口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析

Module 2 Logical analysis

I Theory and skills

逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的

练习1.1介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。

横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in

common with, both, similarly，compared to 等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。

逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。

II Skills practice

Teaching suggestions: Tell the students to form a mind picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main points with the corresponding sub-points, and then do the retelling to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis.

Instruction: retell the passage, paying

attention to the logic

2.1有偿搭车

“上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中型城市开始流行起来。一些网站还专门设立了相关的栏目，北京出现了全国第一家顺风车专业门户网站，有需求者只要将自己的出发地和目的地发布上网，就会很容易获得理想的搭乘机会。除此之外，也有一些搭乘者是通过朋友介绍认识的。

与国外一些国家搭顺风车现象有所不同的是，按事先约定，国内的一些搭乘者会以现金或实物的形式给车主一定的补偿，而一些车主也将省钱和挣钱作为提供便利的目的之一。

面对越来越多的汽车污染以及日渐严重的交通压力，“顺风车”的出现无疑是件好事。但随之而来的“有偿搭车”现象却引起了各方的不同看法。

对此持赞同意见的人认为应该提倡这种做法，因为它既方便了乘车人，也减轻了车主的经

济负担，同时还能缓解城市交通压力；反对的人则认为私家车收费搭乘他人，严格意义上属于非法营运，由于它没有办理任何证件，干扰了正常的客运市场。政府应加以严格管理；一些保险公司相关人士还认为，一旦发生事故，保险公司有权拒赔，理由是营运车风险比较大，同类型汽车的保险费收费标准，营运车辆要高于私家车。

2.2 Why are girls not as good at maths and science?

Girls don't do as well at maths and science as boys. There are several reasons for this. The first and most important reason is that they aren't encouraged to play with toys that build up interest in maths and science problems and that build skills for problem solving or understanding how things work. Girls are encouraged to play with toys that foster language and human relations skills. As a result, they can grow up not knowing how an engine works or how to build a model from directions.

Second, studies have shown that teachers don't expect girls to be good at maths. Even female maths and science teachers pay more attention to boys in class and call on boys more often. Because teachers don't expect girls to excel, they don't try very hard, and soon girls are far behind boys in these studies.

Finally, girls don't have many role models to look up to. Not very many maths and science teachers are women, especially in the later grades. When the media picture mathematicians and scientists, they usually picture men. As a result, girls aren't inspired to choose these fields as careers.

In summary, several factors work together in the home, in schools, and in society at large to send a subtle message to girls. Girls almost always get the message; as a

result, few girls excel at maths and science. III. Interpreting exercise

2.1 Yo-Yo Ma

词汇与短语

cellist 大提琴家

span 跨过

album 专辑

Grammy 格莱美奖

composer 作曲家

Carnegie Hall 卡耐基音乐大厅

Julliard School of Music 朱利亚音乐学院anthropology 人类学

collaborate 合作

genre 流派

vocal cords 声带

Language tips

1. His career as a professional cellist spans more than 20 years and over 50 albums.

他的大提琴职业生涯跨越了20余年50多张专辑。”To span” is to cover, to cross. It

would sound more idiomatic Chinese if the sentence were translated: 作为大提琴演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经横跨了20多个年头，期间他发布了50多张专辑。

2. His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today. 他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。”To shape who he is today”, to make him what he is, or to contribute to his achievements.

3. The most important thing when he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance：对他来说，最重要的就是每一场演出都全身心地投入。”Give all of himself al l of the time”, to be fully concentrated, to devote all of himself to.

Today we’ll meet one of the greatest cellists of our times, Yo-Yo Ma. His career as a professional cellist spans more than 20 years and over 50 albums. He has been honored for his music with many awards

including an amazing 14 Grammy. He has played on many important occasions including the Grammy and the Olympics. //

Yo-Yo Ma was born in France to Chinese parents who were both musicians. His mother was a singer, his father, a composer. Yo-Yo Ma gave his first public performance when he was only 5. 4 years later, at the tender age of 9, he was playing at the prestigious Carnegie Hall in New York, by which time the family had moved to the US. // Yo-Yo Ma pursued his cello studies at the Julliard School of Music. From there he opted to attend Harvard and got a degree in anthropology. His experiences at Harvard as well as his multi-cultural background have helped to shape who he is today. //

Today Yo-Yo Ma continues his musical journey, never hesitating to collaborate with musicians of all genres and from

around the world. He is inspired by people and nature. To him, the cello is an extension of his vocal cords. The most important thing when he plays is to give all of himself all of the time in a performance, to try to transmit the contents of the music to the audience he is playing for. //

IV Self-study material

Instruction: Retell to each other the following dialogue in groups, trying to compare whose logic is clearer and why.

