压力容器专业英语
筒体shell
垫板pad
接管Nozzle
夹套封头jacket head
封头head
夹套jacket shell
椭圆封头ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD
管箱CHANNEL
管板TUBESHEET
螺母NUT
法兰FLANGE
法兰盖BLIND FLANGE
垫片gasket
垫圈washer
搅拌装置agitator device
视镜sight glass
排气管vent pipe
进气管gas inlet pipe
接管NOZZLE
换热管TUBE
拉杆TIE RO
定距管SPACER
旁路档板SEALING STRIP
挡管DUMMY TBUE
双头螺柱STUD BOLT
螺柱STUD BOLT
螺栓MACHINE BOLT
六角头螺母HEX NUT
顶丝JACK BOLT
接地板EARTH LUG
吊耳LIFTING LUG
耳座SUPPORT LUG
膨胀节EXPANSION JOINT
隔板PASS PARTITION PLATE
凸缘PAD FLANGE
补强圈REINFORCEMENT PLATE 折流板BAFFLE
防冲板IMPINGMENT PLATE
防涡流挡板VORTEX BREAKER 塔顶吊柱TOP DAVIT
排气孔VENT HOLE
泪孔TEAR HOLE
检漏孔TELL-TALE HOLE
垫板PAD PLATE
腹板WEB
筋板RIB
底板BASE PLATE
填料箱GLAND BOX
保温螺母INSULATION NUTS 保温支撑INSULATION SUPPORT
铭牌NAME PLATE
铭牌座NAME PLATE SUPPORT
带颈视镜SIGHT GLASS
法兰盖BLIND FLANGE
导流板BAFFLE
夹套封口环JACKET CLOSURE
螺塞PLUG
堵头PLUG
视镜SIGHT GLASS
镀锌galvanization
组合件COMPONENT
衬板LINING PLATE
衬环LINING RING
管嘴SPRAY
弯头ELLBOW
束节SOCKET
管台SOCKET
镀锌galvanization
待定HOLD
跨中均布STRADDLE EQUI-SPACED
拉筋RIB
筋板RIB
撑筋RIB
人孔MAN HOLE
ASME常用词汇
Abrasion, allowance for 磨损,裕量
Accessibility,pressure vessels 压力容器可达性Access openings 通道孔
Allowance for corrosion, erosion, or abrasion 腐蚀裕量侵蚀或/磨损裕量
Applied linings, tightness 应用衬里密封性
Approval of new materials, 新材料的批准
Articles in Section V 第V卷中的各章
Article 1, T-150 第1章T150
Article 2 第2章
Attachments 附件
lugs and fitting 支耳和配件
lugs for platforms, ladders, etc. 平台,梯子等的支耳nonpressure parts 非受压件
nozzles 接管
pipe and nozzle necks to vessel walls 在器壁上的管子和接管颈
stiffening rings to shell 壳体上的刚性环
Backing strip 垫板
Bending stress, welded joints 弯曲应力,焊接接头Bend test 弯曲试验
Blind flanges 盲板法兰
Bolted flange connections 螺栓法兰连接
bolt lands 螺栓载荷
bolt stress 螺栓应力
design of 关于设计
flange moments 法兰力矩
flange stresses 法兰应力
materials 材料
studs 双头螺栓
tightness of 紧密性
types of attachment 附件类型
Bolts 螺栓
Braced and stayed surfaces 支持和支撑面
Brazed connections for nozzles 接管的钎焊连接
Brazed joints, efficiency of 钎焊接头,焊缝系数maximum service temperature 最高使用温度
strength of 强度
Brazing, cleaning of brazed surfaces 钎焊,钎焊的表面清理fabrication by 用……制造
filler metal 填充金属
fluxes 钎焊剂
heads into shells 封头接入壳体
operating temperature 操作温度
Buttstraps, curvature 对接盖板,曲率
forming ends of 成型端
thickness and corrosion allowance 厚度和腐蚀裕量welding ends of 焊接端
Carbon in material for welding 焊接用材料中的碳
Cast ductile iron vessels, design 可锻铸铁容器,设计pressure-temperature limitations 压力-温度界限service restrictions 使用限制
Castings 铸件
carbon steel 碳钢
defects 缺陷
impact test 冲击试验
inspection 检查
quality factor 质量系数
specifications 标准
Cast iron circular dished heads 铸铁碟形封头
Cast iron standard parts, small 铸铁标准部件,小件
Cast iron pipe fittings 铸铁管件
Cast iron vessels 铸铁容器
corners and fillets 圆角和倒角
head design 封头设计
hydrostatic test 水压试验
nozzles and fittings 接管和配件
pressure-temperatures limitations 压力-温度界限Certificate of Authorization for Code Symbol Stamp 规范符号标志的认可证书
Certification of material 材料证明书
Certification of Nondestructive Personnel 无损检验人员证明书
Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检验
Liquid Penetrant Examination液体渗透检验Radiographic Examination 射线超声检验
Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验
Chip marks on integrally forged vessels 整体锻造容器上的缺口标志
Circumferential joints alignment tolerance环向连接,组对公差
assembling装配
brazing钎焊
vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Clad material, inserted strips 覆层材料,嵌条examination 检查
Clad plate 复合板
Cleaning ,of brazed surfaces 钎焊表面清理
of welded surfaces 焊接表面
Clearance between surfaces to be brazed 钎焊表面间的间隙
Combination, of different materials 不同材料组合
of methods of fabrication制造方法
Computed working pressure from hydrostatic tests 由水试验计算的工作压力
Conical heads 锥形封头
Conical sections 圆锥截面
Connections ,bolted flange (see Bolted flange connections)连接,螺栓法兰(见螺栓法兰连接)
brazed 钎焊
clamp 卡箍
expanded 胀接
from vessels to safety valves 由容器至安全阀
studded 双头螺栓
threaded 螺纹
welded 焊接
Cooling, after postweld heat treating 冷却,焊后热处理Corrosion allowance 腐蚀裕度
Corrosion resistant linings 防腐蚀衬里
Corrugated shells 波纹形壳体
Corrugating Paper Machinery 波纹板机械
Cover plates 盖板
on manholes and handholes 在人孔和手孔上的spherically dished 球形封头
Cracking, stress corrosion 应力腐蚀裂缝
Cutting plates 板材切割
Cylindrical shells, supplementary loading 柱状壳体,附加载荷
thickness 厚度
transition in 过渡段
Data report, guide for preparation 准备数据报告的指南
Defects in welded vessels, repair 修理焊接容器中的缺陷Definitions 定义
Design, brazed vessels 设计钎焊容器
carbon and low alloy steel vessels 碳钢及低合金钢容器cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器
