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内 容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世 态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。 ·《理智与情感》 简·奥斯丁在她诞生地汉普郡的斯蒂文顿繁荣而稳定的乡间长大，十二三岁就开始写作。她早期的习作 都是中短篇，光是十五六岁时写的，后人就编成了两部集子。一七九七年，简二十二岁，完成第一部长篇小 说《第一面印象》。接着开始写《埃莉诺与玛丽安》。这两本都是书信体小说，十多年后，分别改写成用第 三人称叙述的长篇小说《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》。后者于1811年出版，等到前者于两年后问世时，后者于同年再版。所以，尽管《傲慢与偏见》的原始本子写作在前，她第一部出版的作品却是《理智与情感》。 ·《爱玛》 发表于1818年，英国女作家，奥斯丁小说。女主人公爱玛是一个“从来不在外面住宿的天下少有的女人”，孤零零的，但是充满了感情与思想，她经过一系列误会后，与男主人公先生终成佳偶。小说情节紧奏，细节描写生动、鲜明，语言就像作者歌颂... ·《曼斯菲尔德庄园》 范妮是个出身贫寒的少女，10岁时被姨父母伯特伦爵士夫妇收养。在姨父母家，除了二表哥埃德蒙处处 呵护她外，受到众人的冷落，过着寄人篱下的日子。但她始终有颗温柔善良的心肠，辨是非，明大理。她坚 决抵制大表哥等人要在家里排演有伤大雅的情节剧，毫不动摇地顶住了纨绔子弟克劳福德的无理纠缠，始终 不渝地暗恋着埃德蒙，特别是在克劳福德小姐对埃德蒙“旧情复发”时，她告诫表哥不要被她的假象所迷惑，
走进简-奥斯汀的世界
走进简·奥斯汀的世界 ――从《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《理智与情感》中认识简·奥斯汀 论文概要：本文分为初识简·奥斯汀，认识简·奥斯汀，爱上简·奥斯汀，简·奥斯汀与我们四部分，从简·奥斯汀的三部作品来介绍，逐渐深入，层层剖开简·奥斯汀的世界，着重于在特定的社会背景下分析作品中的重要人物和事件，并联系简·奥斯汀的人生经历解析作品的内涵，探索简·奥斯汀的文学世界。 初识简·奥斯汀 既无曲折离奇的情节，也无波澜壮阔的场面，小小的天地，普通的男女，但就是这样的内容的作品却把它们的作者推进世界文学史上一流作家的行列，而这位作者只活了四十二岁，一生只写了六部小说，生前出的作品都用笔名，死后才公布了她的真名和身份，她，简·奥斯汀，一个响亮的名字。 简·奥斯汀于1775年出生在英国汉普郡一个名叫斯蒂文森的村子里，父亲是一位乡村牧师。她没有受过多少正规的教育，却在父亲的影响下大量涉猎各种书籍，获益良多。十四五岁就开始写短剧，小品，娱乐家人，简在二十二岁前就已经完成了两部小说，即《理智与情感》《傲慢与偏见》，后来相继写出《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德花园》《爱玛》《劝导》等不朽的杰作。简·奥斯汀所写的都是英格兰乡村和邻近地区中产阶级的生活，完全限于自己所熟悉的那个很小的生活圈子，但她的观察细致入微，构思巧妙合理，人物刻画细腻生动，写作风格朴实无华，清秀隽永，表面上琐碎的叙述读起来颇耐人寻味。她的作品被评论家誉为“简约的艺术”。她的作品里没有声势浩大的东西，但充满理性的光芒。故事情节说不上跌宕起伏，却丝丝入扣，不断荡漾着“茶杯里的风波”。 从18世纪末到19世纪初，庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥着英国文坛，而奥斯汀创作的小说则是一反常规地展现当时尚未受到资本主义冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。简·奥斯汀之所以能成为十九世纪最杰出的小说家之一，不仅是因为她小说天衣无缝的结构和精湛精确的刻画技巧，而且也是因为她的小说有着深刻丰富的思想内容和在英国文学史上的开创性意义。她是第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家。她的作品反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧，显示了家庭文学的可能性。她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和对细腻情感的把握，生动真实地描绘了自己周围世界的小天地，她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中的自我发现过程，这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法，使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。正是这种现代性，加上她的机智和风趣，她的小说能长期吸引读者。 认识简·奥斯汀 简·奥斯汀的形象在从简生活的年代到现在的200年中有各种各样的解释。有亨利·詹姆士的观点----简有无师自通的天才，几乎没有特别意识就在做针线活和探亲访友的过程中创造了完美精湛的艺术微缩品。D.H.劳伦斯和夏洛蒂·勃朗特都写到，她是一个用理智而不只用情感写作的，精明博学的单身女子。也有和蔼可亲的“简姑妈”形象，这是她家人的体会，是一位终身专于家庭，不为任何烦恼忧愁，避免谈到男人和金钱，战争话题的女性，简也被许多人认为是最初的女权主义者。简·奥斯汀笔下的女主人公都很有个性，或多或少渗透出作者本人的性格特征和看问题的方法。 伊丽莎白·贝纳特：“想要满足是她自己的事----当然快乐是她的气质”。机智活泼的伊丽莎白·贝纳特比起其他女主人公来说更像年轻时代的简·奥斯汀。“书中只要出现她这个人物，她就是快乐的”----作者给她的定语。爱玛·伍德豪斯：“思想活跃轻松，看不到事情的发生也无所谓，没有回应的事情看不到也行。”简赋予这个该受人指责的女主人公活跃
Jane Austen's works简奥斯汀的作品
