定语从句和宾语从句怎么区分

定语从句和宾语从句怎么区分？怎么用？

最近很多读者在我们英语周报学习交流群内提问有关定语从句和宾语从句的问题，这是目前大家英语学习中的重点、难点，也是考试中常见的考点之一，掌握它们的用法非常重要。下面小编就帮大家梳理、总结一下定语从句和宾语从句的区别及具体用法，希望能对大家的英语学习起到帮助作用，好了，一起来学习吧！

定语从句

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句。

1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。如：

A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语，指物)

That’s is the best hotel that I know. (作宾语，指物)

Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (作主语，指人)

The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人)

2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。如：

They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语，指物)

The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物)

3. 关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。如：

The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人)

The person to whom you talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人)

【即学即练】用who, whom, which或that完成下列句子。

1. It’s a book ________ introduces how to cook.

2. There are many volunteers ________ are helping the poor children.

3. This is the bike ________ my brother gave me for my birthday.

4. The girl ________ is standing under the tree is my little sister.

5. The woman ________ you met yesterday is my aunt.

6. Bruce, there is someone outside ________ would like to see you.

7. Do you know the boy ________ threw the stone at the window?

8. I am looking for the backpack ________ I bought yesterday.

宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：

I doubt whether he will succeed.

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.

注意：

1. 宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。如：

I don’t know who all the people are.

Please find out when the ship sails for New York.

He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him.

2. 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

I find it strange what she said at the meeting.

We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.

【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下列句子。

1. 我们当中没人知道这些新盘子在哪里可以买到。None of us knows ________________.

2. 你知道我们什么时候出发吗？

Do you know ___________________?

3. 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

He hasn’t decided _______________.

4. 你能告诉我你在美国的所见所闻吗？

Can you tell me ________________?

答案

定语从句

【即学即练】

1. that / which

2. who / that

3. that / which

4. who / that

5. whom / who / that

6. who / that

7. who / that

8. that / which

宾语从句

【即学即练】

1. where these new plates can be bought

2. when we’ll start

3. if / whether he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi

4. what you saw and heard in America