cast iron vessels 铸铁容器
clad vessels 覆层容器
thickness of shell 壳体厚度
reducers 变径段
fabrication, brazed vessels 制造,钎焊容器
Ferritic steels vessels with tensile proper
ties enhanced by heat treatment, design
经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器,设计fbrication 制造
head design 封头设计
heat treatment热处理
heat treatment verification tests 热处理验证试验marking 标志
materials 材料
stamping 标记
welded joints 焊接接头
Field assembly of vessels 容器的现场安装
Filler plugs for trepanned holes 锥孔的管塞
Fillet welds 角焊
Fired process tubular heaters 直接火管式加热炉Fitting attachments 附件装配
Flange connections 法兰连接
Flange contact facings 法兰接触面
Flanges 法兰
bolted design 螺柱法兰设计
of formed heads for welding 用于焊接成型封头
type of attachment 附件的类型
Flat heads and covers, unstayed 无支撑平封头和盖板reinforcement of openings 开孔补强
Flat spots on formed heads 成型封头上的平坦部分Flued openings 翻边开孔
Forged parts, small 锻造部件,小的
Forged vessels 锻造容器
heat treatment 热处理
localized thin areas 局部薄壁区
welding 焊接
Forgings 锻件
identification of 识别
Ultrasonic Examination 超声检验
Form
manufacturer’s data report 制造厂数据报告格式partial report 零部件数据报告
Formed heads 成型封头
flued openings in 封头上翻边开孔insertion of, welded vessels 插入,焊接容器
joint efficiency 接头系数
knuckle radius 转角半径
length of skirt 直边长度
on welded vessels 在焊接容器上
reinforcement for openings 开孔补强
ends of shell plates and buttstraps 壳体板和对接搭板端forged heads 锻造封头
shell sections and heads 筒节和封头
Furnaces 炉子
temperatures for postweld head treatment 焊后热处理温度
Furnaces for heat treating 热处理炉
temperature control of 炉温控制
Galvanized vessels 镀锌容器
Gasket materials 垫片材料
Girth joints (see circumferential joints) 环缝接头(见环向接头)
Handhole and manhole openings 手孔和人孔开孔
Head flange (skirt) length 封头翻边(直边)长度
Head joints 封头接头
brazing 钎焊
welded 焊接
Head openings 封头开孔
entirely in spherical portion 全部在球体部分
Head joints 封头接头
concave and convex 凹面和凸面
flat (see flat heads) 平板(见平封头)
forged 锻造的
formed (see Formed heads) 成型的(见成形封头) forming 面型
thickness, after forming 厚度,成型之后
Heads, design, conical 封头,设计,锥形
ellipsoidal 椭圆形
hemispherical 半球形
spherically dished 球状碟形
toriconical 带折边的锥形
torispherical 带折边的球形
torispherical, knuckle radius 带折边的球形,转角半径heads and shells 封头和壳体
external pressure, out-of-roundness 外压,不圆度openings through or near welded joints 通过或靠近焊缝处的开孔
roundness tolerance 不圆度公差
Heat exchangers 热交换器
Heat treatment 热处理
by fabricator 由制造厂进行
carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by
heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器forged vessels 锻造容器
furnaces 炉子
high-alloy vessels 高合金容器
of test specimens 试样的热处理
verification tests of 热处理验证试验
Hemispherical heads 半球形封头
High pressure vessels 高压封头
Holes 小孔
for screw stays 用于螺丝固定
for trepanning plug sections, refilling 用于穿孔螺塞部分,再填充
telltale 指示孔
unreinforced, in welded joints 不补强,在焊缝上
Hubs, on flanges 高颈,在法兰上
Hydrostatic proof tests 水压验证试验
destructive 破坏性
prior pressure application 在升压之前
Hydrostatic test 水压试验
cast iron vessels 铸铁容器
combined with pneumatic 与气压试验混合的
enameled vessels 搪玻璃容器
external pressure vessels 外压容器
galvanized vessels 镀锌容器
standard 标准
welded vessels 焊接容器
Identification 识别
of forging 锻件
of plates 平板
of welds 焊接
Identification markers, radiographs 识别标志,射线照相Impact test 冲击试验
certification 证明
properties 性能
specimens 试样
temperature 温度
Inspection 检查
before assembling 组装之前
carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢
cast ductile iron vessels 可锻铸铁容器
cast iron vessels 铸铁容器
clad vessels 覆层容器
during fabrication 在制造期间
ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经过热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体的容器fitting up 组对
forged vessels 锻造容器
heat treatment, forgings 热处理,锻件
high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器magnetic particle 磁粉
material 材料
nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器
plate 板材
postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理
pressure vessels, accessibility 压力容器,可达性
quality control 质量管理
sectioning of welded joints 焊接接头的剖面检验
spot examination 抽样检查
steel castings 铸钢件
surfaces exposed and component parts 暴露的表面和元件部分
test specimens 试样
vessels 容器
vessels exempted from 免检容器
welded vessels 焊接容器
inspection openings 检查孔
Inspectors 检查师
access to plant 在厂内应有的便利
control of stamping 打印管理
duties 职责
facilities 装备
qualification 资格
reports 报告
Installation 安装
pressure-relieving devices 泄压装置
pressure vessel 压力容器
Integral cast iron dished heads 整体铸铁碟形封头integrally finned tubes 整体翅片管
Internal structures 内部构件
Jacketed vessels 夹套容器
Joints 接头
brazed 钎焊