Jane Austen, she is one of the greatest authors in Britain history. I really admire and appreciate her works, Pride and Prejudice, Persuasion, Emma, and Sense and Sensibility. In my eyes, every heroine has her own uniqueness, different from other girls in those novels. They are so brave to pursue their love, no care about the prejudice, the gossip from their parents, their neighbors , their relatives, even the society. In addition, all of them succeed in loving their true love; all the endings are so good and so beautiful. Every time, when I saw the couple got together after suffering so many misfortunes in the very end of the novel, I cried for happiness, not for sadness. From those heroines’ character, I really can find a genuine image of Jane herself. Although I do not know clearly about her love, her lover, I can easily get the information that she missed her true love from her whole single life. Therefore, she sets the hopes into her novels, encourages everyone who love somebody by heart has courage to pursue their true love.
Becoming Jane《成为简奥斯汀》英文观后感
Becoming a woman，becoming a legend "A woman especially if she has the misfortune of knowing anything, should conceal it as well as she can." ――Jane Austen The movie, Becoming Jane, fabricates a character, the hero Tom Lefroy, to show us audience Jane Austen’s romance. It ever or never happened in Jane’s life. Nevertheless undoubtedly, the movie is a successful one. We are all moved by Jane’s sense and sensibility. Jane completes a legend by her lifetime of becoming a great woman. There are many commentaries on the film―― Her own life is her greatest inspiration. Between Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice was a life worth writing about. No one can ignore Jane’s achievement. Six immortal works about romance leave us a deep impression on the importance of being together with our true love. Relatively, few people know Austen’s own romances. She never get married. I think many people would like to consider that Jane uses her life to memorize a love and explain her understanding about love. She insists. She believes a marriage without love will never be happy, and a love without money will never be real. According to the movie, the great novel, Pride and Prejudice, is based on Jane’s love story with Tom Lefroy. The arrogant and handsome hero in the fiction insinuates Tom who is just a practical lawyer. But Darcy is rich, independent, owning authority and position, while Tom relies on his uncle and has little money. At the same time, the beautiful, clever and a little extreme Elizabeth just insinuates Jane herself. Obviously, there is an insurmountable distance between the novel and the reality. In the Pride and Prejudice, Darcy and Elizabeth get together eventually. Yet Jane and Tom Lefroy can only be friends, not lovers. In my mind, Jane is trying to give herself and Tom a happy ending in her novel which will never come true in reality. What will we do when our dream is so different from the reality? To surrender or to surmount? Maybe there can be a few people protect their love to go through their life, like Jane Austen, and never betray their love. However, the courage is not owned by everyone. Too much affection and emotion need to be called to our mind and pondered over. A Jane will live our heart, bringing us an opportunity to share the legend.
