天津高考阅读表达题命题初探
天津高考阅读表达题命
题初探
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天津高考阅读表达题命题初探
一、阅读表达
阅读表达是高考英语天津卷的一个新题型。要求考生阅读所给的一篇300词左右的短文，并根据短文后的要求用英语回答问题，完成任务。有五个小题，每小题2分，共计10分。答题时间约为10-15分钟。
增加阅读表达这一题型，旨在加强学生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，特别是用英语进行思维、表达的能力。它将阅读理解能力和写作表达能力结合起来考查，以提高语言能力测试的力度，是一种综合性的题型。这就要求学生在具备较高的阅读理解能力的同时，必须具备较好的语言表达能力，能根据短文后的题目要求，用简洁的语言表达出自己的观点。
天津高考阅读表达要求考生在阅读理解短文内容的基础上，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，完成任务。问题范围可涵盖：
1. 理解捕捉具体信息；
2. 根据上下文内容解释生词词义；
3. 概括段落要义或文章主旨；
4.阐述作者的写作意图； 5．陈述个人观点、态度等。
必要时可根据命题要求或文章题材、体裁等要求对问题范围进行限制或扩展。
一）简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低分为0分。
二）给分标准
2分—答出全部内容，语言正确；1分—答出部分内容，语言正确；0分—没有答对问题。
三）扣分标准
1. 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）；
2. 涉及无关内容者扣0.5分；若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分；
3. 整句原封不动照搬，扣0.5分；
4. 考生所给答案超过限定词数扣0.5分。
5. 如答案涵盖两个方面，而考生只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分三、阅读表达题解题注意事项和复习策略
因为前面已经提到阅读表达的五点考查范围实际上涵盖了阅读理解的五点考察范围（即：主旨大意、事实细节、猜测词义、推理判断和作者的观点态度），只是多了一个开放性的题目——根据文章内容陈述个人观点、态度等，新题型只是把阅读理解的客观性试题变成主观性试题，把命题人替你想好的答案，由你自己用英语表达出来，对阅读理解能力实质上的要求并没有太大的变化。这方面的训练，在我们平时指导学生解答阅读理解试题时，应该已经做了很充分的工作。但是，我们不少老师容易忽略的，也是许多考生有些不以为然的，更是在短期内亟待提高的是——解决学生在表达能力（写）上暴露出的问题。
四、解阅读表达题时学生暴露出的常见问题：
在阅读表达这道题上，学生最大的问题不是拿不到分，而是分拿不全。不怕一题全错，就怕题题有错。考生答题时常见问题有：
1、审题不清。包括：
（1）未理解命题人的设题目的，答非所问。
（2）不按题目要求答题，格式、字数等出现问题。
2、理解偏差。
尤其在抓主旨大义及拓展思维、陈述个人观点类试题中特别明显。表现为看问题过于片面，或仅流于表面。不少考生阅读中缺乏语篇意识，不能整体看待文章。
3、表达有误。包括：
（1）单词拼写有误，大小写混乱，造成词不达义。
（2）无语法可言，组不成完整的句子。
（3）词汇量有限，用词不准确，表达不清。
（4）书写较差，字迹潦草，难以辨认。
五、阅读表达备考建议：
“阅读表达”新题型属于信息收集整理这一语言运用形态，新题型要求考生具有获得直接信息和间接信息能力，而这种动手能力的训练一直没得到应有的重视。应该加大对该题性的训练程度，同时对该题型中易失分的地方进行仔细的分析和讲解，让学生了解和掌握其解题策略。只有长时间的坚持不懈，在高考中考生才能游刃有余的完成该题型解题任务。
阅读表达题较难的一个原因是在这个部分中几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，所以平时复习时不要抱有幻想，而是要从根本上提高自己的阅读能力。
由于阅读表达题的考查点与阅读理解有很大的相似性，平时提高做此类题能力的方法是：在做阅读理解题时，先不看选项，试一试用自己的话回答。
此外，解答“阅读表达”题，表达是关键。阅读作为基础固然重要，但文字表达能力才是成败的关键。要做好此题，必须具备良好的书面表达能力，将阅读表达题列入试卷第三部分“书面表达”之中，道理就在于此。所以，在针对此题型的训练中，要特别强调提高“写”的能力指导。
根据新题型特点，考生在备考训练中要注意以下几点：
1.??养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握一定的阅读技巧。要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析和把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度和观点，捕捉文章的具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。
2.??因为过去的传统阅读理解试题是选择题，因此学生们容易在思想上形成一种依赖性，也就是说，由命题者提供选项，他们只是被动地进行选择；而“阅读表达”题要求他们就文章的具体信息进行综合概括。所以，要鼓励学生们在平时学习中养成主动思维的习惯，如进行交互式阅读——就文章的内容或作者的观点进行讨论或评价，对文中故事的情节或作者的思路进行预测、对作者的语气进行揣摩等等。
3.??“答题好不好，审题最重要。”在回答问题之前要认真审题，判断问题的类型，弄清楚题目的要求；回答要有针对性，避免答非所问；同时还要注意问题后的字数要求，回答要简洁，语言要准确、达意，书写要工整，卷面要整洁。
4.??解答“阅读表达”题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、问题的类型和掌握一定的答题技巧，并在老师的指导下进行一定量的针对性训练；尤其注意的是，平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及书写的训练。
天津高考英语真题及答案
绝密★启用前 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷） 英语笔试 本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第I卷 注意事项： 1．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用 橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2．本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共巧小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 例：We feel_____our duty to make our country a better place. A．it B．this C．that D．one 答案是A。 1．Give me a chance，_____I’11 give you a wonderful surprise． A．if B．or C．and D．while 2．—OK，I’11 fix your computer right now. —Oh，take your time．_____． A．I can't stand it B．I'm in no hurrv C．That's a great idea D．It's not my cup of tea 3．Wind is now the world's fastest growing_____of power. A．source B．sense C．result D．root 4．_____you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier．A．Unless B．Although C．Before D．Once 5．Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_____it didn't fit．A．to find B．found C．finding D．having found 6．_____the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support A．In reply to B．In addition to C．In charge of D．In place of 7．Clearly and thoughtfully_____，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers． A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 8．Life is like _____ocean: Only _____strong-willed can reach the other shore． A．an；the B．the；a C．the；／D．／；a 9．My parents always_____great importance to my getting a good education． A．have B．attach C．accept D．pay 10．—How long have you been learning English?
天津高考英语百日训练之阅读表达(50)含答案详解
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2018天津高考英语真题
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新课标天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第四部分阅读表达专题能力训练十六阅读表达一
