任务型阅读高考重点题型及易错点提醒 百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Every person has a history of pain and tragedy that includes regret from the situation. At times, it's often hard to explain that pain to someone else. The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.

This has often been my challenge when I try to explain what occurred to me. When I was younger, I was a victim of a tragic accident that changed my life both academically and emotionally. At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed. The injury was so severe that I was rushed to the emergency room and the doctors explained to my mom that I suffered from a blood clot (血块) located on the left side of the brain.

I was later diagnosed with what is known as a traumatic brain injury (外伤性脑损伤)．This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability. I often struggle with understanding information related to school and feel frustrated that I will not pass my tests. The pressure of school is so much, since I must always work harder than most students.

I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often flunk or re-take tests. It is hard to imagine, because in my mind I feel prepared for the work; however, the test results do not connect with the information in my brain. Although I always don't pass my tests, I feel like this injury encourages me to work and shows me that I can be confident when it comes to the future. For example, I have been able to maintain my grades, been employed for over a year at a local restaurant, and obtained my driver's license. I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.

（1）What is worse when someone suffers a tragedy in his life according to the author?(no more than 7 words)

（2）What was the author's tragic accident that changed his life? (no more than 9 words) （3）Why is the author always struggling with his study at school? (no more than 8 words) （4）What does the underlined word “flunk” mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）What do you think of the author? Give your reasons. (no more than 25words)

【答案】（1）The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.

（2）He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.

（3）Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.（4）Fail

（5）He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为十六个月时摔下床，导致大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，使得作者学习事物变得艰难。但是作者依然保持乐观，对未来充满了希望。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.”可知作者认为比生活中遭遇悲剧更糟糕的是缺少他人的支持。故填The lack

of support from someone./Lacking support from others.。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed.”可知改变了作者人生的悲剧事故是他在十六个月的时候摔下了床。故填He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“This accident affects my long term memory and te sting ability.”可知这次事故导致作者的大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，因此导致作者经常很难理解与学校有关的信息。故填Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often”可知作者虽然努力学习了，但是变得很容易失望，可以推测作者的学习经常“失败；不及格”，故填fail。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.”可知作者虽然被一次意外事故改变了生活，但是依然对生活充满期待，渴望过充实的生活。故填He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

2．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies

Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.

But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.

In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.

Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.

McDonald's sta rted selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.

But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.

But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.

The changes facing fast-food companies

⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____ ____ ⑼________ ⑽________

【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。（1）考查名词。根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more freque ntly to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。（4）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strate gies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。（10）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填

creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

3．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Find a quiet location. Keep a routine. Focus on one subject at a time. It all seems like sound advice for students who need to hit the books, ________ . Here's a list of tips from Carey, a scientist, for getting the most out of your study time.

________.

Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve（检索）information on test day. “Tests have a very bad reputation as a measurement tool,” Carey says. But psychologists have found self-tests slow down the f orgetting of material you've studied. “If you study something once, and then you test yourself on it,” Carey says, “you do better than if you study it twice over.”

Move around

________ . “If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material. So it's better anchored in your brain, and you can pull it out easier.”

Mix it up

Think about a football who does strength training, speed training and drills. Carey says alternating between different facets facts of a subject in a single sitting can “leave a deeper impression on the brain”. For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading. ________ .

Space it out

Information learned in a hurry is lost just as fast. So if you really want to learn, space out shorter, hour-long study sessions. “There's no doubt that you can cram for（突击备考）an exam.” Carey says, “________. And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”

A. Test yourself

B. Study it and practice more

C. and it turns out that some of them are in great help

D. but recent studies indicate the conventional wisdom is wrong

E. The problem is that it's so easy to forget what you just crammed

F. Changing up where you study can help you keep more information

G. Spending your time in deep concentration on just verbs isn't effective

【答案】 D；A；F；G；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议。（1）上文说找一个安静的地方，保持常规，一次只关注一个科目，这似乎都是很合理的建议，下文又介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，既与上文的建议形成转折关系，又要引出下文介绍的建议，故D项（但是，最近的研究表明传统的观点是错误的）符合语境。

（2）根据本段内容，特别是“Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve information on test day”可知，做练习题可以帮助你在考试当天检索信息，本段讲的是要进行自我测试，故A 项（自我测试）符合语境。

（3）根据本空后的“If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material.”可知，如果你在不同的地方学习同一种材料，你会产生多种联想，此处讲的是在不同的地点学习的好处，故F项（改变学习地点可以帮助你保存更多信息）符合语境。

（4）根据本空前的“For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading.”可知，学习法语时，做一些动词，说一些，读一些，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于学习法语的内容，故G项（把时间集中在动词上是没有效果的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空后的“And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”可知，一旦它消失了，你就想不起来了，此处说的是有关遗忘的内容，故E项（问题是你很容易忘记刚刚记住的东西）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Fear of missing out

It's Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that's just opened, you've decided to spend this highly cherished night of the week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you're not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.

Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.

Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'. Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively better than anyone else's.

The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue(疲劳), stress, and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of

participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.

So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already have, you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't. Another alternative?

Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈), the results are well worth the effort.

By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking, learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.

borrow；grateful/thankful；focusing；know/understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了FOMO“害怕错过”以及产生的原因，结果，克服它的方法。并介绍了JOMO“错失的快乐”的益处。

（1）考查提取信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out —your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.”可知，最近的一项研究将“FOMO ”定义为“一种不安的、有时是全神贯注的感觉。你正在错过你的同龄人正在做或拥有比你更多或更

好的东西。”所以空处填absent. 填absent。

（2）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are ha ving in your absence”可知，当你想象你的朋友们在你不在的时候玩得多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。所以空处填doubts. 故填doubts。

（3）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.”可知，突然间，你为自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快变成了焦虑。所以空处填anxious. 故填anxious。

（4）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“ Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO”研究发现，总体生活满意度较低的人更容易出现“害怕错过”。所以空处填 unsatisfied。故填unsatisfied。

（5）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others”积极使用社交媒体的用户更有可能将自己的成就与其他人进行比较。所以空处填comparisons。故填 comparisons。

（6）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲劳), stress, and sleep problems”一项针对大学一年级学生的研究发现，“害怕错过”与疲劳、压力和睡眠等问题有关。所以空处填discomforts/problems. 故填discomforts/problems。

（7）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“ Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.”可知，此外，在2018年对1045名年龄在18岁至34岁之间的美国人进行的一项研究中，近40%的参与者承认，负债只是为了跟上朋友的生活方式，通常是通过增加在食品、旅游、服装和电子产品上的支出。所以空处填borrow。故填borrow。

（8）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude”可知你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始。所以空处填grateful/thankful。故填grateful/thankful。

（9）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing.”JOMO让你在任何时候都可以将注意力转移到你真正想要的东西上，而不用担心周围的人在做什么。所以空处填 focusing。故填focusing。

（10）考查提取信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.”可知，你用新的方式看待自己，挖掘出隐藏在表面下的天赋，恐惧，快乐和怪癖。所以空处填know/understand。故填now/understand。

【点评】本题涉及考查提取信息的能力，要求考生准确理解所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Challenges are regular visitors in our life, and nobody is immune(不受影响)to them. ________However, we can use these challenges to make positive changes in our life. For instance：

Develop your passion. ________ When you are setting your goals, you always want to be passionate about those goals, because if you love what you do, you will be driven by the desire to achieve success.

________When you have doubts about yourself, you are doing damage to your progress. Therefore, you are supposed to see yourself as a winner, and trust yourself. Feeding your mind with positives will reinforce your beliefs and sweep any doubts out of your system.

Track your progress. It is important that you take note of every improvement you make. ________ Every step forward will give you a boost, and accelerate your efforts to the achievement of your ultimate goal.

Learn how to control your emotions. It is important that you use your emotional intelligence when you encounter problems in your life. You are a product of your thoughts and feelings. Any negative emotions that show up can negate(否定)the positive forward movement you enjoyed earlier. So approach any challenge with a positive attitude. ________ Instead, strongly believe that you have all the tools you need in order to make positive changes in your life. It is in your hands to make the changes necessary and to take your life to new heights.