circumferential (see Circumferential joints) efficiency, brazed 环缝(见环向接头)系数,钎焊
welded 焊接
electric resistance, butt welding 电阻,对接焊
in cladding and applied linings 在覆层及衬里
in vessels subjected to external pressure 在承受外压的容器
lap (see Lap joints) 搭接(见搭接接头)
longitudinal (see Longitudinal joints) 纵向(见纵向接头) tube-to-tubesheet 管子对管板
Jurisdictional Review 权限审查
Knuckles 过渡圆角
radius 半径
transition section 变径段
Lap joints 搭接接头
amount of overlap 搭接量
brazed 钎焊
longitudinal under external pressure 在外压作用下纵向的welded 焊接
Laws Covering Pressure Vessels 涉及压力容器的法规Lethal gases or liquids 致命的气体或液体
Ligaments, efficiency of 孔带,系数
Limitation on welded vessels 焊接容器的限制
Limit of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度的限制Linings 衬里
corrosion resistant 抗腐蚀
Liquid penetrant examination 液体渗透检验
Loadings 载荷
Local postweld heat treatment 局部焊后热处理Longitudinal joints 纵向接头
alignment tolerance 对准公差
brazing 钎焊
vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Low-temperature operation 低温操作
Low-temperature vessels brazed 低温容器,钎焊
for gases and liquids 用于气体和液体
impact test requirements 冲击试验要求
impact test, when not required 冲击试验,当不要求时marking 标志
materials 材料
testing of materials 材料试验
Lugs for ladders, platforms, and other 梯子,平台及其它附件的支耳
Magnetic particle inspection 磁粉检查
Manholes, and handholes 人孔,手孔
cover plate for 盖板
minimum vessel diameter requiring 所需最小容器直径Manufacture, responsibility of 制造者,职责Manufacturer’s Data Report (see Data Report) 制造厂数据报告(见数据报告)
Manufacturer’s stamps 制造厂的印记
Marking castings 标志,铸件
materials 材料
plates 板材
standard pressure parts 标志受压件
valves and fittings 阀门和配件
with Code symbol 带有规范符号
Markings, transfer after cutting plates 标志,板材切割以后的转移
Materials, approval of new 材料,新材料的批准
approval of repairs 修补的批准
brazed vessels 钎焊容器
carbon and low-alloy steel vessels 碳钢和低合金钢容器cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁
castings 铸铁
cast iron vessels 铸铁容器
certification 合格证
clad vessels 覆层容器
combination of 组合材料
ferritic steel vessels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢容器forged vessels 锻造容器
for nonpressure parts 非受压元件
heat treatment of 热处理
high-alloy steel vessels 高合金钢容器
inspection of 检查
nonferrous vessels 非铁金属容器
pipe and tube 管子
plate 板
rods and bars 杆和棒
specification for 标准
standard pressure, parts 标准受压元件
unidentified 未鉴别的
use of over thickness listed in Section Ⅱ采用超过列于第Ⅱ卷表中的厚度
welded vessels 焊接容器
Measurement, 测量
dimensional 尺寸
of out-of-roundness of shells 壳体不圆度
Metal temperature determination 金属温度,确定control of 控制
Mill undertolerance 钢厂负公差控制
Minimum thickness of plate 板材的最小厚度控制Miscellaneous pressure parts 其它受压件控制Multichamber vessels design 多承压室容器,设计Multiple duplicate vessels 多个相同的容器
Multiple safety valves 多个安全阀
Nameplates 铭牌
New materials 新材料
Noncircular vessels 非圆形容器
ligament efficiency 孔带系数
nomenclature 术语
obround design 长圆形设计
rectangular design 矩形设计
reinforcement 补强
examples 实例
Nonpressure parts, attachment of 非受压元件的连接Notch ductility test 缺口韧性试验
Nozzle openings, reinforced 接管开孔,补强的unreinforced 非补强的
vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压得容器Nozzles attachment of to shell 接管,与壳体的连接minimum thickness of neck 缩颈的最小厚度
(see also Connections)(也可见连接件)
Nuts and washers 螺母和垫圈
Offset of edges of plates at joints 在接头处板边的偏差Openings adjacent to welds 开孔,邻近焊缝
closure of 封闭
for connections to brazed vessels 用于对钎焊容器的连接for drainage 用于排放
head (see Openings head and shell) 封头(见开孔,封头和壳体)
in flat heads 在平板封头上
inspection 检查
manhole (see Manholes) 人孔(见人孔)
nozzle (see Nozzle opening) 接管(见接管开孔)
shell (see Openings, head and shell) 壳体(见开孔,封头和壳体)
through welded joints 通过焊接接头
Openings, head and shell, computation of 开孔,封头和壳体,计算
not requiring additional reinforcement 不需要附加补强reinforced, size 补强,尺寸
reinforcement for adjacent openings 邻近开孔的补强reinforcement of 补强
requiring additional reinforcement 需要附加补强
shapes permissible 许用形式
unreinforced, size 不补强的,尺寸
Outlets, discharge, pressure relieving devices 排放口,出料,泄压装置
Out-of-roundness 不圆度
Overpressure limit for vessels 容器的超压极限
Partial data report, manufacturer’s 零部件数据报告,制造厂的
Parts, miscellaneous 部件,各种各样的
Peening 捶击
Pipe connections openings for 管子的连接,用于开孔
Pipe fittings vessels built of 管子配件,制造的容器
Pipe and tubes 各类管子
Pipe used for shells 用作壳体的管子
piping external to vessel 容器外的管子
Plate, curvature 板,曲率
measurement, dimensional check 测量,尺寸校核
Plate edges cutting 板边,切割
exposed left unwelded 留下不予焊接的显露部分inspection of 检查
Plates 平板
alignment 找准
cover 盖板
cutting 切割
forming 成型
heat treatment 热处理
identification 标志
impact test 冲击试验