词汇与短语

“Hero”《英雄》（电影名）

动作片action movie

模式formula

报仇血恨revenge

功夫超群outstanding Kongfu master

题材广博much broader theme “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon”

《卧虎藏龙》（电影名）

李安Ann Lee（《卧虎藏龙》导演）huge hit 引起轰动，取得巨大成功sequels 续集

martial arts champion 武术冠军

独特的武打技巧 unique martial arts technique

很深的哲理sophisticated philosophy

CNN：Congratulations on “Hero”. I mean, is the part very similar to what you

normally play?

李连杰：不，这是一部不同寻常的电影中的一个非常独特的角色，和我以往演过的角色

都不一样。可以说这是我最重要的动作

片之一。

CNN：Why do you say that? You have made about 30 movies. How is this one

different from the rest?

李连杰：通常的动作片都有这么一个模式：一个孩子的父母亲被杀，这个孩子从小习武，

立志报仇血恨。长大后他果然功夫超群，

除掉坏蛋，为父母报仇。但《英雄》的

题材则广博得多。

CNN：Is it very similar to “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon” for example?

李连杰：完全不同。我认为李安是个非常有才华的导演，他用武术来描写爱情。而张艺

谋则尝试用武术来描述中国文化，中国

人的思想，以及他们期望的世界是什么

样的。

CNN：That’s very deep. We know your first-ever movie was “Shaolin

Temple”made in 1979 when you

were still just a teenager. The movie

was a huge hit in Asia and was

followed by two sequels. Let me ask

you, how did you move from being a

martial arts champion to becoming a

Hollywood action star?

李连杰：我认为最重要的原因还是我自幼习武，这是我的特长。我可以在电影里使用自

己独特的武打技巧。我也一直想做些与

众不同的事，如通过武术来谈论和平，

实现和平。

CNN：That almost sounds like a contradiction, right? You are a

fighter here, and you talk about

peace?

李连杰：对。其实中国文化并不只是武打功夫这些表面现象。中国人并不是都懂得武术，

只知道打人，没有思想没有大脑的。中

国文化有很深的哲理，我觉得我有责任

告诉世界。

口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析

Module 2 Logical analysis I Theory and skills 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点(具体的信息内容) 、线(各点之间的联系)和面(即整体概念)进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的练习 1.1 介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，女口：概括(generalization )、分类(classification )、因果 (cause-effect )、对比对照 (compare & contrast )、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列 (sequencing )、列举( simple listing )、提出问题 - 解决问题( problem-solution )等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sumup, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly ， compared to 等；表示对照的有： on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently 等；表示因果的则有： so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to 等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。 II Skills practice Teaching suggestions: Tell the students to form a mind picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main points with the corresponding sub-points, and then do the retelling to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis. Instruction: retell the passage, paying attention to the logic 2.1 有偿搭车 “上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中

口译案例分析

Interculture Awareness Plays an Important Role in Translation Interculture awareness, a basic talent of an interpreter, is very important. It directly influences the translation’s quality and it can be a measure of a wonderful interpreter. An interpreter with a sensitive interculture awareness can interpret more correctly and be understood more easily. At the press conference held on the March 14, 2010, the Prime Minister Wen quoted the classic Chinese poetries which are in short form but in deep meaning more than ten times in answer to foreign journalists’questions. It was rather hard to interpret those poetries, but Wen’s interpreter, Zhang Lu, translated them into English calmly, quickly and fluently, which reflected her wonderful interculture awareness. Zhang’s translation will be discussed as follows: Case: the Premier Wen said in a opening remark: “今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。但是我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈麻痹和动摇。”And then he expressed that he wanted to do his best in the next three years with words quoted from《离骚》:“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。” Translation by Zhang: The road ahead is not a smooth one, it maybe full of twists and turns. But we should always re-member this important thing: that is half of the people who have embarked on the one hundred miles journey may fall by the way side，this means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, and we must not waive r in our resolve … For the ideal I hold dear to my heart，I would not regret a thousand times to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote my-self to my work in the next three years. “亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”,quoted by the Premier from 《离骚》, is familiar to most Chinese. The “九死”was translated into “a thousand times to die”is very idiomatic because Chinese always use the “三”or “九”to express “a lot of times”and Zhang translated it into a form that is familiar to foreigners. The translation of “行百里者半九十”, by contrast, is not so exact. The phrase quoted from 《战国策·秦策五》means that if one has finished 90 km in 100km-road, it is considered as that one has finished half of the road because the last 10 km is more harder than the former 90km, that is to say, one should work harder or one will fail. That phrase is often used to urge people to start well and end well. The Chinese interpreter can not translate the Chinese poetry into English very exactly in a hurry but if the interculture awareness is made most of in the translation, the interpreter will perform better. For example, the phrase can be translated into “Ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey”. In conclusion, interculture awareness plays an important role in translation. It can help the translator to understand the speaker better and interpret more exactly. Therefore, the interpreters should cultivate sensitive intervculture awareness to improve translation quality.