A. Practice makes perfect.

B. Consider confidence as a must for Success.

C. This will motivate you to work even harder.

D. They can make us lose hope and even give up.

E. Don't feel negative when you meet with difficulties.

F. There is nothing to be gained from delaying decisions and thoughts.

G. Having an enthusiasm for something will inspire you to achieve your goals.

【答案】 D；G；B；C；E

【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于在生活中，如何利用挑战，作出积极的改变这一问题，给出了一些建议。

（1）上文Challenges are regular visitors in our life，and nobody is immune(不受影响)to them. 说挑战是我们生活的常客，没有人不受它们影响。下文However，we can use these challenges to make positive changes in our life. 说然而，在我们的生活中，我们能用这些挑战进行积极的改变。该空承上启下，D选项“他们可能会让我们失去希望，甚至放弃。”切题，故答案选D。

（2）上文Develop your passion. 说开发你的激情。该空承接上文，G选项“对某事有热情会激励你实现自己的目标”切题，故答案选G。

（3）下文When you have doubts about yourself，you are doing damage to your progress. 说当你怀疑自己时，你正在做损害你进步的事情。该空引出下文，B选项“认为信心是成功的必须条件”切题，故答案选B。

（4）上文It is important that you take note of every improvement you make. 说记录你一点一滴的进步很重要。下文 Every step forward will give you a boost，and accelerate your efforts to the achievement of your ultimate goal. 说向前地每一步会给你一个推动，促进你的努力，实现你的最终目标。该空承接上文，C选项“这将激励你更加努力地工作。”切题，故答案选C。

（5）上文So approach any challenge with a positive attitude. 说所以接近有积极态度的任何挑战。下文Instead，strongly believe that you have all the tools you need in order to make positive changes in your life. 说相反，坚信你有所有你需要的工具，以在你的生活中做出积极的改变。该空承上启下，E选项“当你遇到困难时，不要感到消极。”切题，故答案选E。【点评】本文属于议论文，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

6．任务型阅读

Help Migrant Workers

There is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year's toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________ They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.

About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions. ________

________They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as the financial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.

It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special taskforces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer-turned-construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries. ________ But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers.

A. Some have reportedly climbed up chimneys to jump to their death unless they get their defaulted salaries.

B. It is something every Chinese look forward to as the traditional gala draws near.

C. Unfortunately, weeks preceding the Spring Festival have turned out to be hard times for migrant workers.

D. Hopefully, these efforts will send more workers on a happy journey home for the Spring Festival with their salaries in their pockets.

E. However difficult the situations they are in, it is too cruel and unfair for employers to hold back salaries they should pay their migrant workers.

F. Objectively speaking, governments at various levels have done a great deal in helping these workers recover their defaulted salaries.

【答案】 C；A；F；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助移民工人在春节前拿到薪水政府所采取的一系列的措施。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up. ”可知由于没有拿到薪水，对于回家过春节的移民工人来说，是很艰难的一段时间。故选C。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.”可知下面要介绍一些讨薪时工人做出的绝望行为。故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back paymen ts to them.”可知这里讲的是政府正在采取措施帮助移民工人们拿到薪水。故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空格前采取的一系列措施得知，这些都是帮助移民员工带着薪水回家过春节的努力。故选D。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

7．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my attention immediately.

The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face. And all the time she was looking at HIM...

"Jim, I think we should change the park. It's the same every Saturday. You know..." "Sus! Hug me."— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.

At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life.

They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old

and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.

（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words) （2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words)

（3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words) （4）What does the underlined word "dedicated" mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.

（2）Because they loved each other deeply.

（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.

（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very mom ent, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other.”可知作者想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可能正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是什么使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old an d die, and what made a difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是和你相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为"奉献"。故填Devoted/ Give entirely.。

（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We

should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

8．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

"My work is done." Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same words could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. ________ One of America's bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed. But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends are needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ________

Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. ________ When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to generation from the Eastman Kodak Company.________ Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take unnatural pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn't afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn't just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity's moment.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善。作为美国最重要的品牌之一，柯达即将消失，柯达时代已经过去。文章同时重点描述了柯达给人们的生活所带来的重大影响和意义，作者认为几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“One of America's bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak m oment has passed. ”美国最重要的品牌之一即将消失，柯达时代已经过去。可知在财务、技术和竞争方面管理不善，20年来，柯达的领导人愚蠢地挥霍了一个世纪繁荣的遗产。最终导致品牌的倒闭。故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ”很少有公司为这么多人做了这么多好事，或如此深刻地定义和提升了一个国家乃至整个世界的精神。此处公司的指的是柯达公司，下文进一步强调柯达的作用：不认识Eastman Kodak 公司的作用，就不可能理解20世纪。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks.” 它向我们介绍了快乐的奥兹故土，从查理·卓别林到约翰·韦恩，从伊丽莎白·泰勒到汤姆·汉克斯。可知在列举柯达记录下的世界上重要的人物和事件，如：它向我们展示了杀死肯尼迪总统的那一枪，以及他的弟弟在厨房地板上流血不止。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to generation from the Eastman Ko dak Company.” 几乎每一张20世纪的重要照片都是伊士曼柯达公司送给下一代的礼物。可知下文应继续强调柯达给人们生活产生的影响：在一个数码摄影简单的时代，当我们可以在任何时候拍任何东西的照片，我们无法想象在乔治·伊士曼把摄影带给人们之前的生活是什么样的。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

They Just Can't Help It

My theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy —the ability to understand other people —and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems. ________ For example, women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and parenting, while men will choose magazines that feature computers and sport.

