动词的或形式做定语讲解与练习总结
用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词, 动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。
动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(表示运动员的特征)
asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(表示“令人….”)
little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)
you know the number of people coming to the party你知道来参加晚会的人数吗(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)
注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:
young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如：
昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。
professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
不正确的表述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:
set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting room.
女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如:
were about 200 children studying in the art school.
有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
is the woman talking to our English teacher
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁
3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,
disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,
interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。如:
must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。
experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。
is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。
4)有些-ing形式已经转化成名词,常做定语用来修饰物
The scanning electron micrographs 这些电镜扫描照片
除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即being done. being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:
tall building being built now is our new school.
正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。
question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.
正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。
-ing形式做定语专练
lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
dollars remained dollars to remain
20 dollars 20 dollars.
wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
cover
was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.
;of whom ;of them
;of them ;of whom
question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
be discussing discuss
discussed discussed
is a _____ country ______ to the third world.
;belongs ;belonging
;belongs ;belonged
is the man ______ to the teacher
---A model worker _____ our school.
,visits talking;is visiting
;visiting ;visited
many of us ________, say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion
attend attended
flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
smell be smelt
答案:D A D D B C B B
一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词, 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“已完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．
高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers．
我的父母都是退休教师。
(1)前置定语
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。
Lost time can never be found again．虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(2)后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. The books left are for my students．剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight 今晚有什么活动吗
(=That has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
(=which was attended by a lot of people)
1) Most of the artists __________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
2) The first text books ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
3) The Olympic games,_______ in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods _______through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel.
A. tired, boring
B. tiring, bored
C. tired, bored
D. tiring, boring
二、动词-ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter．看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。
作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等
所修饰。
I was very pleased at the news．
听了这消息我很高兴。
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
三、动词-e d形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去
分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
如:
She found the door broken in when
she came back．
她回来时发现有人破门而人。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．
我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
1. I must get my bike repaired．
我必须请人修理自行车。
(宾语补足语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．
人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。
(主语补足语)
(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
They considered the matter settled．
他们认为这问题解决了。
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补
足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have,
keep, leave, hold等。
I have my hair cut once a month．
我每个月理一次发。
He was trying to make himself understood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。
She held her hands pressed against her face.
她用双手按着脸。
“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：
①(请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired．
她请人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut
你在哪儿理的发
②参遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。
③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．
我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．
他今年已存了1000元。
(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命
令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括
like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
He won’t like such questions discussed
at the meeting．
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued．
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden．
周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。1) --- Good morning. Can I help you
--- I’d like to have this package _____,
madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
2) The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. played
3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________ went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
Ⅰ.单项选择：
1. From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked
2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked ____ in it.
A. losing
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
3. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions agai nst the laws get parents ____.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
4. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; burying
B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying
D. falling; buried
5. She was glad to see her child well ____ care of.
A. take
B. to be taken
C. taken
D. taking
6. Friendship is like money easier made than ____.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. to keeping
D. being kept
7. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
8. John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked
B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocking
D. to leave; unlocking
9. The girl ____ forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look
B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks
D. referring to looks
10. The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
11. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
12. ____ time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
13. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. To lose
C. Lost
D. Having lost
14. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
(新)高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补与状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1、表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible、(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作就是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2、表示主语具有的特征、性质与状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词) The problem is quite puzzling、 这个问题很令困惑。 3、常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往就是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night、(staying too late every night的逻辑主语就是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途与性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 瞧起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如就是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south、(=which is facing south) 她们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket) 您认识在打篮球的那个小男孩不？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人就是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house、 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting、
动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，和宾补 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting. 3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补） I felt somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won‘t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing. 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。 练习题 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. 1)_______ (clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 2)All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear. 3)When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital. 4)Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm. 5)The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital. 6)The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet." 7)—What is a water can used for?