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源： 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例：简化汉字举例： 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如： impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如： UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母： A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：

口译中的逻辑分析

口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。

英语即兴演讲稿与英语口译中的演讲技巧分析汇编

英语即兴演讲稿范文 i like to look into the mirror. i remember when i was a little girl, i often stood on my toes, trying to find my face in the mirror of the dressing table, which was nearly as high as i was. now i still like to look into the mirror. only now, the dressing table is too low for me. as i bend down, i see the face of a young woman, glowing with maturity, confident in her future and fascinated with her own reflection. the fact that i like to look into the mirror has to do with my granny with whom i spent most of my childhood. i remember clearly that one night i heard her murmuring, "women can't be seen. women can't be seen." i was so confused as to look into the mirror the next morning to check if i could indeed see myself. only now as a young woman myself, can i understand that it was not physical visibility that granny had on her mind. granny spent all her life taking care of the family, day in and day out. she cooked for her husband and 10 children. but whenever guests came, she and other female family members had to eat by the stove in the small kitchen. at family discussions, she was never asked for her opinion. after grandpa passed away, she had to listen to my uncle, her eldest son, fulfilled her duty as daughter, wife, and mother; yet as a person, she remained little noticed. even though she could see herself in the mirror of the dressing table, she was never visible in the mirror of society. i have been living a different life. at home, i make decisions together with the rest of the family. in school, i often take charge of various activities the same as other boys and girls. not only that, i can see something granny could not have dreamed of─making decisions for my own future. my life has been a series of decisions. i could choose from several universities as i came out of high school. at university, i could choose from a range of subjects from english literature to business law. and now upon graduation, i am again faced with decisions─to further my study or to go to work; to stay in china or to go abroad; to get married right away or to remain single for a bit longer. it does not matter whether or not i will bee famous or rich, but i will treasure the chance to demonstrate my potential and to help other women demonstrate theirs as full members of society, fully visible in the mirror of history. i will treasure it because the abundance of choice that i enjoy came only after decades of efforts made by my granny, my mum, and millions of other chinese women. however, the choices to be made by me and others of my generation are a great challenge. the misconception that men are superior to women is still dominating many people's minds. while men are encouraged to pete and to assert themselves, we are expected to be quiet, loyal 第1 页共5 页