inspection 检查
laying out 划线
less than 6 mm thickness 厚度小6mm
markings transfer after cutting 标志,在切割以后的转移minimum thickness 最小厚度
repair of defects 缺陷修理
specifications 标准
structural carbon steel 结构碳钢
Plug welds 塞焊
Pneumatic test 气压试验
pressure 压力
yielding 屈服
Porosity welded joints 气孔,焊接接头
Porosity charts 气孔图
Postheat treatment 后热处理
connections for nozzles and attachments 用于接管和附件的连接
cooling after 随后的冷却
furnace temperature 炉温
inspection 检查
local 局部
requirements 要求
temperature range 温度范围
welded vessels 焊接容器
Preheating 预热
Preparation of plates for welding 焊接板材的准备pressure, design 压力,设计
limits 极限
(see also Working pressure, allowable) (也可见工作压力,许用)
Pressure parts miscellaneous 受压件,其它的Pressure relieving devices 泄压装置
discharge 排放
installation and operation 安装和运转
rupture disks 防爆模
setting 整定
Pressure vessels 压力容器
exempted from inspection 免检
Produce form of Specification 产品技术条件
Proof test hydrostatic (see Hydrostatic proof test) 验证试验,水压(见水压试验)
Qualification 评定
of brazers 钎焊工
of welders 焊工
of welding procedure 焊接工艺
Quality Control System 质量保证体系
Quenching and tempering 淬火及回火
Quick-actuating closures 快开盖
Radiograph factor 射线照相系数
Radiographing 射线照相
examination by 检查
partial 部分
quality factors 质量系数
requirements 要求
spot examination 抽样检查
retests 重新试验
thickness, mandatory minimum 规定最小厚度Radiographs, acceptance by inspector 射线照相,由检查员认为合格
gamma rays, radium capsule γ射线,装镭的盒子interpretation by standard procedure 由标准程序的说明rounded indications 圆形显示
Reaming holes for screw stays 为固定螺钉用的铰孔Reducer sections, rules for 变径段,规程Reinforcement 补强
defined limits 规定的范围
head and shell openings 封头及壳体开孔
large openings 大开孔
multiple openings 多个开孔
nozzle openings 接管开孔
of openings in shells, computation of 壳体上开孔,计算openings subject to rapid pressure fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔
Fluctuation 经受压力突然波动的开孔
strength 强度
Relief devices 泄放装置
(see also Pressure relieving devices, Safety and relief Valves)(也可见泄压装置,安全阀和泄压阀)
Relieving capacity of safety valves 安全阀排量
Repairs, approval of defects in material 修理,材料中缺陷的认可
defective Brazing 有缺陷的钎焊
defects in forgings 锻件中的缺陷
defects in welds 焊缝中的缺陷
Responsibility of manufacturer 制造者的职责
Retention of Records 记录的保存
Radiographs 射线照相
Manufacturer’s Data Reports 制造厂的数据报告Retests, frogings 复试,锻件
impact specimens 冲击试样
joints, welded 接头,焊接
Rods, bars, and shapes 杆棒喝型材
Rolled parts, small 轧制件,小件
Rupture disks 爆破模
Safety 安全性
safety relief, and pressures relief valves, adjustable blow down, capacity certification 安全泄放和泄压阀,可调节的泄放,排放量证明
capacity, conversion 排量,换算
connection to vessels 连接至容器
construction 结构
discharge pipe 排放管
indirect operation 间接操作
installation 安装
installation on vessels in service 容器在役时的安装liquid relief 液体泄放
marking 标志
minimum requirements 最低要求
pressure setting 压力整定
spring loaded 受载弹簧
springs, adjustment 弹簧,调节
stop valves adjacent to 邻近的截止阀
test 试验
protective devices 防护装置
for unfired steam boiler 对非直接火蒸气锅炉Scope 适用范围
sectioning, closing holes left by 解剖,解剖孔的封闭etching plugs taken 解剖样的侵蚀
examination by 检查
Service restriction 使用限制
Shapes, special 形状,特殊
Shell plates, forming ends of 壳体用材料,封头成型Shells 壳体
allowable working pressure 许用工作压力computation of openings in 开孔计算
forming 成型
made from pipe 由管子制造的
stiffening rings 刚性环
thickness 厚度
Transition section 过渡段
Sigma-phase formation σ相的形成
Skirts length on heads 直边、封头上的长度
support of vessels 裙座,容器支撑
Slag inclusion welds 焊缝中的夹渣
Special constructions 特殊结构
Specification for materials 材料标准
Spherical sections of vessels 容器的球形部分
Spot examination of welded joints 焊接接头的抽样检查Springs for safety valves 安全阀的弹簧
Stamping location of 打印位置
multipressure vessels 多重压力容器
omission of 省略
safety valves 安全阀
with Code symbol 带有规范标记
Stamps, certificate of authorization 钢印,授权
low stress 低压力
not to be covered 不应覆盖
to be visible on plates 在板上可见
Static head, in setting safety valves, effect of on limiting stresses 静压头,在整定安全阀时,影响,对极限应力Stayed surfaces 支撑表面
Staying formed heads 成型封头的支撑
Stays and staybolts, adjacent to edges of staybolted surface 支撑件及拉撑螺栓,邻近用螺栓拉撑得表面周边处allowable stress 许用应力
area supported 支撑面
dimensions 尺寸
ends 端部
location 位置
pitch 节距
screw, holes for 螺孔
upset for threading 为车制螺纹的镦粗
welded 焊接的
Steam generating vessels, unfired 蒸汽锅炉,非直接火Steel, carbon content 钢,含碳量
Stenciling plates for identification 在板材上打印标志Stiffening rings, attachment to shell 刚性环,和壳体的装配for vessels under external pressure 用于外压容器Stiffness, support of large vessels for 刚性,大容器支座Stop valves 截止阀