You may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up. However, this is not the case. A new study carried out at Cambridge University shows that newborn girls look longer at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a mobile. ________ It has also been observed that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in

other people's feelings. Boys, however, seem to enjoy building toy towers and playing with toys which have clear functions. ________ People whose jobs are in the construction industries are almost male. Math and engineering, which require high levels of systems-thinking, are also male-chosen disciplines. Why do men and women have the difference? Actually women have four times as many brain neurons (神经) that connect the right and left part of their brains. Because of it, women have a better ability to multitask than men. ________ Men tend to focus on a limited number of problems at a time. They will separate themselves from problems and view tasks as independent from one another.

Some people may worry that I am suggesting one gender (性别) is better than the other, but this is not the case. My theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses. ________ It is not true. The study simply looks at males and females as two groups, and asks what differences exist, and why they are there.

A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.

B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.

C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.

D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.

E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.

F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.

G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.

【答案】 A；F；C；D；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阐述男性与女性差异各有优缺点。

A. Generally speaking, there are clear differences.一般来说，有明显的差异。

B. Their preference for building systems may change over time.他们对建筑系统的偏好可能随着时间的推移而改变

C. You can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.你可以在成年人的工作场所看到同样的模式。

D. They will consider many sources of information at the same time.他们会同时考虑许多信息来源。

E. It is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.很重要的一点是，女性的大脑可能更多地建立在共情的基础上。

F. That suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological.这表明男性和女性大脑的某些差异是生物学上的。

G. Others may think the theory creates a belief of what a particular type of person is like.其他人可能认为这一理论产生了一种特定类型的人的信念。

（1）前文叙述男女大脑用途不同，且根据后文提示，For example 的提示，举例说男性与女性在选择杂志上的区别，故此处应为一个总起性质的句子，强调区别。故选A。

（2）第二段总起的观点为男性与女性在选择上的差异是后天培养的，However 话锋一转，说新生儿在选择上的差异，因此提出新的观点“暗示男性与女性选择上的差异是天生的，即为生理差异决定的。”故选F。

（3）前文提及男孩对搭建玩具塔楼以及功能性较强的玩具有强烈的倾向，后文说建筑类工作多为男性，故前后文都是描述男性相同的选择倾向，只是发生的年龄和场所不同，故选C。

（4）前文提及女性更具有同时从事多个任务的能力，与 D 选项many sources 及at the same time 呼应，故选D。

（5）前文提到my theory “男性与女性各有优缺点”，后文说“it is not true”，故此处引出一个容易误解的观点。G 选项提及的theory，且这里的观点认为“我的观点会让男性女性模式化，故选G。

【点评】七选五的答案选项较少并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或句子但后面的标点符号来判断该句在我在中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达不同意思的句子，就可以直接将该选项排除。

10．阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Everybody gets angry sometimes. Being angry doesn't really solve much---but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm yourself down and try to solve whatever problem is bothering you. This is hard for some kids (and adults too). Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!

Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Their anger might be so strong that the feelings gets out of control and causes them to act in ways that are unacceptable and hurtful. People might say kids like this have a temper, which is a term for acting out of control. Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their mom or dad, hit the wall, close doors violently, break something, or even hit a brother or sister. Kids are allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones, but it's not OK for a kid to do any of those things. Kids don't want to (or mean to) act this way---but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage.

【写作内容】

1）以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；2）结合上述信息，简要分析导致孩子发脾气的主要原因；3）提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1）写作过程中不得直接引用原文中的句子；

2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3）不必写标题。

【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

【答案】 Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the relationships with others.

The reasons for children to arouse anger is not far to seek. First of all, kids in our country are under great pressure, heavily burdened with school work as well as diverse out school leaning activities. Second, they are sometimes not treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply because they are not strong looking or act differently from others. Third, some kids desperately

want something such as a pet dog or a toy gun, but they are refused by their parents. All these rigger kids' anger immediately.