专题能力训练十六阅读表达(一) A (2017·天津耀华中学二模) I had always been unhappy with my weight before I managed to lose weight.As a kid,I was bigger than everyone else around me and gained more weight after college. One day,when I looked at myself in the mirror,I really disliked how I looked.I knew I had to make a change.Besides,my health was rapidly declining.I thought I should try something to lose weight. I changed something I ate and made the gym my top priority.However,it was not easy.I had tried medication(药物治疗) before I tried to lose weight in the correct https://www.360docs.net/doc/418120661.html,ing off my medication was hard.My body was fighting itself and I had many weight-loss plateaus(停滞期).I also struggled at the gym sometimes and had a hard time pushing myself through workouts. Luckily,my trainer kept me motivated.He was driving this bus to success for me.He was my constant supporter and biggest fan.Thanks to him I saw results within two months after starting my journey.20 months later,I lost 160 pounds. Now I can walk more than 50 feet without having to sit down.I can do laundry and clean my house.I can go to the grocery store without having to drive myself in the “fat cart”.I can do anything I want to without stressing about it.I am finally free! If you also want to lose weight,my advice is to take small steps every day to reach your goal.When I started,160 pounds seemed so overwhelming to me,but I took small steps and made changes every day to get where I am now.It is not about a quick fix.You can’t climb Mount Qomolangma in one day.You have to do it one step at a time! 1.Why did the author want to try something to lose weight?(No more than 10 words) than 5 words) 10 words) B Ashley Power’s mother b ought a computer for her when she was eight.When she was thirteen,she was surfing the Internet regularly,but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk.And one day she thought,“If I had my own website,I’d make it a really interesting site fo r teenagers.” So,when Ashley was sixteen,she launched her own website,called GooseHead.Young people got excited when they searched on this website and step by step they
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2012高考英语新题分类汇编天津阅读表达（高考真题+模拟新 题） 课标英语N[2011·天津卷]阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In college, Spring Break (春假)is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad. The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy (识字), homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research. The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. In the spring of 2006, about 36,000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program. Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and the Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience，” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.” The Program began in 1991.Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States. 56．Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program？(No more than 10 words) 57. What is the aim of the Program？(No more than 15 words) 58．What is the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5？(1 word) 59．What is Samantha’s attitude toward the Program？(No more than 10 words) 60．If you take part in the Program, which project are you interested in? And why？(No more than 25 words) 课标英语N[2011·天津卷] 【 56．Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding. 57．It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society. 58．Changed. 59．She thinks highly of the Program./She is in favor of the Program./She holds a positive attitude toward the Program. Or：She thinks it’s a great experience of changing one’s life. Or：She is thankful/grateful for the Program. 60．I am interested in helping kids with their lessons because education is important to themOr：I want to raise money for families in need because they are poor and need our helpOr：I am interested in collecting data for environmental research because the environment should be protected. N [2011·天津河西区高三期末] Scientists have tried to come up with biological explanations for the academic difference between boys and girls. However, none were believable enough to explain the general picture. As one scientist points out, there are slightly genetic differences between the sexes at birth which may affect the subjects boys and girls choose.“But the difficulty is that by the time children reach school age, there are so many other affects that it is almost impossible to tell whether girls are worse at science and maths, or whether they’ve been brought up to think of these subjects as boys’‘territory’”．Statistics show that in mathematics, at least, girls are equal to boys. A recent report suggests girls only stop studying mathematics because of social
天津高考英语百日训练之阅读表达(57)含答案详解