adjacent to safety and relief valves 邻近于安全和泄压阀Strength of brazed joints 钎焊接头的强度
Stress corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀裂缝
Stress values, attachment weld 应力值,连接焊缝
basis for establishing 确定的基础
carbon and low-alloy steel 碳钢和低合金钢
cast iron 铸铁
ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment 经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体刚
high-alloy steel高合金钢
nonferrous metals 非铁金属
Stud bolt threads 双头螺栓螺纹
Studded connections 双头螺纹连接
Supplementary design formulas 补充设计公式Supports, design 支座,设计
pressure vessels 压力容器
temperature free movement under 在温度下活动不受约束
types of steel permissible for 容许的钢材类型
vessels subjected to external pressure 承受外压的容器Surface Weld Metal Buildup 金属堆焊表面
Tables, effective gasket width b 表,有效垫片宽度b gasket materials and contact facings 垫片材料和接触面maximum allowable efficiencies for arc and gas welded joints 电弧焊和气焊接头的最大许用系数
minimum number of pipe threads for connections 管螺纹连接的最少螺纹牙数
molecular weights of gases and vapors 气体和蒸汽的分子量
of stress values, carbon and low-alloy steel 应力值,碳钢和低合金钢
cast iron 铸铁
cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁
ferritic steels with tensile properties enhanced by heat treatment经热处理后提高抗拉性能的铁素体钢
high-alloy steel 高合金钢
nonferrous metals 非铁金属
welded carbon low-alloy pipe and tubes 焊接低合金碳钢管
of values factor K系数K值
factor M 系数M
factor 系数
postweld heat treatment requirements 焊后热处理要求recommended temperature ranges for heat treatment 推荐的热处理温度范围
spherical radius factor K1 球半径系数K1
Telltale holes 指示孔
in opening reinforcement 开孔补强
Temperature, definitions 温度,定义
design 设计
determination 确定
free movement of vessel on supports 支座上的容器活动不受约束
heat treatment 热处理
limitations, of brazed vessels 限制,钎焊容器
of cast ductile iron 可锻铸铁
of postweld heat treating 焊后热处理
metal, control of 金属,控制
operating or working, definitions 操作或工作,定义zones of different 不同区域
Termination point of a vessel 容器的界限点
Test coupons 试样
Test gages requirements 试验仪表,要求
Test plates heat treatment 试板,热处理
impact test 冲击试验
production 生产
Tests, hydrostatic proof 试验,水压验证
pneumatic (see pneumatic test) 气压,见气压试验vessels whose strength cannot be calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器
calculated 不能由计算求得强度的容器
Thermal buffers 热缓冲器
Thermocouples attachment 热电偶,安装
Thickness gages, details 厚度量规,细节
Thick shells, cylindrical 厚壳体,圆柱形
spherical 球形
Thin plates marking 薄板,标志
Threaded connection 螺纹连接
Threaded inspection openings 螺纹检查孔
Threads, stud bolts 螺纹,双头螺栓
Tolerances, forged shells and heads 公差,锻造容器及封头Toriconical heads 带折边的锥形封头
Torispherical heads 带折边的球形封头
Transfering marking on plates 板上标志的移植Transition in cylindrical shells 柱状壳体的过渡
Trays and baffles, acting as partial shell stiffeners 塔盘及挡板,作为部分壳体加强圈
Tubes and pipe 管子
Tube-to-tubesheet joints 管子与管板的连接
Ultrasonic examination of welds 焊缝的超声检验
UM vessels UM 容器
Unfired steam boiler 非直接火蒸汽锅炉
Unidentified materials 未识别的材料
Valves, connections 阀,连接
safety and relief (see safety and relief valves) 安全和泄压装置
Valves and fittings, marking 阀及其配件,标志Verification tests, heat treatment 验证试验,热处理Volume exemption 容器的免检
Weld deposits, cleaning 焊接熔敷金属,清理
peening 捶击
Welded joints, category 焊接接头,类别
description of types 类型的描述
efficiency 焊缝系数
impact test, across 冲击试验,横向
postweld heat treating 焊后热处理
radiographic examination, complete 射线照相检查,整个的
rounded indications 圆形显示
sectioning, etch test 解剖,侵蚀试验
spot examination 抽样检查
staggered, longitudinal 错开,轴向
taper, plates of unequal thicknesses 锥度,不等厚板types around openings 类型,环绕开孔
ultrasonic examination of 超声检验
Welded reinforcement of nozzle openings 接管开孔的焊缝补强
Welded vessels 焊接容器
holes in joints of 接头处的孔
inspection 检查
limitations on 限制
tests of 试验
Welders and welding operators 焊工和自动焊工
identifying stamps 识别标记
records of, by manufacturers 由制造厂所作的记录
test of qualification 评定试验
Welding 焊接
cleaning of welded surfaces 焊件表面清理
details, limitations 细节,限制
forged vessels 锻造容器
materials 材料
materials having different coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数不同的材料
of attachment around openings 开孔周围的连接plate, fitting up joints 平板,连接处的装配
plate edges, matching 板边,匹配
preparation of plates 钣材的制备
procedure qualification 工艺评定
processes 工艺
test requirement 试验要求
Weld metal, composition 焊缝金属,成分
Welds acceptability, when radiographed 焊缝合格,用射线照相时
when sectioned 解剖时
fillet 填角
identification of 识别
plug 塞焊
reinforcement, butt welds 补强,对接焊
repairs of defects in 焊缝中缺陷的修补
sharp angles, avoid at weld edges 尖角,避免在焊缝边上structural 结构
tack 定位焊
types, description 类型,描述
