大学英语自学教程(上)及课文难点讲解

Unit 1

Text A How to Be a Successful Language Learner?

搭配：

1.disagree with 不同意/动词词组

2.guarantee sth. for sb. 保证某人某事/动词词组

e.g. This will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 这样不能确保每一位学习语言的成

年人都成功。

3.be different from 与什么不同/形容词词组

4.succeed in sth./ doing sth. 成功做某事/动词词组

5.offer advice to sb. 给某人建议/动词词组

6.play with sth. 轻松学习某事物/动词词组

7.in many ways 再很多方面/介词词组

8.depend on sb./sth. for sth. 依靠某人或某事而获得某事/动词词组

9.discover one’s own way to do sth. 发现并用自己的方法做某事/动词词组

10.instead of sth./ doing sth. 想反/而没有做某事/介词词组

11.wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事/动词词组

12.look for sth./sb. 寻找某人或某物/动词词组

13.make a mistake 犯错误/动词词组

14.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事/形容词词组

15.be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事/形容词词组

16.do sth. with a purpose 有目的地做某事/故意做某事/动词词组

17.be interested in sth./sb. 对某人或某物很感兴趣/形容词词组

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4116563496.html,municate with sb. 与某人交流/动词词组

19.learn from sb. 想某人学习

20.might do well to do sth. 最好做某事

句型：

1.S.+V.+it+adj.+to do sth. 形式宾语句型

n.

e.g. S ome people find it difficult to succeed in language learning.

Some people find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

They find it easy to practice using the language regularly.

2.It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 形式主语句型

e.g. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every

word.

It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn for them.

语言点：

1.success(n.)-successful(adj.)-succeed(v.) 成功

2.hundreds of people与eight hundred people：请注意有数词存在后，表量名词的变化。

3.advice/information 为不可数名次。不能有复数形式。

4.practice doing sth. 练习做某事

5.less than +adj. 不怎么+形容词的含义如：less than happy 不怎么开心

阅读技巧：

1.conversely

2.on the other hand

这两个词出现时，下文所讲内容将与上文所提内容截然相反。

Text B Language

搭配：

1.with the help of 在什么的帮助下

2.at a table 坐在桌旁（准备就餐）

3.in this way 这样

4.mean to do sth. 本意是想要做某事

5.not at all +adj. 一点也不+相容词的含义

e.g. not at all thirsty 一点也不渴

6.as you see 可见

7.consist of 包括，组成

8.put sth. into sth. 把什么融入什么

句型：

1.not only …but also…不但…而且…

e.g. We can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways.

我们不但可以在语言的帮助下，还可以用其它的方式来告诉别人我们在想什么。

2.neither… nor…既不…也不

e.g. People who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers.

既不能听也局能说的人也可以用他们的手指来彼此交流。

3.each time 每一次（连词：用来连接两个句子）

e.g. He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink.

每一次服务员给他拿来喝的东西他都摇头。

语言点：

1.mean-meant; shake-shook; meet-met

2.半系动词后加名词：look sad; keep silent

3.说语言要用speak

阅读技巧：

for instance 或for example 后的文字是用来支持阐述上面所述文字的。

Unit 2

Text A Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes

搭配：

1.be sure of 确保、一定、毫无疑问/形容词词组

2.have a corner in/on sth. 垄断/动词词组

e.g. have a corner on the textile market 垄断纺织市场

have a corner in textile 对纺织品进行垄断

3.lead the world with sth. 以什么来引领世界/动词词组

4.vary in sth. 有差异 e.g. vary in ideas 想法有差异

vary sth. 改变 e.g. vary your attitude 改变你的观点

vary with 随什么而改变

vary from sth./sb. to sth./sb. 什么什么各不相同

e.g. vary from person to person 人人不同vary from place to place每个地方各不相同

5. sth. is due. 到了该什么的时间了。e.g. The federal taxes are due. 到了该收税款的时间了

6. be similar to 与什么一样/形容词词组

7. buy sth. for +多少钱/动词词组 e.g. buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents.

8. in addition to sth./doing sth.除了（表示加的概念）/名词词组

e.g. In addition to teaching, she is in charge of managing the whole school.

In addition to his flat in Chaoyang, he has anther flat in Haidian.

9.in two forms 以两种形式

10.charge on sth. 收取什么的费用 e.g. charge on cars in a city.收取城内汽车的费用。

be charged with被控诉有某种罪行；be charged by sb. 由某人收取费用

charge for 收取多少价钱e.g. How much do you charge for this car?这辆车你要多少钱？

in charge 负责 e.g. Who is in charge here? 谁在这负责？

11.raise funds for 为什么筹集资金 e..g raise funds for education 为教育筹集资金。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4116563496.html,plain about sth./sb. 抱怨某人或某事／动词词组；complain of sth. 述说病情

13.spend sth. in doing sth.; spend sth. on sth. 花费时间；金钱；精力做某事／动词词组

14.have different views on sth./sb. 对某人或某事有不同观点／动词词组

15.tend to do sth. 倾向做某事；

16.agree on sth. 同意做某事；agree with sb. 与某人意见一致

语言点：

1.salary工资（n.）-salaried工资的（adj.）

2. a percentage of 表示抽象概念；数字+percent of 表示多少的百分比

3.work表示工作没有复数；works表示工厂或著作

Text B Advertising

语言点：

1.part of某整体中的一部分（可大,可小；但不可分割）；a part of 某整体中很小的一部分

2. on radio/ television 通过收音机/电视

3. sth. is available. 可以提供某物

搭配：

1.attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人注意/动词词组

2.for the most part 很大程度上，在大多数情况下，一般地说/作插入语

3.persuade sb. To do sth. 劝说某人做某事/动词词组

4.put out ads. 做广告/动词词组

5. A is characteristic of B A是B的特征

e.g. Quick speech is characteristic of me. 讲话快是我的特征。

6. catch the eye 吸引某人/动词词组

7. no more than 仅仅e.g. What he said is no more than rubbish. 他说的话仅仅是垃圾。

8. identify with 把什么和什么联系起来 e.g. It is hard for me to identify his behavior with his thought.