评析简奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观
评析简?奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 摘要：简?奥斯丁在小说《傲慢与偏见》中通过对几起婚姻的描述，表明了她的婚姻观：建立在爱情基础上婚姻才会幸福，贪图金钱和情欲的婚姻不会幸福；财产和社会地位在婚姻中起着举足轻重的作用，但不应单纯地为了金钱而结婚；并指出了小说的现实意义所在。 关键词：婚姻；爱情；幸福；财产；社会地位 一、前言 简?奥斯丁是英国小说史上著名的女小说家之一，她的作品再现了18世纪-19世纪之交的社会关系和人情世态。简?奥斯丁英年早逝，在短暂的42年里以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实的描绘了她周围的小天地，她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突，英国著名作家司格特称她为“英国摄政时期最敏锐的观察家”。简?奥斯丁擅长描写青年男女的感情纠葛及婚姻嫁娶，着力刻画男人和女人感情和理智的冲突，其中最具代表性的要数《傲慢与偏见》。在奥斯丁时代, 未婚女性最重要的事情就是嫁个体面富有的丈夫。在十九世纪初,根据英国当时的限定继承权法,财产通常要由最近的男性后代来继承, 这使得做女儿的经济利益受到损失。妇女要想顺利出嫁, 就必须要有一份可观的嫁妆, 由此导致了许多妇女由于经济状况的限制而面临嫁不出去的危险。而结了婚的妇女不但为她日后的生活获得了物质保障而且她
的社会地位也会有所改善。《傲慢与偏见》围绕班纳特先生家五位待嫁女儿的婚姻问题展开，分别通过对伊丽莎白与达西，简与彬格莱，莉迪亚与威克汉姆，夏洛蒂与柯林斯等几桩婚事的描写，深刻反映了作者在婚姻问题上最为典型的几种不同的观点。 二、小说概述 《傲慢与偏见》这部作品以日常生活为素材，反映了当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。这部社会风情画式的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者，时至今日，仍给读者以独特的艺术享受。简?奥斯丁擅长通过描写生活琐事来刻画人物鲜明的性格《傲慢与偏见》是其代表作，故事围绕爱情和婚姻而展开。在该作品中，作者把爱情、婚姻和财产、社会地位联系起来,着重讲述了班纳特一家五个待嫁女儿及其亲友的爱情、婚姻故事,描写了当时社会中人们对婚姻的各种不同看法和做法。五种婚姻贯穿全书:老班纳特夫妇情趣不合的婚姻;小女儿莉迪亚与威克汉姆因情欲而结合的婚姻；夏洛蒂为衣食之计而委身于柯林斯的畸形婚姻；简和彬格莱两情相悦终成眷属的美满婚姻；以及故事的主人公Elizabath（伊丽莎白）—小乡绅之女和Darcy（达西）—有钱有势的公子由于对方的傲慢和偏见而产生误会，但最后屏弃前嫌，真诚相爱的幸福婚姻。细致入微地描述了这几起不同的婚姻，通过对比向读者展示出作者心目中理想婚姻观：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相关联，但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位，婚姻应建立在相互爱慕与尊重的基础上。她既反对
中外名著经典语录
中外名著经典语录 1、即使整个世界恨你，并且相信你很坏，只要你自己问心无愧，知道你是清白的，你就不会没有朋友。——勃朗特《简爱》 2、当你为什么东西付出过劳动时，你就会爱上它的。——玛格丽特·米切尔《飘》 3、被人揭下面具是一种失败，自己揭下面具却是一种胜利。——雨果《海上劳工》 4、小院初春，大雪压桔金线柳；寒生庾岭，狂现吹折玉梅花。——施耐庵《水浒传》 5、这是一个颠倒混乱的时代，唉，倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任！——莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》 6、季莫欣上尉那因为受团长批评已弯下来的身子立刻又挺得笔直了，直的假如总司令再多瞧他几分钟的话就或许支持不住了。——列夫·托尔斯泰《**与和平》 7、最孤独的时刻，每个人的生活中，当他们观看整个世界崩溃，和所有他们能做的就是眼神茫然。——菲茨杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》