天津高考英语百日训练之阅读表达（57）含答案详解 【题文】阅读表达(共5小题；每小题3分, 满分15分) 阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题, 将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。 [1] Have you ever had the wish to live another 100 years or more? Experts say that scientific advances will some day enable us to live tens of years longer than what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. [2] “I guess we are knocking at the door of living longer,” said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. “I think by 2075 we will ____________ and that’s a conservative estimate（保守的估计）.” [3]At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louris, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology （纳米技术）make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. [4]However, many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to live past about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death. [5]Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. “It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have a good quality of life?” said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre. “At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.” 66. What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 10 words） 67. Please fill in the blanks in the second paragraph with proper words.（no more than 5 words） 68. According to Donald Louris, what will enable humans to live longer?（no more than 8 words） 69. What does the word “it” （Line 1, Paragraph 4) probably refer to? （no more than 10 words） 70. What did Leonard Poon worry about? （no more than 15 words） 【答案】66. Scientific advances will enable humans to live longer. 67. reach / achieve/ accomplish that goal 68. Advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology. 69. Whether people can live from 120 to 180 years.
高考英语 天津卷阅读真题
2011年天津卷 A Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home. What to Expect The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health. Accommodation Zones Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground. Meal Plans Available ? Continental Breakfast ? Breakfast and Dinner ? Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert, fruit and coffee. Friends If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy. Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much. 36. The passage is probably written for ______. A. hosts willing to receive foreign students B. foreigners hoping to build British culture C. travellers planning to visit families in London D. English learners applying to live in English homes 37. Which of the following will the host provide? A. Room cleaning. B. Medical care. C. Free transport. D. Physical training. 38. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2. B. The business centre of London is in Zone 1. C. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre. D. Accommodation in the city centre is not provided. 39. According to the passage. What does continental Breakfast include? A. Dessert and coffee. B. Fruit and vegetables. C. Bread and fruit juice. D. Cereal and cold meat. 40. Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation? A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere. B. To enrich their knowledge of English. C. To entertain friends as they like. D. To enjoy much more freedom. B
天津高考英语百日训练之阅读表达(27)含答案详解
天津高考英语百日训练之阅读表达（27）含答案详解 【题文】 Some years ago industries had more freedom than they now，and they did not need to be as careful as they must today．They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed．They took little notice of the health and safety of the people who worked for them．Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them and conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers． Of course，sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes．Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore．At such times，there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems．New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries；however，the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill． Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers．In the U．S，for example，there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems．It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow．Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell．A third department looks at the places where people work，and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers．Of course，new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness，but they are having some good results．Our work places are safer and cleaner than before．The planes and cars which we use for travel are better．Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products．56．What had bad effects on the health of the workers？（No more than 6words） 57．In what ways do the departments protect customers and workers？（No more than 20words） 58．Please explain the underlined phrase"took little notice of"in the first paragraph in English．（No more than 5words）59．What is the passage mainly about？（No more than 15words） 60．Do you think working or living place is safer and cleaner than before？Please give one or two examples．（No more than 20words）． 【答案】 56．What had bad effects on the health of the workers？（No more than 6words）The conditions in the work place．/The working conditions． 57．In what ways do the departments protect customers and workers？（No more than 20words）By testing new products，controlling foods and drugs and examining work places 58．Please explain the underlined phrase"took little notice of"in the first paragraph in English．（No more than 5words）