我很难把他的想法和他的行为联系起来。

9. be carried over into继续下去；遗留下去 e.g. The same techniques have been carried over into

television ads. 同样的方法也运用在电视广告中。

10. add sth. to sth.把什么加在什么上／动词词组；mix sth. and sth. 把什么和什么融合在一起

11. put up with忍耐／动词词组

e.g. How can you put up with a person of his sort.你怎么能容忍他那样的人？

12. be responsible for sb./sth 为某人或某事负责／动词词组

13. decide on sth.; decide to do sth.决定（做）某事／动词词组

14. make an estimate of the costs估计价值／动词词组

15.be involved in sth.／doing 参与某事/动词词组

Unit 3

Text A The Atlantic Ocean

搭配：

1.separate A from B 把某人；或某物分开/动词词组

2.keep sb. from doing sth. 使某人无法做某事；无法做某事/动词词组

3.on the average 平均；below/above the average 在什么的水平以下；上/介词词组

4.furnish sth for sb. 给某人提供某物/动词词组

5.pile up 折起，累计，若干车辆碰在一起/动词词组

语言点：

1.本课带宾补的动词：make

e.g. make early sailors unwilling to do sth.(宾补)

Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual.

2.形容词的特殊用法：

It is more than 4000 miles wide.(形容词后置)

On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep.

3.形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后，如：

e.g. We couldn’t do it in so short a time.

She is too kind a girl to refuse.

Aids is so terrible a disease.

He is too old a man to do that kind of job.

4.suppose +句子=表示一种假设

5.it takes/took +（某人）+多少时间+to do sth. 花了某人多少时间做某事。

It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

6.much可以用来修饰形容词的比较级。E.g. much better; much deeper.

7.raise为及物动词，后可以加宾语，e.g. raise the pay.(增加工资)；rise为不及物动词（其后不能加宾语），

e.g. the sun rises in the east. 注：宾语为名词，代词，动词的-ing.

8.在一般名词所构成的专有名此前需要加定冠词。

E.g. the Azores 亚苏尔群岛; the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

9.for用来连接两个句子的时候为并列连词，表原因。

E.g. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind.

10.In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here.主谓一致

11.so … that/ such …that 句型：太…+句子

e.g. We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. 我们现在有

太多快速的旅行方式，因此大西洋看起来好像小了很多。

So主要用来修饰形容词或副词；such 则最终需要修饰名词。

12.across为介词或副词，使用它时，句子中应该已有动词。

E.g Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.

Cross为动词，作谓语或跟在动词不定式to 后面。E.g. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it.

Text B The Moon

搭配：

1.be kept tied to sth./sb. 离不开某人/紧紧的依附于某物

2.face towards sth./sb. 面向；face away from sth./sb. 背向

3.keep sth./sb. in mind 牢记于心

4.be lighted up by sth. 被什么照亮

5.speak of 提及；说到

6.reflect sth. on to sth. 把什么反射到什么上去

语言点：

1.半系动词(半系动词后加形容词)：remain/stand/look/appear

2.世界独一无二的事物前应该加定冠词。如：the earth, the world, the moon

3.except, except for, besides怎么区别？

besides

“除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。

Have you got any clothes besides these? 除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?

except

不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all, everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。

They all went to the Summer Palace except one. 除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。

except f or

常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。

The roads were clear except for a few cars. 除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。

4.enough作为副词时修饰形容词放在形容词后，adj.+enough for sb. to do sth. e.g. it is light enough for us

to be able to see its outline.

5.初次接触到带介词定语从句，如：

The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth.

“The old moon in the new moon’s arms” is nothing but that part of the moon’s surface on which it is night.

There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.

Which代指前面被修饰的名词，翻译时，就把which前的介词放在被修饰的名词前即可。

如: The light by which=by light 通过月光

surface on which=on surface 在月亮上的表面

several ways in which=in several ways 在很多方面

6.感观动词see的特殊用法：see sb. do sth.或see sb. doing sth. 前者表示看到了全过程，或者表示正在

看到的动作。

7.nothing but表示仅仅E.g. The money brought nothing but sadness.这笔钱仅仅带来了痛苦。

Unit 4

Text A Improving Your Memory

搭配：

1.focus on sb./sth.; be focused on 集中；聚焦；关注/动词词组

a focus of attention 注意力/名词词组

2.at all levels 在各个层次/介词词组

3.make any sense to sb. 对某人来说有意义；某人不明白某事/动词词组

4.make a difference in sth./doing sth. 在什么方面有区别/动词词组

5.ability to do sth. 有能力做某事；注：永远没有ability of doing sth./名词词组

6.keep in random order 顺序混乱/动词词组

7.group sth. into sth. 把什么按什么分组/动词词组

8.as follows 如下所示/副词词组

9.needless to say 毋庸多言/作插入语

10.refer to sth./doing sth.提到、指的是、参考；refer back to 重提某事；refer sb. to sb. else 让某人去

找另外一人 e.g. If he needs any further information, refer him to me. 如果他还需要了解什么情况，让他来找我。注：prefer 更喜欢。

11.relate sth. to/with sth. 把什么和什么联系在一起：可指物或事件。

associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人或某事联系在一起：特指人。

12. compare A with B 把A和B作比较/动词词组

语言点：

1. a number of 表示许多，后面接可数名词复数；an amount of 后接不可数名词

2.形式主语句：it is/was +adj.+to do sth.；to do sth.为真正的主语，it为形式主语

e.g. It is useful to know how these principles work.