8、其为质则金玉不足喻其贵，其为性则冰雪不足喻其洁，其为神则星日不足喻其精，其为貌则花月不足喻其色。——曹雪芹《红楼梦》 9、恰三春好处无人见。不堤防沉鱼落雁鸟惊喧，则怕的羞花闭月花愁颤。——汤显祖《牡丹亭》 10、一个不成熟男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业英勇地死去，一个成熟男子的标志是他愿意为某种事业卑贱地活着。——J·D·塞林格《麦田里的守望者》 11、我所居兮，田埂之峰；我所游兮，鸿蒙太空；我所逝兮，吾谁与从；渺渺茫兮，归彼大荒。——曹雪芹《红楼梦》 12、情不知所起，一往而深，情深之所至，人生而可以死，死而可以生。——汤显祖《牡丹亭》 13、生活好比旅行，理想是旅行的路线，失去了路线，只好停止前进。——雨果《海上劳工》 14、从恋爱到白头偕老，好比一串葡萄，总有最好的一颗，最好的只有一颗，留着做希望，多么好？——钱钟书《围城》 15、你不管做什么事，如果做得太好了，一不警惕，就会在无意中卖弄起来。那样的话，你就不再那么好了。——J·D·塞林格《麦
成为简.奥斯汀读后感
“I can live by my pen”.，她说，语气是那样的坚定，无论家人朋友如何反对。 “Yes, but if our love destroys your family , it will destroy itself”,她对他说，虽然很很痛心，却不得不放弃。 ---题记 我从来都不知道自己会这样被一本书、一个故事所影响，应该说是动容。她对信念的坚持与不屈，对爱情的执着与体谅，让我无法从她的身影里离开回到现实。我开始思索，在那样的年代，那样的时代背景，她，一个贫穷人家的传统女性，到底是怎样冲破一切阻碍追求理想、追求幸福。看起来，似乎只有简自己清楚，那是一段怎样艰辛的路程，因为她的思想以及观念不同于世人。她叛逆，却有着温顺的一面，独立，却也寻求能够依赖之人，渴望幸福，却因为不忍而放弃所爱。那就是为什么她说，一个人的地位完全可以取决其他因素，至于财富，一个年轻女子，应该靠她自己去取得；但是对你的爱如果会毁了你的家庭，我宁愿不爱。 她表面看来风平浪静，但是内心波涛汹涌。面对现实的压迫，她想到的不是屈服而是反抗。写小说，她从不认为只有男子才能做到，就算没人赞同她，她仍旧努力朝着自己的目标前进。从不被人注意的篇章，到后来影响世界的傲慢与偏见，从不断受到讽刺的话语，到逐渐迎来赞扬的表彰，从默默无闻的写作，到身负盛名的形象，她用信念和行动告诉世人，女性也可以有自己的梦想并实现梦想。从她的身上，我第一次体会到，生命的价值应靠自己去获取，只要无惧困难，什么也抵挡不了朝前的脚步。 简是成功的，不仅仅是在写作方面，她的爱情故事一样叫人感动。在全家人都指望她嫁入豪门以充裕家底的时候，她坚决反对嫁给自己不爱的人，尽管这样的决定遭到所有人的不满。她与他的相遇让她感受到了从未有过的欣喜，虽然其中充斥了些许矛盾。从开始的针锋相对，到后来的心心相印；从最初的惊鸿一瞥，到淡然后的默默相视。从相恋，到分手，到私奔，再到最后的无奈放弃。为了他人的生活，她选择了独守，宁愿自己痛心，也不忍伤害朋友。“结婚从来就不只是两个人的事情，有些人，不得不依靠，有些事，不得不低头，然而，即使不能在一起，我们仍有残存的骄傲，永不妥协”，可知倔强的少女，倾心的，却是谈吐间不经意显露的智慧与正义感。两人的爱情就像是一幕美丽的悲剧，因为意外的结局更加感人。我们可以看到，那些青春年少时，尚可以激情相拥的冲动，暮然垂老时，却只能静默凝望的遗憾。一波三折的感情，假装风流的绅士，
《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观分析
《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观分析【摘要】简?奥斯汀作为西方著名作家，是英国作家群体的代表人物之一。 她通过描写英国普通民众的生活，创作出了经典巨著《傲慢与偏见》。书中通过描述各种不同的婚姻类型和人世间的人情冷暖，反映了她心目中的婚姻价值观念。 【关键词】《傲慢与偏见》简?奥斯汀婚姻观作品分析 《傲慢与偏见》中，简?奥斯汀把四对男女的爱情与婚姻进行了详尽描述，简?奥斯汀以其女性的独特视角揭示了19世纪社会的价值观与年轻人的婚姻观与价值观，同时通过对这些故事的描述揭示了简?奥斯汀自己对婚姻观的理解。简?奥斯汀在书中描写的四种婚姻，本质上反映了当时的英国资产阶级的婚姻现状，金钱和利益相结合成为了当时婚姻的普遍现象。这些婚姻现状的事实既与简?奥斯汀的婚姻观有出入，同时又有些类似。简?奥斯汀本质上认为婚姻的美满与否其关键在于爱情和互相的尊重，但金钱作为婚姻的基础物质保障，对婚姻的美满与幸福同样具有重要意义。 《傲慢与偏见》中不同类型的婚姻所表达的婚姻观 1.盲目的婚姻体现出的婚姻现实。在《傲慢与偏见》中，威科姆和莉迪亚的婚姻让人看到了盲目的婚姻、混乱的生活以及悲剧的现状。莉迪亚在简?奥斯汀的笔下是一名性格轻浮多变、内心空虚、肆意妄为而且生活混乱的女孩，简?奥斯汀甚至用下流来形容莉迪亚。