中考定语从句完整归纳
中考九年级英语定语从句完整归纳 一、定语从句 1．Kids，I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. A．who B．what C．which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：孩子们，虽然到了说再见的时候了，我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是the good old days，从句中spent后缺少宾语，应用关系代词which引导，故应选C。 2． My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings. A．they B．who C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories（故事）表示物，需用关系代词that或which，引导词同时做从句的主语，根据句意结构，故选C。 3．On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world． A．that B．who C．where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：2019年4月15日，周一，巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。 A. that先行词是人或物， B. who先行词是人； C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。 【点睛】 在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
必修4 Unit3 动词-ing形式作表语定语和宾语补足语练习(含答案)
l g e m 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. We heaard them (quarrel) about money after the concert. They looked very angry. 2. The villagers saw the fire (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses (burn) to the ground already. 3. I didn’t see anyone (take) away your paper. It might have been blown by the wind. 4. During the days (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting. 5. The woman (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 6. Einstein was one of the greatest scientists (repect) by people. 7. Doing nothing is (do) ill. 8. To do that would be (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 9. We were all very (surprise) at the news. I found it very (surprise). 10. He gave us an (inspire) speech. We were all (inspire). 二、在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句型转换(每空一词)。 1. Your task is cleaning the house carefully.______ ______ _______ _______ is your task. 2. His speech inspired us. We _________ _________ by his speech. 3. The boy who was missing was last seen playing near the lake. The ______ boy was last seen playing
18-19 Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——动词-ing形式作定语和状语
Section ⅢGrammar——动词-ing形式作 定语和状语 [语境自主领悟] 一、动词-ing形式(现在分词)由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语 动词-ing形式的基本形式如下： ) 学生们走在街上，又说又笑。 Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。 Having struggled for many years，he was finally admitted to a key university. 经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。 Having been laughed at for his mistakes，the boy was very upset.那男孩因犯错
而被嘲笑，他非常沮丧。 [名师点津] 动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing 形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。 [即时演练1]单句语法填空 ①I like staying up late watching (watch) TV，surfing the Internet or doing something I'm fond of. ②Having lived (live) in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well. ③Seeing (see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 【导学号：21122031】 二、动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语 1．动词-ing形式作定语。 The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it.(前置定语) 消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林，去营救被困人员。 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.(后置定语)站在那儿的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。 The building being built over there is our library.(后置定语，强调“正在被建”) 那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing. ＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 (2)作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
初三英语定语从句完整归纳讲解与练习题
定语从句的用法和精练 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词后 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 （一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,
作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that 作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
动词ing形式作表语,定语和宾语补足语.
概念引入 The music they are playing sounds so exciting . We watched three boys sharing their food with each Our job is playing all kinds of music . The girl singing now is a classmate of mine 用法讲解 非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种： 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。 ?基本形式： 1、-ing形式作表语 1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。 如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征， 如： His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。 2、-ing形式作定语 1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途， 如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度， 如： tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作， 如： 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor. 我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。 We can see the rising sun. Attention 1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别： The student making the experiment is our monitor. They lived in a room facing the street. 正在举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting being held now is very important. 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting held yesterday is very important. 明天要举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份 (一)
动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份（一） 一、动词-ing形式做主语 1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓 语一律用单数。 Eg: Talking is an art. Eg: Tearning English well is not easy. 2、it做形式主语的情况 It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的 It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的 There is no `````````doing sth. Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result. Eg: It is no good playing games. 二、动词-ing形式做表语 动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语 的位置可以互换） Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits. Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task. 与现在进行时的区别： He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he) 2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与 主语互换。 系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。 Eg: This film is interesting. Eg: Today’s weather is nice. Eg: The song sounds good. (主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的) 三、动词-ing形式做宾语 1、作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。 allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
中考复习专题常见定语从句最全总结
中考复习专题常见定语从句最全总结 一、定语从句 1．–– What are you looking for? ––I’m looking for the book _______ you bought last Sunday. A．who B．when C．that 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：——你正在寻找什么？——我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who引导定语从句,修饰人，作定语从句的主语或宾语；when引导定语从句，作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰事物或人，作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book是事物，作定语从句谓语bought的宾语，故用that引导定语从句，故选C。 2．My mother doesn't like stories _____have sad endings. A．that B．who C．where D．those 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事。 根据句子结构可知这里考查定语从句的引导词，先排除D；先行词是stories，指物，排除B；且定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，排除C，故选：A。 3．Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat_____tell you your weight? A．/ B．who C．whom D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：散步后坐下来很令人放松。但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗? 考查关系词辨析。本句是定语从句，who和whom用于先行词是人时，前者多做主语（也可做宾语），后者只做宾语；that指人或物，可省略。本句先行词seat是物，可排除BD 两项；引导词做从句的主语，that不可省略，故选D。 4．—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth（流浪地球） ? —Yes. It's the best one I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．it 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你看过《流浪地球》这部电影吗？——这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。
高一英语必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语
Unit 4动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job His hobby is painting. = Painting is his job. 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging. 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 reading material 阅读材料 No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. There is a swimming pool in our school. ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 sleeping child 熟睡的孩子walking stick 手杖living room 起居室running water 自来水 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 In the following years he worked even hard. 在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。 The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
初中英语定语从句知识点总结
初中英语定语从句知识点总结 要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how 等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom 作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
必修4Unit3动词-ing形式作表语定语和宾语补足语练习(含答案)(可编辑修改word版)
动词-ing 形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.We heaard them (quarrel) about money after the concert. They looked very angry. 2.The villagers saw the fire (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses (burn) to the ground already. 3.I didn’t see anyone (take) away your paper. It might have been blown by the wind. 4.During the days (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting. 5.The woman (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 6.Einstein was one of the greatest scientists (repect) by people. 7.Doing nothing is (do) ill. 8.To do that would be (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 9.We were all very (surprise) at the news. I found it very (surprise). 10.He gave us an (inspire) speech. We were all (inspire). 二、在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句型转换(每空一词)。 1.Your task is cleaning the house carefully. is your task. 2.His speech inspired us. We by his speech. 3.The boy who was missing was last seen playing near the lake. The boy was last seen playing
定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解总结 Prepared on 24 November 2020
定语从句讲解 一．定语从句 1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， 如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5：主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 二．定语从句（从句部分） 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词， 如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 一．关系代词which的用法 1.English is a language.