3.使役动词：make sb. do sth./ help sb. do sth.

4.Categorizing is another means of organization. 注：动词的-ing做主语；means单复数同型

5.In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.(注意介词后的动词

形式)

6.Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to

visualize the items to be remembered.(注意动词不定式后使用被动态是由于item 和remember 之间是被动关系)研究表明当人们被要求用形象的办法来记住东西的时候，各种记忆力都会得到明显的提高。

Text B Short-term Memory

搭配：

1.in contrast 与此相反; 同义词conversely, on the other hand （阅读技巧：下文和上文的完全转折）

2.over and over 一次又一次地/副词词组

3.look up sth. in sth. 在什么中查找，查阅什么/动词词组

4.repeat sth. to oneself 自言自语/动词词组

5.study sth. with sth. 用什么来研究什么/动词词组

6.turn on/turn off the lights 开灯、关灯/动词词组

7.be released from some place 被从什么地方放出/动词词组

8.to begin with 首先，最初/副词词组

语言点：

1.时态问题：在时间状语、条件状语从句中，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时表示将来。E.g. If someone

interrupts you, you will probably forget the number.

2.able—unable

3.Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. 注：

Following=after; a 15-question test=a 15 questions’ test; a five-year old boy=a five years’ old boy

4.relate(联系)-related（相连的）-unrelated（不相关联的）

Unit 5

Text A Fallacies about Food

搭配：

1.be eager to do sth./be eager for sth. 渴望做某事/动词词组

2.be supposed to do sth. 应该，被认为去做某事；it is supposed that 人们认为

3.be supplied to sb. 把某物提供给某人

4.substitute A for B 用A来替换B/动词或名词词组

5.wash sth. down sth. 用什么来涑下什么/动词词组

6.have to do with/have nothing to with/have much to do with与某人或某事有关/无关/很有关

语言点：

1.阅读技巧：阅读时间如果很紧张的话，我们可以把两个逗号间的内容省略不看。

2.使役动词：Eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Make后用动词原形；同样make也是可

以带宾语补足语的动词，e.g. eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.

Think也可以带宾语补足语。E.g. People thought tomatoes poisonous.

3.may have done sth. 表示对过去的推测e.g. He may have cried yesterday. 他昨天有可能哭了。She may

have found a job last week. 她有可能上个星期已经找到工作了。

4.civil(国民的)-civilized（文明的）-civilization（文明）

5.it is/was thought that 有人认为

6.eat-ate(过去时)

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4116563496.html,ter another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up. Tomato的复数形式需要在词末加es.

Idea grows up. 出现某种观点。

8.冠词问题：World War II; the Second World War

9.drink-drunk(过去分词)

Text B Do Animals Think?

搭配：

1. a great deal 非常/副词词组，放在动词后；a great deaf of +n.（不可数）大量

2.be true with(of) sb./sth. 什么什么也是真的；如此/动词词组

3.as well 也/副词词组，放在句末

4.be engaged in sth./doing 忙于做某事/动词词组

5.search for 寻找/动词词组

6.in some respects 在一些方面/介词词组

7.take care of 照顾/动词词组

8.make improvement in 在哪方面取得进步

9.by instinct 本能地/副词词组

10.think out 周密考虑/动词词组

11.speak of 说到/动词词组

12.let sb./sth. out 释放/动词词组

13. a variety of 多种多样的/表量词组

14.have no knowledge of sth/sb./doing sth. 对什么人/什么事/做某事一无所知/动词词组

语言点：

1.live(v.)—lively(adj.活泼的)

2.倒装句：hardworking as they are. 此处的as表示although或though，尽管的意思，但用as时，需要

把形容词或副词放在句首+as+顺状语序。该句话翻译成：尽管他们很努力工作。E.g. Although I love you much, I still can’t help you. 可以转换成：Much as I love you, I still can’t help you. E.g. Though this movie is very moving, I still can’t afford time to see it. 可以转换成：Moving as this movie is, I still can’t afford time to see it.

3.sober冷静的/严肃的；其比较级是more sober

4.could have done/could have been done 本可以做或被做的事而没有做。

could not have done/could not have been done 本不可能做或被做的事而作了

5.主语+is not long in doing sth 做某事不会花很长时间

6.难句：Many of things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning, or in some

way which we cannot understand. 词句话为倒装语序，顺装应为：They seem to know many of things that animals know how to do, either without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. 其中：either…or…表示“要么…要么…”把此句可以翻译成：它们似乎知道很多动物做事的方法，这些方法要么不是靠学到的，要么就是以我们所不理解的方式知道的。

7.重要句型：We never see frogs engaged in sport.