莉迪亚尽管愚昧无知，但仗着自己年轻，颇有几分姿色，才得以不断追求被人爱慕的虚荣感觉之中。而威科姆正是一名纨绔子弟，他整天不务正业、游手好闲，曾经为了还欠下的巨额赌债，而追求金小姐和达西小姐，同时他满嘴谎言，处处想着通过婚姻发一笔大财。正是威科姆这种肤浅、虚伪的人投中了莉迪亚的胃口，最后金钱在威科姆和莉迪亚的婚姻中起到了决定性的作用，二人结为夫妻，但他们的婚姻毫无情感和理智，纯粹是赤裸裸的金钱交易。[1]威科姆和莉迪亚的这种毫无道德的婚姻，简?奥斯汀呈批判的态度。 2.现实婚姻中的婚姻观。在《傲慢与偏见》中，现实的婚姻中往往不乏对爱情和金钱的双重描述，夏洛蒂?卢卡斯和柯林斯牧师的婚姻是现实婚姻的真实写照。夏洛蒂是一个聪明懂事的女孩，她对婚姻和现实往往有着独到的见解，她对自己与柯林斯的婚姻看得很清楚。夏洛蒂认为在英国当时的婚姻本质是爱情和感情在婚姻中永远只是配角，婚姻某种程度上是保证家庭荣誉和家庭财产的策略。夏洛蒂的父亲表面上有着不错的社会地位，实际上是没落的家族，夏洛蒂知道父亲已经不能为她拿出一分钱的嫁妆。面对冷酷的现实，为了家族的荣誉以及未来生活的保障，夏洛蒂不得不接受与一个她不爱的人结婚。[2] 柯林斯牧师在夏洛蒂的眼里是一个无趣甚至品德不高的人，性格极傲慢、自负又谄媚谦卑，而他结婚的目的也很明确，是为了迎合他的恩主凯瑟琳夫人对他的期望，同时也为了通过自己的婚姻建立自己在教区内的威望。 3.幸福婚姻中的婚姻观。简是《傲慢与偏见》中善良与美德的化身，简在简?奥斯汀的笔下如同娴静的希腊女神。而宾利同样也被简?奥斯汀赋予了西方典型绅士的翩翩风度。简和宾利的婚姻是简?奥斯汀对美满婚姻的美好愿望与期待。简在晚会上遇到了宾利，并且双方一见钟情。后来，简生病了，宾利在简的庄园中不离不弃、关怀备至，两人日久生情。幸福美满的爱情往往不是一帆风顺的，
简奥斯汀经典语录(英文版)
Memorable Quotes and quotations from Jane Austen Jane Austen English novelist (1775 - 1817) Jane Austen - Northanger Abbey - But when a young lady is to be a heroine, the perverseness of forty surrounding families cannot prevent her. Something must and will happen to throw a hero in her way. Jane Austen - Northanger Abbey - Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. Jane Austen - Mansfield Park - Where any one body of educated men, of whatever denomination, are condemned indiscriminately, there must be a deficiency of information, or...of something else. Jane Austen - Emma - Oh! dear; I was so miserable! I am sure I must have been as white as my gown. Jane Austen - - Where so many hours have been spent in convincing myself that I am right, is there not some reason to fear I may be wrong? Jane Austen - from a letter to her niece, November 18, 1814 - Wisdom is better than wit, and in the long run will certainly have the laugh on her side. Jane Austen - - What dreadful hot weather we have! It keeps me in a continual state of inelegance. Jane Austen - - One half of the world can not understand the pleasures of the other. Jane Austen - Mansfield Park - Everybody likes to go their own way--to choose their own time and manner of devotion.