As to bow we can control anger, I recommend we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things and try to find solutions. Besides, reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our minds and enrich ourselves. Then we will control our bad temper and raise accomplishment.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇读写任务型书面表达，要求考生阅读材料并以约30个词概括材料的主要内容，并分析导致孩子发脾气的主要原因；提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于两点）。全文以一般现在时为主，使用第三人称。列出要点：导致孩子发脾气的主要原因：压力太大，不公平待遇，要求得不到满足；如何控制发脾气：遇事冷静并积极寻找解决问题的方法。多阅读拓宽视野。写作时考生首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言精炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象；其次是提出自己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要总结要点，与自己的观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。

【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： Although getting angry brings no solution to problems, people can hardly take control of such unpleasant feeing especially kids, who even act violently, thus damaging the relationships with others.运用了让步状语从句和非限制性定语从句； they are sometimes not treated fairly, some even bulled by others, simply because they are not strong looking or act differently from others. 运用了原因状语从句； As to bow we can control anger, I recommend we breathe deeply when faced with unfair things and try to find solutions. 运用了虚拟语气，宾语从句和省略句；reading is a good choice as it can widen our horizons, open our minds and enrich ourselves.运用了原因状语从句。

11．概要写作，阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it's better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.

The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can't make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, 'Haste makes waste.' We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.

Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose

chances of enjoying our lives.

Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.

In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can't bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace.

【答案】 Despite being accustomed to the fast pace in modern society, people are recommended to lead a slower life. Firstly, slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by comprehensive thinking. Secondly, more opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace. Lastly, better health condition physically and mentally is also what a slower life brings. Therefore, let's take a slower life from now on.

【解析】【分析】本文为概括写作。主要考查学生的对主旨大意的阅读概括能力和准确获取关键词的能力。首先考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力以及对文章整体结构的能力。进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具体有概括功能的词或句子表述出来，并且要涵盖了全部要点。

【点评】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。在写作中使用了非谓语，句式简单明了，同时能正确地使用连词firstly…，secondly…，lastly…..把文章有机地联合起来。例如运用了非谓语。如作状语：Despite being accustomed to the fast pace in modern society, people are recommended to lead a slower life；作主语: slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by comprehensive thinking；表语从句：better health condition physically and mentally is also what a slower life brings和祈使句：let's take a slower life from now on.

12．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf --- except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?

The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families.

Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.

As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.

All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in --- particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.

Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.

Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences--- motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.

Actually, women leaders tend to be held to higher standards than their male counterparts, lgoye has felt this in Uganda. "Women who take up leadership positions in my country have to be tough, it's not easy at all," she said. "You are always aware that you are representing all women. You have to work extra hard to deliver, to perform, because if you do something wrong, they will say, 'Ah, you see, women!' "

Therefore, merely having women leaders can change the opportunities available for generations of women in a country. What leadership looks like in their country, how much of a voice the women leaders are having, influences what leadership is and what it means to its women.

What do women leaders have in common?

education/schooling；against；marrying；harder；means/matters

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员采访了一些国家的女性，询问她们通往领导岗位的道路。这些女性在谈到她们如何成为领导者时都有一些相似之处。他们都将成功归功于自己所生长的家庭环境。同时结合了Igoye、Ben和Chahal三位女性的自身经历得出结论：女性的领袖对于国家和其他女性而言意义重大。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf”可知这些女性领导人来自不同的文化和政治背景，但她们有什么相似点吗？故填similarity/similarities。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“…finding their voices and confidence at dinner—table conversations with their families.”她们可以在晚饭时间在饭桌上自由的演说。故填freely/ casually。

（3）考查信息提升。根据第二段中的“Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them,”可知她们的父母谈论政治，谈论社区里发生的事情，当女性有话要说时，她们的父母没有阻止她们。可知女性有了接触政治的机会。be exposed to sth.固定短语，"接触某事"，故填exposed。

（4）考查信息归纳。根据第六段中的“I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences--- motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders”,可知与男性不同的是，他们之前的经历帮助他们走上职业生涯的顶峰。故填top。

（5）考查信息提升。根据第四段中的“All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in --- particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opin ions.”可知他们都将成功归功于自己所生长的家庭环境。Owe/ attribute…to…固定短语，“将......归功于.....”，故填owed/attributed。

（6）考查信息归纳。根据第五段中的“Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. ”可知Igoye的父亲很有远见，不顾村里其他人的反对，把女儿送去上学接受教育，故填education/schooling。