The owl always looks as if he were considering some important question.(as if的句型里出现

了虚拟语气，由于是对现在的虚拟，所以采用了系动词were的形式)

Now, if he had had his wits about him, he would have known that there was no use in building

a dam where there was no water.(此句为对过去虚拟的句型，原则为if条件句型用助动词had

加上动词的过去分词形式，主句用情态动词would等加上have done 的形式；本句第二个

had是have one’s wits 这个词组的动词过去分词形式；另外，此处的there was no use in 后

面只能接动词的ing 形式)

Animals think much while building their houses.(此句话为省略句型之所以用building，一方

面是因为在时间状语从句里省略了语主句相同的主语animals和系动词are，另一方面是

因为animals 可以发出build的动作，所以用主动的doing形式)

They are said to do sth. 据说……

It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dams and huts.（本句话为强调

句型；划线部分为强调句型的基本配置，划线部分之间是被强调成分）

The reason why…做某事的原因

It is plain that +从句很明显

Their minds are so much unlike outs that they do not know the difference between right and

wrong. (此句为so …that…句型；unlike为adj.表示不像)

Unit 6

Text A Diamonds

搭配：

1.change sth. into sth. 把什么变成什么/动词词组

2.exist in 存在于/动词词组

3.mass of 团、堆、块/表量词组

4.become popular with/among sb. 受谁的喜欢，欢迎/动词词组

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4116563496.html,e at a good time 适逢其时/动词词组

6.be running out 渐渐用尽/动词词组

7.handfuls of 成捧的（东西）/表量词组

8.sort out 淘选出/动词词组

语言点：

1.be made from sth.指sth.已看不出原材料（如酒是高粱做的）；be make of sth. 指sth.可以看出原材料（如

桌子是木头做的）

2.it is thought that +从句人们认为

3.good enough for doing sth. 好到可以做某事

4.experience(n./v.)-experienced(adj.有经验的)

5.be classed as 被作为什么而分类/动词词组

6.the former…the latter 前者，后者

Text B The Difference between Plants and Animals

搭配：

1.tell A from B 辨别/动词词组

2.be satisfied with sb/sth./doing sth. 对什么/某人表示满意/动词词组

3.take place 发生（无法阻止的事情）/动词词组

4.lie in 存在于/动词词组

5.live on sth. 靠什么而生存/动词词组

6.work wonders 创造奇迹/动词词组

7.take in the riches 吸取精华/动词词组

8.suck up 吸收，吸取/动词词组

9.be different from 与什么不同

语言点：

1.There are many plants which have neither roots nor leaves nor flowers, while there are some animals which

seem to have all three. (neither…nor句型表示两者都不) e.g. People who can neither hear nor speak talk to each other with the help of their fingers. (并列动词)；My doctor told me I should neither smoke nor drink.

（并列动词）；She neither knows nor cares what has happened to her ex-husband. (并列动词)

2.冠词问题：The blue haze, like smoke, is the dividing line between the heavens and the earth.(世界上独一无

二的东西)。

3.You may look at a group of cows standing under the trees or catch a bee at his early drink in a morning-glory

bell. Look at 为感官动词，其后可以加动词原形，也可以用动词的ing形式。用动词原形表明看到了全过程，用动词的ing形式表示看到动作正在进行中。

4.magnify(v.放大)—magnifying glass(adj. 放大镜)

5.puzzle(v.使迷惑)—puzzling(adj.某事/某人/给某人造成了迷惑的情感)—puzzled(adj.自身感到很迷惑)

6.stomach的名词复数形式为stomachs

7.They see many things which most people would fail to see. fail to do sth. 不能做某事

8.主谓一致问题：分数或百分比后面的谓语动词采用何种形式要看其后紧跟的名词，如所跟名词为可数

名词复数，则谓语动词采用复数形式；所跟名词为不可数名词，则谓语动词采用单数形式。是就近原则的一种。E.g. We now know that about one fourth of all the kinds of seaweed are animals.

9.be to do sth. 是将来时的一种，表示命令或计划做某事

10.Animals can live only on what plants have already turned from inorganic to vegetable matter.(以后在名词型

从句处做具体讲解)

11.No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth, if the plants had not come first and

fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings. (对过去进行虚拟：主句用情态动词+have done, 从句用过去完成时had done 的形式)

12.It takes up such parts of the soil as are dissolved in the water. （as的句型是特殊的定语从句句型，由于前

面出现了such才会采用as 来做定语从句的关系代词；take up 的意思是吸收；本句话的意思为：植物还会吸收能够在水中溶解的部分土壤。）

Unit 7

Text A Families

搭配：

1.descend from 从什么传下来的/动词词组

2.think of…as…把什么看作是/动词词组

3.far away from 远离/副词词组

4.feeling of belongings 归属感/名词词组

5.with the change 随着变化/介词词组

6.care for 照顾/动词词组

7.split up 裂变，离婚/动词词组

8.talk of 谈及/动词词组

语言点：

1.Having a family simply means having children. (前一个动词的ing形式放在means这个谓语动词前是动

名词作主语；后一个动词ing形式放在means 这个谓语动词后是动名词作宾语)

2.No matter+(if, whether, how, what, when, who, where, which等连词)+句子. 表示无论……

3.Every family has a sense of what a family is.

4.industry(n.工业)—industrial(adj.工业的)—industrialize(v.使工业化)

5.increase(增长)这个动词经常用在进行时态中。

6.Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone, so they soon marry again and form

remarried families.(形式宾语句型：主语+谓语+it+n./adj.+to do +其他)

Text B The Changing American Family

搭配：

1.be important to sb. 对某人很重要/动词词组

2.provide for 为谁提供什么/动词词组

3.be expected to do sth. 应该做某事/动词词组

4.take care of 照顾/动词词组

5.work for pay 为了赚钱而工作/动词词组

6.be (not) considered to be/do sth. 被认为是什么，做什么/动词词组

7.make decisions about sth./doing sth. 做什么决定/动词词组

8.working wife 工作的妻子/名词词组

9.help sb. with sth. 帮助某人什么/动词词组

10.in contrast 与此相反/副词词组

11.get ready for 为什么做好准备/动词词组

12.be busy with sth./be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事/动词词组

13.in conclusion 最后/副词词组

14.bring changes to sb/sth.. 给某人带来了变化/动词词组

语言点：

1.similar(adj.相似的)—similarly(adv.相似地)--similarity(n.相似)

