西南-大学考博英语真题 手打版

2013年西南大学英语翻译

赢家不会让他们的生命局限在自己“理当”成为何种人的观念中。事实上，他们顺应天性行事。所以，他们不会费尽心思地装模作样，故作姿态、玩弄他人。他们十分清楚爱与装爱，傻与装傻，真才实学与故作高深之间的差别。赢家没有必要藏在面具后面掩饰自己。赢家不害怕独立思考和运用自身的知识，他们既懂得辨别事实与想法，又不会装做通晓一切。他们倾听他人的意见，衡量他人的言论，最后得出自己的判断。尽管赢家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，却不会彻底为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。

Throughout our lives, we will have to make many decisions. Some will be small and

unimportant, but others, such as where to go to school, which career to pursue, and whether or not

to buy a house, will be important. It is this type of decision that we must be very careful about making. In my opinion, a person should never make such an important decision alone.

Our reason for my opinion is that I believe ‘two heads are better than one”. When we have an

important decision to make we can benefit from the advice and experience of others. In addition,

just talking the issue over with someone else might help us to see aspects of the problem we had

not considered before. Another reason for not making big decisions alone is that often these

decisions do not affect only us. If someone else is going to be affected by the decision, for

example, our spouse or business partner, that person should be able to voice his opinion and take

part in the decision-making process.

西南大学2014年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Reading Comprehension(40points)

Directions: there are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D, you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

A journalist’s friend who has been living in New York for many years writes a column for a Chinese newspaper in Hong Kong on cultural subjects, and Chinese and Western traditions, recently touched on the question: why translations of novels by well-known contemporary Chinese authors do not sell well abroad?

Quoting a mainland source, Dong Dingshan revealed that in France, which probably”has the finest tastes for art and culture in the world,” only 10 copies of translated works by Lu Xun and Ba Jin were sold in 1994.

The poor sales are a reminder that contemporary Chinese literature has yet to secure a place on the world stage as commensurate with its achievements.

One explanation is that while many Chinese authors nowadays take great pride in having their works translated into foreign languages, few have any idea how much their novels would be understood, not to say enjoyed, in foreign countries. Another is that those who have the power to select works for translation are guided entirely by their own very subjective standards rather than

the taste and interests of foreign readers. The two are interrelated but both show a lack of understanding of the foreign readership.

However, what seems to be the greatest difficulty to Dong on the translation of literary works for foreign consumption is rendering the distinctly different styles of Chinese prose writing. Whereas Chinese writers like to heap adjectives and decorative words, such descriptions are apt to be meaningless or annoying to foreign readers. Especially in the case of news writing, clarity is supreme and useless words only distract from a story’s readability.

In view of this, translation of lyrical works is often a thankless job. Dong believes essays and prose stand a much better chance of success. As for novels, success depends on whether foreign readers can follow the stories which are developed in circumstances with which they are entirely unfamiliar.

It is seldom realized that successful translation of Chinese novels is invariably the co-reation of the author and translator. With a good command of Chinese writing skills, the translator is ideally also someone who writes good, decent English, not just correct sentences.

The Chinese translator who relies on a dictionary every step of the way is unlikely to produce translations that can interest readers, Dong believes.

There is a great deal of sense in Dong’s belief that Chinese novels are ideally translated by native speakers of English, as did professor Jeffrey Kinkey who recently translated Imperfect Paradise by the contemporary Chinese writer Shen Congwen. Kindly took note in the preface of his translation that word-for-word translation only hurts the orginal-a credo heard often enough among translation circles in China but which is much easier said than done.

1.The passage is mainly about__________

A.translation of lyrical works

B.improper translation

C.understanding of the foreign readership

D.achievements of Chinese literature translation

2.Dong Dingshan’s attitude toward contemporary Chinese literature translation can be best

summarized as _________

A.unsatisfactory

B.cheerful

C.hopeful

D.indifferent

3.Translation of novels by well-known contemporary Chinese authors don’t sell well

abroad mainly because_________

A.translated novels do not meet foreign readers’ taste and interest

B.novels being translated are best ones by famous writers

C.most translated works have distorted the originals

D.foreign readers’ taste have changed a lot

4.According to Dong Dingshan, what is the different in prose writing between Chinese and

foreigners?

A.Chinese prose is too political

B.There are more adjectives and decorative words in Chinese prose

C.There are more philosophical ideas in foreign prose

D.Foreign prose is very personal

5.All the following can implied from the passage EXCEPT_______

A. A good translation of Chinese novels is the co-creation of the author and translator

B.An excellent translator should have a good command of Chinese and foreign

language writing skills

C.Dong Dingshan believes that Chinese translator can do better job in translating

Chinese novels into English

D.Word-for-word translation may hurt the original

Questions 6 to 10 are bared on the following passage.