ultrasonic examination of 超声检验
Working pressure allowable, braced and stayed surfaces 许用工作压力,有拉撑和支撑表面
by proof test 验证性试验
definition of 定义
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
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材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的,严格的来说,材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系,与此相反,材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系,来设计和生产具有预定性
采矿工程专业英语(部分重要文章翻译)
P1 二、复合难句: 1、Mining may well have been the second of humankind's earliest endeavors--granted that agriculture was the first. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization 如果说农业是人类最早的产业(文明)的话,那么采矿就理所当然地排在第二。这两种产业作为人类早期文明最原始或最基本的产业联系在了一起。 2、If we consider fishing and lumbering as part of agriculture and oil and gas production as part of mining , then agriculture and mining continue to supply all the basic resources used by modern civilization 如果我们把捕鱼业和伐木业作为农业的一部分,而石油和天然气产业作为采矿的一部分,那么农业和采矿业至今仍是现代文明所使用的基础资源的支柱 3、Here the term mining is used in its broadest context as encompassing the extraction of any naturally occurring mineral substances-solid , liquid , and gas-from the earth or other heavenly bodies for utilitarian purposes. 这里所说的采矿是指广义上的,因为它包括为实利目的而从地球或其他天体岩石中获取任何天然形成的固态、液态和气态矿物的开采 4、Mine:An excavation made in the earth to extract minerals 采矿:为了开采矿物而在地球上进行的一种挖掘 5、Mining: the activity , occupation , and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals 采矿业:一种与开采矿物有关的活动、职业和产业 6、Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering principles to the development , planning , operation , closure and reclamation of mines. 采矿工程:运用工程原理生产、规划、运作和关闭(充填)以及对矿山再利用(复垦)的一种实践 7、Mineral:A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and a characteristic chemical composition , crystal form , and physical properties. 矿物:一种天然形成的无机元素或化合物(无机物),它有着有序的内部构造、特有的化学成分、结晶形式和物理性质。 8、Rock:Any naturally formed aggregate of one or more types of mineral particles
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版(曹同玉)课后单词电子教案
高分子材料工程专业英语第二版(曹同玉) 课后单词
专业英语 accordion 手风琴 activation 活化(作用) addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物 aggravate 加重,恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药,化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基 aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化(作用) amino 氨基,氨基的amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的anionic 阴(负)离子的antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香(族)的arrangement (空间)排布,排列atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力,吸引 backbone 主链,骨干 behavior 性能,行为 biological 生物(学)的 biomedical 生物医学的 bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限,范围 brittle 脆的,易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体 catalyst 催化剂,触媒categorization 分类(法) category 种类,类型 cation 正[阳]离子 cationic 阳(正)离子的centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯(气) coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始,着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物 conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象 consistency 稠度,粘稠度contaminant 污物 contour 外形,轮廓 controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论,争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚(合)corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体,结晶 crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的 crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性,变形能力deformation 形变 deformation 变形 degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度 depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物,沉积depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水 diacid 二(元)酸 diamine 二(元)胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimer 二聚物(体) diol 二(元)醇diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解,分散,分离 dislocation 错位,位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解 dissolve 使…溶解 distort 使…变形,扭曲 double bond 双键 dough (生)面团,揉好的面 drug 药品,药物 elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除,打开,除去 elongation 伸长率,延伸率 entanglement 缠结,纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化(作用) evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维 flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的 flocculating agent 絮凝剂 folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶 理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑,碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理 