2.may have done sth. 对过去发生的事情进行推断e.g. She may have been married. 她有可能已经结婚

了。

Unit 8

Text A Telecommunication via Satellite

搭配：

1．At the begging of sth. 在什么的开始/介词词组

2．Change into 转变成/动词词组

3．From…to…从…到/介词词组

4．Pick up 接收/动词词组

5．Be capable of sth./doing sth. 某人能够胜任某职位；某事有可能做某事/形容词词组

6．In theory 理论上地/副词词组

7．Have access to sth./doing sth. 接触，使用，可接近/动词词组

e.g. You can easily have access to him. 他很好接近。

We have free access to her materials. 我们可以免费使用她的材料。

8．Provide help to people 为人们提供帮助/动词词组

9．Be able to do sth. 能够做某事/形容词词组

10．Follow sb.s instructions on sth. 在什么事上听从某人的意见/动词词组

11．Care for 照顾/动词词组

12．As well as 也/起到连接作用的词组

13．Be a risk to sth./doing sth. 做某事很冒险/名词词组

14．Pay for sth. 为某样物品付款/动词词组

15．Isolate sth./sb. from sth./sb. 市某人/某物与某人或某物隔绝/动词词组

16．Do one’s banking 存钱或取钱（银行业务）/动词词组

17．Prevent sth. from sth./doing sth. 阻止某事发生/动词词组

18．Lead sb. to success 引导某人成功；lead to sth./doing sth. 导致/动词词组

语言点：

1．时态题：By the middle of the century, both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and/or pictures. By the time of +现在时间状语，用一般现在时；by the time of +将来时间状语，用将来完成时；by the time of +过去时间状语，用过去完成时。

2．Printed materials 印刷材料；isolated areas 荒芜的地区

3．Entertain(v.娱乐)—entertained(adj. 娱乐的)—entertainment(n. 娱乐)

4．In 1975, many people in India saw television for the first time as they watched programs about agriculture and health. (因为)

5．Common的最高级the most common

6．难句：Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily, but…

make sth. available sth. 是宾语；available 这个adj.是sth. 的宾语补足语

电信可以使全世界的信息使用起来又便捷又容易。

7．Contact为不可数名词，可以用much来修饰，表示许多联系。

8．翻译：It is important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us.

意识到一项科技既能帮助我们又会伤害到我们，这很重要。

Text B What people Don’t Know about Air

搭配：

1．Be important to sb. 对某人来说很重要/形容词词组

2．In order to do sth. 为了做某事/表示目的的动词不定式短语

3．As we know it 正如我们所知道的那样/状语

4．Be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事，不得不做某事/动词词组

5．Seek shelter from 远离，躲避/动词词组

6．Protect sb. from sth./doing sth. 保护某人不受/动词词组

7．Rest upon 依赖，落在什么上/动词词组

8．Gaze at sth./sb. 盯着某人或某物看/动词词组

9．In wonder 惊讶地/副词词组

10．In the meantime 与此同时/副词短语

11．Pay attention to sth./doing sth. 注意某事/动词词组

12．Add sth. to sth. 添加/动词词组

语言点：

1．虚拟语气：

a.Without air, we could not exist.

b.Without air, there would be no fire.

c.Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.

结论：介词without+名词或代词，主语+could/would +动词原型。表示对现在进行虚拟。

d.If we did not have air, there would be no sound.

e.If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we could not have automobile tires.

f.The tires would burst if they did not have the pressure of the atmosphere against their surfaces.

结论：从句用动词的过去式，主句用could/would+动词原型。表示对现在进行虚拟。

2．时态题：Sound travels through air. 用现在时的原因表客观事实。

3．翻译：Where there is no air, there is no sound. 没有空气的地方就没有声音。

4．Deadly(adj.)致命的，e.g. deadly rays 致命的射线

5．But our bodies are built in such a way that this weight does not crush us.

6．翻译：Electrical energy is collected in the atmosphere as water is collected and stored in a dam. 电能被储藏在大气层里就宛若水被汇集并储藏在大坝里一样。

7．But a thorough study of electricity in the atmosphere was not possible until the development of radio and radar. Not…until…直到什么时候…才

8．Large amounts of +不可数名词，表示大量的

9．Unending adj. 无穷无尽的

Unit 9

Text A Learned Words and Popular Words

搭配：

1．Make up 构成/动词词组

2．Become familiar with sth./become familiar to sb. 对某人/某事很熟悉/形容词词组

3．Stock in trade 库存或常用手段/名词词组

4．Belong to 属于/动词词组

5．At large 逍遥地；一般地/副词词组

The criminals at large 逍遥法外的罪犯

Englishmen at large like to have the afternoon tea. 英国人一般喜欢喝下午茶。

6．Be known to sb. 为某人所知／动词词组

7．Acquaintance with sb./sth. 了解某人或某事/名词词组

8．In…style 以某种方式/介词词组

9．Describe sb./sth. as 把什么看作是，把某人描绘成/动词词组

10．In the first case 首先/副词词组

11．Apply sth. to sth. 把什么应用到什么上去；apply for sth. 申请什么/动词词组

12．Stock of words 词汇量/名词词组

13．As to 至于，有关于，就什么而言/介词词组

14．Be due to 因为/形容词词组

语言点：

1．Cultivated language 文雅的语言；limited class 有限的阶级；learned words 书卷词汇

2．A large number of +可数名词复数，表示大量的

3．Relative(adj.相关的)=relatively(adv.相关地)

4．Educate(v.教育)－educated(adj.有修养的)；elevate(v.升高)—elevated(adj.高贵的、尊严的)

5．High(adj. adv.高的-指某物的具体高度如：楼的高度)—highly(adv.高度的评价，属于抽象概念)

6．Be(适当形式)+of+importance/value/use/help=important/valuable/usable/helpful

7．The difference between popular and learned words may be easily seen in a few examples.