简·奥斯汀英文介绍
Most of us are familiar with Jane’s works such as sense and sensibility, pride and prejudice. But little do we know about Jane. Now I will give a brief introduction to Jane. Jane Austen, born on 16 December,1775,at the rectory in the village of Steventon , in Hampshire , is one of the best-known novelists in English literature. She was tutored mainly at home by her father and brothers . Due to her poor health,she died on July,18,1817. The language in her works is simple, witty and with quiet irony, which can strike a sympathetic chord in the hearts of its audiences .Her works are mostly about love and marriage in the view of woman . But during her 42 years’ life, she didn’t get married, which shows her belief that a marriage without love will never be happy. As is reflected in the film , she was an independent woman who endeavored to live by her pen instead of marrying a rich man . What makes me desire most is her reble spirit. People valued the propriety highly in that time. But Jane played cricket ball with the male, strolled around the fair and even eloped with her lover. She broke the boundary of propriety. In 18th century, people looked down upon female writing, it was said that to have a wife who has a mind is considered not quite proper . In spite of that , she insisted on writing ,and finally succeeded.
简奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》婚姻观
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 古诗词翻译中文化意象的传递 2 从语用学的角度分析幽默语 3 母语正迁移在初中英语教学中的研究与应用 4 从目的论角度分析英语电影片名的翻译( ) 5 学习动机对大学生英语学习的影响 6 废墟之鹰——《永别了武器》中亨利形象之分析 7 [毕业论文](经贸英语系毕业论文)多元文化中跨国企业绩效管理 8 A Comparative Study on Metaphors of FIRE between English and Chinese from a Cognitive Perspective 9 文档所公布各专业原创毕业论文。原创Q 95 80 35 640 10 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 11 从中西婚礼文化看中西方文化差异 12 用交际翻译理论看英语文学书名汉译 13 对约瑟夫.