论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶 glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃(态)的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒 growing chain 生长链,活性链 gyration 旋转,回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢(气) hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的 ideal 理想的,概念的 imagine 想象,推测 imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进,改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation (链)引发 initiator 引发剂 inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的 interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子 ion exchange resin 离子交换树 脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射,辐射 irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属 isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的 light scattering 光散射 line 衬里,贴面 liquid crystal 液晶 macromelecule 大分子,高分子 matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距 mechanical property 力学性能, 机械性能 mechanism 机理 medium 介质中等的,中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值,最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动,流动 model 模型 modify 改性 molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布 molten 熔化的 monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态(学) moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的 nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测 器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量 occluded 夹杂(带)的 olefinic 烯烃的 optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸 pattern 花纹,图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能,特征 permeability 渗透性 pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药 的 phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气,碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯 polycondensation 缩(合)聚 (合) polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性 polyesterification 聚酯化(作 用) polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物 polymeric 聚合(物)的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性,孔隙率 positive 正的,阳(性)的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工,成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基 radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物,试剂 reactive 反应性的,活性的 reactivity 反应性,活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除,松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子,筛分 seal 密封 secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降(法) segment 链段 segment 链段 semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀,澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时,同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压 srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的 step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的 stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的 strength 强度 stretch 拉直,拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代,代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的 tacky (表面)发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮,槽车 tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate (链)终止 tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的 tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构,组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的 three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩 transfer (链)转移,(热)传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟 酸羊 trimer 三聚物(体) triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心 (分离) ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化,改变 vinyl 乙烯基(的) vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度 viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量 viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化 weight average molecular weight 重均分子量 X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率 Young's modulus 杨氏模量
专业英语期末考试试卷AB卷标准答案及评分标准
专业英语期末考试试卷A卷标准答案及评分标准(2009-2010第二学期) 一、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into Chinese (20×1=20) 标准答案:1.电气工程 2. 正电荷 3 .信道 4.家庭自动化 5.桌面应用软件 6.下降沿 7.波特率 8.红外线传感器9 数字信号10.激光技术 11光纤12.微处理器13振荡器14.半导体15.远程控制 16触发器17.阴极射线管18 代码错误19.波导管20.通信工程 评分标准:得分=做对的个数×1 二、Translate the following speciality vocabulary into English(10×1=10) 1.circuit 2.voltage 3.diode 4.triode 5.microwave oven 6.watchdog 7.sensor或transducer 8.current 9.transistor 10. magnifier或amplifier 评分标准:得分=做对的个数×1 四、Multiple choices. (2×10=20) 1-5 BCDBD 6-10 BAAAC 评分标准:得分=做对的个数×2 五、Translate the following sentences into Chinese (5×2=10) 1、电源有两种:电流源与电压源。 2、电子元器件分为有源元件与无源元件两类。 3、激光技术是用来测量物体的存在、传感器到物体之间的距离以及物体尺寸的一种技术。 4、计算机的“大脑”被称为微处理器。 5、串行口有四种工作模式。 六、Choose the right statements according to the following passage .(true(T) or false (F) (5×2=10)) P1: 1-5 T F T F T 评分标准:得分=做对的个数×2 七、Reading Comprehension(5×2=10)) 1-5 B C A D C 评分标准:得分=做对的个数×2