口译中的逻辑分析

口译中的逻辑分析口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。

口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析

练习1.1介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in

口译笔记要则

笔记是高级口译的关键。使用笔记，是为了补充大脑短期记忆和耐久力的不足，以保证译文的精确度，并保证其不受讲话人持续时间的影响。如果完全依赖记忆，又没有异常的天赋，即使精力充沛的年青人，也不能胜任高级口译对精确度和耐久力的要求。实际例子，我在工作中多次碰到过。高级口译员没有不靠笔记的。但是，高级口译使用的笔记与一般的概念，风马牛不相及。请注意，每个人的记忆，思维，和反应都有各自的特点。没有必要全部照搬我的方法。最好用的笔记方式是你自己发展出来的，适合自己的系统。我的介绍是为了给你开个头，起个指点方向，打开思路的作用。比如，笔记越简单，记录就越迅速。但笔记简单了，对短期记忆的要求就相对提高了。所以，笔记多少为最佳，因人而易，需要摸索出适合于自己的平衡。要点是： 1. 少写多划。划线条比写文字快。线条形象，相当于翻译的"半成品"，有助译员眼看笔记，口出译文。两种情况下应该尽量用线条：表示动作和动态的词句。比如，以上升的斜线代表"发展"，"增加"，"进步","进一步"；以下降的斜线代表"减少"，"下降"，"恶化"等等。表示因果或前后关系的词句。比如，用一条线代表"因为/所以"，"…之后"，"在…之前"，以体现出上下前后之间的关联关系。 2. 少字多意。养成一个词的笔记不超过一个字的习惯。中文里有大量的词汇是由两个，或两个以上的字组成。只要看到其中一个，你的短期记忆就应该能够补齐其余的字。不必多写。比如，"中国"最多写个"中"。"北京"最多写个"北"。英文词也同理处理。"politics" 最多写"poli"，"government"最多写"gov"，等等。另外，需要培养以笔记与记忆互动；看到一个字能说出几个字，甚至一串词的能力。在有上下文的情况下，这不难。比如，谈中国的近况，听到"改革，开放"记一个"改"字，不难从短期记忆中说出原文。听到"British Prime Minister Tony Blair"，记"PM"，也同样能说出原文。 3. 少线多指。通用一小组线条/标记。否则在自己本来熟悉的中英文之外，又编出一套自己不熟悉的文码使用，会导致需要想一想用哪个符号的情况，适得其反。 4. 少横多竖。采取从上往下的阶梯结构记录，尽量少用通常书写时的横向记录。阶梯结构形象地体现出上下文的逻辑结构，简化了译员的思维过程，方便出译文。 5. 快速书写。必须发展自己的汉字快速书写系统。口译笔记完全是自己看，而且只需要几分钟之内能看懂就行。很多汉字笔划减少后，并不影响确认。我这里讲的不是潦草，而是除了实际口译经常不得不潦草之外，花一些时间，把练习中或口译工作中常用的字琢磨一下，看看可以怎样减少笔划，或理顺笔划，一笔成字。

浅析口译特点及技巧(英语口译论文)

英语口译期末课程论文题目：浅析口译特点及技巧班级：1009班姓名：叶鹏 2014年1月2日

论文摘要本文从口译的不同角度分析了口译特点, 包括即席性、准确性和复杂性。并在此基础上分析了口译的基本技巧及训练内容。文章首先提出了随着中国与国际社会的交流日趋广泛，英汉口译变的越来越重要，对口译员的要求也越来越高。接着，文章简单论述了口译的特点。最后分别论述了汉英口译的标准和口译技巧。关键词：口译特点口译标准口译技巧引言：随着我国改革开放的深入发展，中国国际地位的提高，越来越多的中国人参与到国际交流中来，亲身感受到掌握一门外语的必要。英语之所以成为大多数人首选的外语，是因为目前全世界每七个人中就有一个人是以英语为母语（Native Language）或第二语言（Second Language），还有更多的国家是把英语作为外语（Foreign Language）来使用的。就翻译而言，虽然口、笔译有所不同，笔译训练有助于口译。因此我们要求口译者具有一定的笔译基础，并能够用英语口头表达一般思想。除了语言因素外，直接影响到口译质量和效果的还有其他因素，其中有智力因素，也有非智力因素，比如生理、心理的状况等等。一、口译的特点 1、即席性即席性即在场性, “是各种口译普遍具有的一个特征, 它是由口语的即席性特点决定的。”口译和口语是密切相关的,口语是口译的基础, 口语的即席性决定了口译的即席性。在此过程中边听边分析整理、边组织、边表达。口译的即席性要求翻译员在此过程中精力集中, 思维敏捷, 仔细观察。 2、准确性准确性是口译一项最基本的要求。对数字, 人名, 地名等的翻译尤其需要准确性, 一个小小的失误将造成不必要的麻烦。口译的准确性还体现为译员的口头表达必须准确、清晰、流畅。译员的工作工具是口语, 因此他们的语言表达直接影响谈话的顺利进行, 即使全面复述双方所要传达的意思, 用词不准确,显然非常不好。 3、复杂性一个优秀的译员不仅要熟悉业务, 而且要具备良好的自身素质, 包括知识水平, 心

口译中的逻辑分析介绍

口译中的逻辑分析介绍口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点（具体的信息内容）、线（各点之间的联系）和面（即整体概念）进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，如：概括（generalization）、分类（classification）、因果（cause-effect）、对比对照（compare & contrast）、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列（sequencing）、列举（simple listing）、提出问题-解决问题（problem-solution）等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly，compared to 等；表示对照的有：on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等；表示因果的则有：so, since, because,

口译逻辑与口译笔记

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英语口译中的演讲技巧分析

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