康拉德小说《进步前哨》中人物关系的分析 14 论“迷惘的一代”告别“美国梦”——浅谈《永别了，武器》和《了不起的盖茨比》 15 她们的自我选择—解读简奥斯汀傲慢与偏见中女性的婚恋观 16 由英语外来词谈中英文化 17 商务活动中的习俗、礼节和礼仪探析 18 从《阿Q正传》译本看民族文化的可译性 19 浅析美国华裔文学中的女性形象—以汤亭亭的《女勇士》为例 20 论网络英语的特征 21 英语外贸信函的特点及翻译 22 论《黄墙纸》中女主人公女性主义思想的局限性 23 佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿《他们眼望上苍》中的女性意识解析 24 An Analysis of Fagin in Oliver Twist 25 浅析《乞力马扎罗的雪》的现代主义特征 26 从中西方文化差异看中国式英语 27 金融英语的规范性及翻译策略研究 28 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述 29 艾米丽狄金森的诗歌《我不能与你一起生活》的多重主题研究 30 用功能对等理论分析《经济学人》中的习语翻译 31 论《儿子与情人》中保罗的爱情悲剧 32 (英语系经贸英语)浅谈成本领先策略对于企业发展的影响－－以格兰仕为例 33 《名利场》中男性与女性形象解析 34 On Sister Carrie’s Broken American Dream from the Perspective of Psychology 35 从目的论角度分析中国商品说明书的英译 36 英汉禁忌语对比分析 37 浅析《看不见的人》中看得见的种族歧视 38 On Alice Walker’s Womanism in The Color Purple 39 高中英语阅读课堂教师提问策略对学生口语输出的影响 40 41 分析内战对《飘》中斯佳丽的影响
名著经典语录大全
名著经典语录大全 [标签:栏目] ，名著经典语录大全 1、尽管结婚并不一定会叫人幸福，但总算给她自己安排了一个最可靠的储藏室。——简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》 2、不过天下事总是这样的。你嘴上不诉苦，就没有人可怜你。——简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》 3、一个人不成熟的标志是为了一个理由而轰轰烈烈的去死。一个人成熟的标志是为了一个理由谦恭的活下去。——J·D·塞林格《麦田里的守望者》 4、八百流沙界，三千弱水深。鹅毛飘不起，芦花定底沉。——吴承恩《西游记》 5、情由心生，生可以死，死可以生；生不可以死，死不可以生者，情非之至也！——汤显祖《牡丹亭》 6、诚实变成灾难，就像雪花变成雪崩一样，是柔软的东西慢慢积累的结果。——雨果《笑面人》 7、在拉马听到一个悲哀的痛哭声，那是拉马在为他失去的孩子而哭泣，他再也得不到安慰了。——斯托夫人《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 8、孤独也意味着；或是死亡，或是书籍。但它首先意味着酒精。意味着威士忌。——玛格丽特·杜拉斯《写作》 9、大凡女人家一经失去贞操，便无可挽救，这真是一失足成千古恨。——简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》 10、结论一目了然：只能永远把艰辛的劳动看作是生命的必要；即使没有收获的指望，也心平气静地继续耕种。——路遥《平凡的世界》 11、听静夜之钟声，唤醒梦中之梦；观澄潭之月影，窥见身外之身。——洪应明《菜根谭》 12、如果有人在做决定的时候征求你的意愿，那感觉是很不错的。但是了解到你的意愿之后却不加以考虑，那还不如不要问。——J·D·塞林格《麦田里的守望者》 13、孤独如柔软的泥堆积在那里。穿过水层的隐约光亮，犹如远古记忆的残
片白荧荧地洒向四周，深深的水底觅不到生命的迹象。——村上春树《海边的卡夫卡》 14、一定要大家都知道我，要我的生活不只是为了我自己，要他们的生活不是和我的生活那么毫不相干，要我的生活在大家的身上反映出来，要他们和我在一起生活！——列夫·托尔斯泰《**与和平》 15、则为你如花美眷，似水流年。是答儿闲寻遍，在幽闺自怜。——汤显祖《牡丹亭》 16、花开半看，酒饮微醉，此中大有佳趣。若是烂漫，便成恶境美。履盈满者，宜思之。——洪应明《菜根谭》 17、我爱奥菲莉娅，那怕有成千上万的哥哥，把他们的爱全部聚集在一起，也终究无法媲及我一个人的这份爱！——莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》 18、荒凉不堪岩石嶙峋的边界之内，仿佛是囚禁地，是放逐的极限。——勃朗特《简爱》 19、如果把你的目光直接朝内看，就会发现，在你的思想中有一千个领域尚未被发现。——戴维·梭罗《瓦尔登湖》 20、心生，种种魔生；心灭，种种魔灭。菩萨，妖魔，皆属一念。若论本来，皆属无有。——吴承恩《西游记》 21、把全世界缩减到唯一的一个人，把唯一的一个人扩大到像上帝那样，这才是爱。——雨果《悲惨世界》 22、你在大地方已经玩世不恭，倒向小节上认真，矛盾得太可笑了。——钱钟书《围城》 23、什么是人生？人生就是永不休止的奋斗！只有选定了目标并在奋斗中感到自己的努力没有虚掷，这样的生活才是充实的，精神也会永远年轻。——路遥《平凡的世界》 24、每个人都有属于自己的一片森林，也许我们从来不曾去过，但它一直在那里，总会在那里。迷失的人迷失了，相逢的人会再相逢。——村上春树《挪威的森林》 25、他不知道那个梦已经丢在他背后了，丢在这个城市那边那一片无垠的混沌之中不知什么地方了，那里合众国的黑黝黝的田野在夜色中向前伸展。——菲