采矿工程专业英语词汇册精编版
采矿工程专业英语词汇 册 公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册 (Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ) 采矿工程专业内部讲义 二零零七年三月 Content Chapter 3 .1 Mining method (2) Chapter 3.2 Mine preplanning (3) Chapter3.3 Mine development (4) Chapter 4.1 Wall mining introduction (5) Chapter 4.2 Ground control aspects ..... (6) Chapter 4.3 Roof support system (7) Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machine (8) Chapter 4.5 Convey system (8) Chapter 4.6 Mine Vetilation (10) Chapter 5 Pillaring system (11)
Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support (12) Chapter 7 Novel methods of mining (16) Chapter 3 .1 Mining method
mining method 采矿方法;mining operation 采矿作业;transportation 运输;ventilation 通风; ground control 顶板管理;the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本; recovery 回采率; subside v. subsidence n.地表沉陷; subsidence control 地表沉陷控制 cover 覆盖层; overburden 上覆地层;immediate roof 直接顶; floor 底板; dip (Pitch)倾角;hardness 硬度; strength 强度; cleavage 解理;gas,methane 瓦斯 daily operation 日常工作single operation 单一工序unit operation 单元作业auxiliary operation辅助作业cutting n. 切割,掏槽;blasting n. 爆破 loading n. 装煤 haul v. 运输,搬运 drainage n.排水 power n. 动力 power Supply 动力供应 communication n. 通讯lighting n.照明。 disruption in production 停产; reduction in production 减产; compromise 折衷 room and pillar 房柱式
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版 翻译以及答案
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象,交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产,事实上(virtually),我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上,社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关,事实上,早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料,比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展,通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属,而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时,材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程,也就是说,在一系列有限的材料中,根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料,直到最近的时间内,科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得,使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此,为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会,成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来,包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展,使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆,例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材,或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西,汽车就不可能被生产,在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料 四、有时,将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科
专业英语期末试卷
ACCOUNTING ENGLISH Middle-of-term Test Papers PartⅠ.Translating the following terms 1、Notes to financial statements 2、Accounting elements 3、Variable costs 4、Economic entity 5、Depreciation expense 6、Deferred income taxes 7、Nominal accounts 8、ROA 9、LIFO 10、Work in process 11、现金收支 12、原材料 13、制造费用 14、相关性 15、持续经营 16、复式记账 17、优先股 18、预付费用 19、购货退回与折让 20、永续盘存制
PartⅡ.True or False 1、 The accounting process generates financial reports for both “internal ”and “external”users. 2、The balance sheet reflects the basic accounting equation and the means of financing the organization's assets. 3、The existence of Accounts Receivable on the Balance Sheet indicates that the company has one or more creditors. 4、Liabilities are classified and presented in increasing order of liquidity. 5、Working capital equals current assets less current liabilities. 6、Declaration of dividends reduces the retained earnings portion of the owners' equity of the corporation and creates a liabilities called Dividends Payable. 7、A chart of accounts is a listing of the titles of all accounts. 8、The cash basis of accounting often violates the matching rule. 9、Closing entries convert real and nominal accounts to zero balance. 10、The work sheet is published with the balance sheet and income statement, as a supplementary statement. 11、A company's sustainable growth rate is the highest growth rate in sales it can attain without issuing new stock. 12、Only rapidly growing firms have growth management problems.