Disagreements among economists are legendary, but not on the issue of free trade. A recent survey of prominent economists---both conservative and liberal---concluded that”an economist who argues for restricting international trade is almost as common today as a physician who favors leeching.”

Why the consensus? International free trade, economists agree, make possible higher standards of living all over the globe.

The case for free trade rests largely on this principle: as long as trade is voluntary, both partners benefit; otherwise they wouldn’t trade. The buyer of a shirt, for example, values the shirt more than the money spent, while the seller values the money more. Both are better off because of the sale. Moreover, it doesn’t matter whether the shirt salesman is form the united states or Hong Kong (or anywhere else).

The vast majority of American manufactures face international competition. This competition forces companies to improve quality and cut costs. By contrast, protectionism encourages monopoly, lower quality and higher prices. Americans pay an enormous price for protection—--over $ 60 billion a year or $1000 for a family of four. Thanks to protectionism, for example, American comsumers pay twice the world price for sugar.

Free trade also makes the world economy more efficient, by allowing nation to capitalize on their strengths. The United States has an advantage in food production, for instance, while Saudi Arabia has an advantage in oil. The Saudis could undertake massive irrigation to become self-sufficient in food, but it is more economical for them to sell oil and purchase food from us. Similarly, we could become self-sufficient in petroleum by squeezing more out of oil shale. But it is much less costly to buy some of our oil from Saudi Arabia. Trade between our two countries improves the standard of living in both.

Protectionism is both wasteful and unjust. It taces most heavily the people who can least afford it. Thus, tariffs that raise the price of shoes burden the poor more than the rich. Despite the powerful case for free trade, the United States and the rest of the world have always been protectionists to some degree. This is because free trade benefits the general public, while protectionism benefits special-interest groups, which are better organized, better financed and more informed. To make matters worse, much of what we hear on this issue is misinformation spread by the special interests themselves.

6.the economists____

A.disagree whether to restrict free trade or not

B.agree on free trade

C.agree on the restriction of internal trade

D.hold different arguments because of their different interests.

7.the two partners in a free trade_____

A.do not care at all

B.care for different things

C.care for the things being traded

D.care for the same things

8.What is the author’s attitude toward protectionism denoted from the 3rd paragraph?

A.Sincere

B.Appreciative

C.Grateful

D.Ironic

9.Why has protectionism always been exercised even if it is wasteful and unjust?

A.It helps to establish national industry of one’s own

B.It can achieve an independent economy

C.It is favored by general public

D.It benefits some privileged few.

10.According to the free trade principle, the author suggests that____

A.U.S. explore its oil shale

B.Saudi Arabia build its own industry

C.Saudi Arabia import food from the U.S.

D.U.s. become more self-sufficient in food

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs has a long history and is closed linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis o f many illness with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illness, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescribes, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.

The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people’s nutritional standards have arisen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an adverse effect. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lace of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.

Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it

will produce---by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.

These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health; it may even mane it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.

11. The first paragraph is intended to ______

A. suggest that self-medication has a long history

B. distinguish between medical prescribing and self-medication

C. praise doctors for their expertise

D. tell the symptoms from the causes

12. advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because_____

A. they often watch ads on tv

B. they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised

C. they generally lead a sedentary life

D. they don’t take to sports and easily catch colds

13. paragraphs 2 and 3 explain_____

A. that good things are not without side effects

B. why clever advertising is so powerful

C. why in modern times self-medication is still practiced

D. why people develop faulty ways of life

14.in paragraph 4 the author illustrates____

A. the reasons for keeping medicines at home

B. people’s doublt about taking drugs

C. why it may be worse to take drugs by oneself

D. the possible harms self-medication may do to people

15. the best title for the text would be _____

A. Medical Practice

B. Clever Advertising

C. self-medication

D. self-treatment

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

In the new age of employment, New Zealand executives with skills to sell are increasingly creating their own future. In practical terms, this means that complains, which expect their staff to give their soul to the company, may be disappointed. New-age executives want to be the keeper of their own souls. Enlightened chief executives know that executives who give 100 percent aren’t necessarily the best people to have in the company.

The latest catch phrase for this nes approach is “ balanced employment,” which in the future will become the yardstick by which prospective employees judge companies. Smart companies are

right now creating an environment that will attract the skills they need. There will be a skill shortage in many countries in the next century. The people with skills that companies need are looking for an enjoyable working environment that recognizes the whole person. They do not want a corner office; they want freedom. They want to have plenty of holidays to do their own thing.