8．Must have done sth. 表示对过去的事情进行推测。E.g. We must have passed several years of our lives before learning the word vivacious.在我们学到vivacious这个单词时，我们有可能已经度过了生命中的好几年了。

9．Popular(adj.流行的)—popularity(n.流行)；sound—(adj.)有道理的

10．Opinions come up 产生观点

11．Its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary conversation.书卷词汇在英语词汇中的存在是因为书籍和文学修养的需要，而不是因为普通对话的需要。

Text B How Should You Build Up Your V ocabulary?

搭配：

1．Come across 偶然遇到，碰到/动词词组

2．Look up 查找/动词词组

3．At top speed 快速的/介词词组

4．Depend on sb./sth. 依赖某人或某事

5．After all 毕竟/副词词组

6．Begin with 开始于什么/动词词组

7．Make sense 有意义/动词词组

8．Have a preference for sth./doing sth. 偏爱，优先选择/动词词组

9．Look for 寻找/动词词组

10．Go through 经历/动词词组

11．Come up with 想到（如：某个想法/主意）/动词词组

12．Spark a interest in sth. 激发做某事的某种兴趣/动词词组

13．Be involved in sth. 参与某事/动词词组

14．Lead to 导致/动词词组

15．Develop a habit 养成习惯/动词词组

16．Provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某事/动词词组

17．Sharpen sb.’s awareness of sth. 提高某人的什么意识/动词词组

语言点：

1．A. When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across a new word in their reading, 84 percent said, “Look it up in the dictionary.”

B. Suppose someone asks you what the word “fast” means.

2．Make on e’s efforts most productive 宾补; 使你的努力变得有成效。

3．Reading travel books apparently comes “before” other kinds of reading. 动名词做主语

4．语法：Only when you go through the mental exercises to come up with a tentative definition should you open the dictionary to see if you’re right. 倒装句型

Only+状语+助动词+主语+动词的适当形式+其他

e. g. Only in that way could we solve the problem.

Only when he left did I feel lonely.

5．Heighten(v.提高、升高)heightened（adj.提高的）；increase(v.提高)increased(adj.提高的)

Unit 10

Text A Scientific Attitudes

搭配：

1．Seek answers to questions 寻找什么问题的答案（seek的过去式：sought）/动词词组

2．lay aside 搁置(lay的过去式：Laid)/动词词组

3．Be curious about 对什么好奇/形容词词组

4．Take apart (e.g. a watch) 拆散/动词词组

5．Combine sth. with sth. 把什么和什么结合在一起/动词词组

6．Carry out the experiment 完成试验/动词词组

7．Belief in sth./sb. 相信某人或某事/名词词组

8．（there is）an explanation for sth. 解释某事/名词性词组

9．There is a good reason why +句子这就是为什么的原因

10．Not at all 一点也不/副此词组

11．Regardless of 不管；无论/形容词词组

12．Succeed in sth./doing sth. 成工作某事/动词词组

13．The solutions to problems 问题的解决办法/名词的解决方法

14．In advance 提前/副词词组

15．Adapt sth. to sth. 使什么适应什么/动词词组

16．Make up one’s mind 下定决心/动词词组

17．Once and for all 一劳永逸地/副词词组

18．Change in thinking 思想的转变/名词词组

19．Make sth. necessary 事某事很必要/动词词组

20．In the light of sth. 根据，参照，考虑到/介词词组

21．Respect for sth. 对什么的尊敬/名词词组，动词词组

22．The difficulty comes up. 问题产生了

23．Base on sth. 根据什么/动词词组

24．It may take time for sth./sb. to do sth. 做某事花某人多长时间

25．Conditions for sth. 什么的条件/名词词组

语言点：

1．Belief的复数形式为beliefs

2．Well-known/著名的

3．Curious（adj.好奇的）--curiosity(n.好奇)；imagine(v.想象)—imagination(n.想象力)

4．Scientifically minded people 有科学头脑的人

5．In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered. 在对于现象还无法解释的时候，科学的观点是有理由相信迟早这种解释是可以被发现

的。

6．This means the ability to(做什么的能力) face the facts as they are（实事求是）regardless of what one has previously thought.

7．Agree(v.同意)—disagreeable(adj.令人讨厌的)

8．The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasant or unpleasant.

I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when I heard the news.是…还是…

Whether he succeeds or fails, he has to do his best.

He doesn’t know whether she is in Britain or she has gone to France.

9．Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp. 10．Accept(v.接受)—acceptable(adj.可接受的)

11．Scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable only in the light of what is known at a particular time.

12．New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted.

13．Continue d progress 继续的发展

14．时态题：There is an experiment on the sprouting of seeds which has been running for more than 50 years.

Text B Solving Problems Scientifically

搭配：

1．Arouse one’s curiosity 引起某人的注意/动词词组

2．Result from=arise from 由于/动词词组；result in 导致/动词词组

3．Give clue for doing sth. 为做某事提供线索/动词词组

4．Build a firm foundation for doing sth. 为做某事打下坚实的基础/动词词组

5．Make an inference 做推论/动词词组

6．Turn out to be 结果是/动词词组

7．Check with 与什么相符/动词词组

语言点：

1．Once是连接词，表示一旦。

2．A thoroughly understood problem is well started toward solution. Be well started toward 是什么的良好开端。

3．The development of industry has also brought about large numbers of problems which have to be solved. 4．Relate d questions 相关问题；unanswered questions 为回答的问题；controlled conditions 被控制的条件

5．Reliable(adj.可信赖的)—unreliable(adj.不可信赖的)

6．Should the observations or predictions turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis. = If the observations or predictions should turn out to be as expected, the scientist has added confidence in the probable truth of his hypothesis

Unit 11

Text A The Great American Garage Sale

搭配：

1．Do some spring housecleaning 大扫除/动词词组

2．Sort through 分类，整理/动词词组

3．Set out 陈列，展示/动词词组

4．Hold garage sales 在车库买旧货/动词词组

5．Be considered by sb. as sth. 被某人认为作为什么/动词词组

6．Sth. is priced at 某物定价在/动词词组

7．Sb. is fed up with sth./sb.=be turned off 某人厌倦了某人或某物/动词词组

8．Search for 寻找/动词词组

9．Spend 时间doing sth. 花了多少时间做某事/动词词组

10．Run across 偶然遇到/动词词组

11．Be of great value=valuable 很有价值的

12．Separate sth./sb. from sth./sb. 把什么和什么隔开/动词词组

13．Be bound to do sth. 一定做某事/动词词组

14．Be faced with 面对/动词词组

语言点：

1．Sorting through(分词做状语) their possessions, they came up with（发现）some 1500 old, un wanted items—all sorts of things they wanted to get rid of（摆脱）.

2．The Ericksons定冠词the+姓氏名称+s:表示一家人

3．The Ericksons decided to do what a lot of other American s are doing these days—have a “garage sale. 4．Needn’t have done sth. 做了一件本不需要做的事

5．Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend, leaving(现分作结果状语)the family $442 richer.

6．The variety of (大量的)things put up（过分作后置定语）for（提供以提供）sale is really wonderful. 7．Rising living costs(生活费用) are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them.

8．Garage sales have become suburban social events, drawing people of all ages.(划线部分为现在分词作状语，之所以用drawing是因为主语Garage sales 可以发出draw吸引的动作)

9．Neighbors enjoy meeting new people. Enjoy这个动词后只能用ving动名词来作宾语。

10．They spend their weekends going from sale to sale, hoping to run across a real treasure（hoping为现在分词作状语，之所以用ving是因为they能发出hope的动词）

Text B American Stores

搭配：

1． a wide range of sth. 很大的范围

2．Be urged to do sth. 被催促作某事/动词词组

3．Sth. is confusing to sb. 什么事情很是令某人迷惑

4．Choose from 从什么中选取/动词词组

5．Specialize in 专长于/动词词组

6．Be likely to do sth. 很可能作某事/形容词词组

7．Refer to 指的是/动词词组（to 是介词）

8． A great quantity of sth.(可数名词) 大量的

9．Be known for sth. 以什么而著名/动词词组

10．M ajority of sth. 大多数的

语言点：

1．In the United States you will find yourself being urged（现在分词作宾语补足语）to buy all kinds of goods.

2．Not only 放在句首，需要倒装：

Not only is there a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of

goods offered for sale.

原句：There is not only a wide range of prices for goods in America, there is also a wide range in the quality of goods offered for sale.

Not only are you my teacher, but also you are my friend.

原句：You are not only my teacher, but also you are my friend.

3．Americans generally pay the price of a product without question, instead of trying to get a lower price by bargain.(介词后面需要有动词的ing形式来作介词的宾语)

4．Lower: 可以是adj.的比较级；也可以是v.表示降低

5．This may all be confusing to the visitor. (系动词后是现在分词作表语；之所以用ving是因为我们要考虑这件事情“令人迷惑”)

6．Read the advertisements so that you can compare prices.(so that 是因此的意思，表结果状语从句) 7．They don’t offer the same services to buyers that department stores do.(定语从句中缺宾语可以用that) 8．Limit(v.限制)—limited(adj.受限的)；expensive--inexpensive

9．Usually run by a small number of salespeople, these shops offer products that range from inexpensive to very expensive, depending on the shop.

10．One of the most interesting sections to visit is the frozen food section.(过分作定语)

Unit 12

Text A How Dictionaries Are Made

搭配：

1．Get into a discussion with sb. 与某人探讨/动词词组

2．What for? 为什么

3．Be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事/形容词词组

4．Quarrel with sb. 与某人争吵/动词词组

5．Sb./sth. is regarded as 某人/某事被认为/动词词组

6．Arrive at sth. 得出结论/动词词组

7．Apply to 应用于/动词词组

8．Begin with 开始于/动词词组

9．Amounts of+不可数名词大量的

10．That is to say 也就是说

11．Along with sth./sb. 还有某人或某事

12．Divide up 分开/动词词组

13．According to（介词）根据

14．Be based on 根据/动词词组

15．Be influenced by 被什么影响/动词词组

16．Ought to do sth. 应该作某事/动词词组

17．To the best of one’s ability 尽某人最大的努力（插入语）

18．Be guided by 被什么引导/动词词组

19．Be bound by sth. 由什么注定

语言点：

1．It is widely believed that +从句=人们普遍相信

2．Existing dictionary 现存字典

3．When the sort ing is completed, there will be for each word anywhere from two or three to several hundred quotations, each on its card.

4．To define(动词不定式表目的) a word, the dictionary editor places before him the stack of cards illustrating（现在分词放在名词后，作后置定语）that word.

5．The editor cannot be influenced by what a given（过分作定语，表示已给出的）word ought to mean. Text B Reading Provides Necessary Survival Skills

搭配：

1．With the coming of sth. 随着什么的到来

2．Emphasis on 强调/名词词组

3．Cue in 提供启示；告诉/动词词组

4．Wander out of (boredom) 因为什么（如：烦恼）而走神儿

5．Keep up with 跟上/动词词组

6．At the top speed 以最快的速度

7．Concentrate on 集中精力/动词词组

8．Be built on 以什么为基础

9．Skip over 掠过/动词词组

10．Key to sth. 什么的方法/名词词组

11．Be alert to 留意/机警/形容词

12．Add to sth. 附加/动词词组

13．Be a great help to doing sth./sth. 对什么有帮助

14．Reward with 给予回报/动词词组

语言点：

1．Many people would have(这里的have不是有的意思，而是使、让得意思；us在逻辑上能发出believe 的动作，所以后面的believe用动词原型) us believe that we are moving rapidly away from reading as a necessary life skill.