The implications for management styles are profound. Tomorrow’s executives will be not on productivity, cold on arbitrary work patterns. For the nes breed, a 70-hour working week isn’t something to boast about, it’s an admission of lousy time management. Executives recruitment agencies report that more and more people are asking first about the flexibility of the company’s working arrangements and only second about salary packages. The salary package wasn’t unimportant but came well behind what might be called the whole details of the job. Employees who work for organizations that give them flexibility develop an incredible sense of loyalty. Because they love their work, they develop a very strong tie with their company. In return, this adds up to the creation of an environment, which not only attracts staff but keeps them, too.

Furthermore, manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace. Best-selling books by Dr Dyer have encouraged employees to think of themselves as creative individuals in the workplace and not as cogs in a corporate mill.

16. Executives who give 100 per cent aren’t necessarily the best people to have the company because____

A. employees themselves will decide which company to choose

B. the best people don’t want to devote themselves completely to the company

C. the best people looks down upon the less qualified

D. the best people don’t like to stay in a place for a long time

17. The company is popular if it has

A. arbitrary work patterns

B. lousy management

C. flexible working wnvironment

D. busy time schedule

18. Which is not true about balanced employment?

A. The numbers of employers and employees are proportional

B. employees will enjoy more freedom

C. It is a standard by which future employees judge companies

D. Companies will create environment attractive to the employees

19. The sentence “Manufacturers have tried to install humanity in the workplace”(para.

4)means_____

A. they carry out humane treatment

B. they encourage employees to work hard

C. they play a role in corporate mill

D. they like individual employees as dominant factor

20. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. employees decide to choose work at their own will

B. loyalty is essential to a company

C. prospective employees prefer favorable environment

D. companies have created attractive environment

Part II English---Chinese Translation(20 points)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer sheet

I believe that every human being has a talent---something that he can be better than anyone else. And I believe that the distinction between so-called “creative”talents and ordinary run-of-the-mill talents is an unnecessary and man-made distinction. I have know exterminators, typists, waitresses and machinists whose creative joy and self-fulfillment in their work could not by surpassed by Shakespeare’s or Einstein’s

I also believe that in the process of searching, no experience is ever wasted, unless we allow ourselves to run out of hope. In my own case I had 34 different jobs before I found the right one. Many of these jobs were heartbreakingly difficult. A fes of them involved working with unscrupulous and horribly unpleasant people yet, in looking back, I can see that the most unpleasant of these jobs, in many cases, give me the biggest dividends—the most valuable preparation for my proper life work.

Part III Chinese ----English Translation 20points)

Directions: translate the following short paragraphs into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.

理性的、勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：对第一类人而言，工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐；对第二类人而言，工作和娱乐是相结合的。前者占多数。他们可以得到相应的报酬。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅能够带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最单纯的方式进行的。而第二类人则是，他们的生活自然而和谐。在他们的眼里，工作时间永远不够多，每天都是假期：而真正的假日到来时，他们总会抱怨自己有趣的休假被强行中断。

事实上，有一些东西对于这两类人来说都十分必要，那就是变换一下角度，改变一下环境，尝试做点不同的事情。实际上，那些把工作看做娱乐的人可能需要以某种方式将工作不时地从自己的大脑里赶出去。

Part IV Writing (20 points)

Directions: Write an assay of no less than 250 words on the topic given below. You must write it on the answer sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting.

TOPIC: If you could change one thing about your hometown, what would it be?

参考答案

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)

1----5 BAABC 6---10 BDDDC 11---15 ABCDC 16---20 BCADC

Part II English –Chinese translation (20 points)

我相信，每个人都是天才---相比别人而言，有些事情他可能做得更好。我相信，所谓“创造性”才能与普通才能间的差距不过是一种认为的不必要的区别。我认识的一些杀虫员、打字员、女侍者和机械工，他们在工作中所创造的快乐与实现的自我价值，也许是莎士比亚或爱因斯坦无法超越的。

我也相信，除非我们允许自己放弃希望，否则任何经历都会在找寻的过程中发挥作用。就我而言，在找到合适的工作前，我曾尝试过34种不同的工作。其中有虚度工作的艰难程度简直难以忍受。在有些工作中，还会与一些不道德且令人讨厌的人相处。但是，回过头来才领悟到，在很多情况下，我从那些最令人头疼的工作中得到了最丰厚的报酬，它们成为我正确事业生涯的最有价值的准备。

Part III Chinese----English translation (20 points)

Rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen apptite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But fortune’s favored chidren belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation.

Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.