2．Printed word 打印出来的字

3．For adults, reading（动名词作主语）is day to day, either a stumbling block （绊脚石）or(或者…或者) a smooth path to （通往什么的道路）pleasure and opportunity.

4．The purpose of scanning is to get a quick understanding of what to expect from the reading, so that(因此)you will know what you are reading as you go along.

5．Nothing…more than…没有什么比什么更怎样了

Nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowly.

6．The more(形容词/副词比较级)…the more…（形容词、副词比较级）表示越怎样就越怎样The more(much的比较级) words you are familiar with, the less（little的比较级）you are aware of reading words and the more you are aware of content and meaning.

7．Pause for a moment on each new word and let(使役动词后用动词原形) it register in your mind. 8．What happens with this method(主语从句中缺主语指物用what) is that you will see the word again and again.（表语从句中不缺任何成分用that）

9．Have an impression of sb./sth. 对…某人或某物产生了很强的影响/动词词组

Unit 13

Text A Insurance

搭配：

1．Be interested in 对什么感兴趣/动词词组

2．Feel disturbed by 被什么打扰/动词词组

3．Be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事

4．Be of help=helpful 有帮助的

5．On guard 警惕/介词词组

6．In effect 事实上

7．Pay for sth. 为某物付款/动词词组

8．Sth. reminds sb. that+从句某事使某人想起

9．Depend on sb./sth. 依赖某人或某事/动词词组

10．Look sth. in the face 正视某事/动词词组

语言点：

1．Enjoy后面必须接动词的doing形式，如：enjoy visiting sb.

2．Our rational minds recognize the many unfortunate events that can occur, but in our hearts we hope that wee might be spared.(容易出翻译句)

3．Yet these three reasons for not discussing(动名词作介词后的宾语，否定词应该放在动名词前面) insurance provide three excellent reasons why we should learn more about it.

4．Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance.(本句话为倒装句，因为否定词neither被放在句首，这种倒装句的语序是neither+助动词+主语+动词的适当形式+其他) 5．Although insurance can be complex, its basic concepts are neither difficult nor impossible to learn.

Text B What Is Money and What Are Its Functions?

搭配：

1．Be familiar with 与什么事情很熟悉/形容词词组

2．Search for 搜索/动词词组

3．Be accepted as 被接受成为/动词词组

4．Serve as a standard to sth. 作为衡量什么的标准

5．Sth. is 钱‘s worth to sb. 某物对某人来说多少

6．Respond to sth. 反映某事

7．In terms of sth. 就什么而言

8．Be conscious of 意识到

9．Be converted to 被转换成/动词词组

10．ociate with 把什么和什么相连

语言点：

1．Defer red payment 延期付款；accept ed medium 可接受的；工人的中介

2．Convenient 方便的；inconvenient 不方便的

3．Purchasing power 购买力

Unit 14

Text A The Importance of Being Kind and Polite

搭配：

1．End a relationship 结束一段关系

2．Fail to do sth. 没能做某事/动词词组

3．Fall asleep 入睡/动词词组

4．Interact with sb. 与某人交往/动词词组

5．A majority of 大多数的

6．Show respect for 对谁表示尊敬/动词词组

7．For instance 比如说

8．Be aware that+从句意识到

9．Pay the price 付出代价/动词词组

10．Sooner or later 迟早

11．Be close to 接近于/形容词词组

12．Get ahead 成功

13．Start with 开始/动词词组

14．Give sb. an edge on sb. 略胜一筹/动词词组

语言点：

1．Hear sb. do sth. 感官动词后面使用了动词原形

2．Unless(除非) you want to end a relationship, you don’t tell another person what you think of her or him like this.

3．Educat ed people 有教养的人

4．Try to do 的否定是try not to do

5．That is what manners are about: acting in a civilize d way to avoid misunderstanding, friction, and conflict. 6．There are no laws enforcing respect.

7．Acceptable 可接受的；unacceptable 不可接受的

8．Remain为半系动词，后面可接形容词

9．They swear no matter who is around them, they listen to their Walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.

10．Different 不同的；indifferent 默然的

11．Because 为连词，后面要连接一个句子；because of 后接名词或代词

12．Look 和sound 为半系动词，后接形容词

13．Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge. （动名词作主语）

14．Getting a job is usually based on making the right impression.(动名词作主语)

Unit 15

Text A How TV Violence Affects Kids

搭配：

1．Exposure to 暴露于；接触到e.g. exposure to violence 接触到暴力

2．Have effects on sb./sth. 对某人/某事有影响；affect 为动词；effect 为名词

3．Point out 指出

4．Distinguish sth./sb. from sth./sb. 区别某事或某人

5．Tend to do sth. 倾向去做某事

6．Make better sense of sth./sb. 更好的理解某人或某事

7．Apply sth. to sth. 把什么应用在什么上

8．Make sb. guilty 让某人很内疚

9．As an alternative to sth./doing sth. 作为什么的替换

语言点：

1．Between 1982 and 1986, the amount of television time allocated(过去分词作后置定语) each week to（把什么分配给某人，尤指时间）violent programs increased significantly.

2．Given(考虑到) the amount of time that children watch television, it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow.

3．Recover 恢复（v.）; recovery 恢复