二战后世界经济格局的演变

二战后世界经济格局的演变

世界经济格局，是指活跃于世界经济领域并充当主角的国家和国际经济组织之间在一定历史时期内相互作用形成的一种结构、态势。其核心内容是大国或国家集团之间的经济力量对比关系和支配世界经济的权力分配状况。世界经济格局的变化，取决于各个国家或国家集团经济实力的彼此消长。

在二战至今不到六十年的时间里，世界经济格局却发生了三次重大演变:战后初期到60年代末的美国称霸世界经济领域;70年代后世界经济向多极化方向发展;80年代末以来世界三大区域经济集团化加快发展。总之，在战后短短的50多年中，世界经济格局经历了从一极到多极的演变过程。每一次演变都给世界产生了巨大的影响。

一、第一次:美国成为资本主义世界经济霸主(战后初期至70年代)

1原因: 战使西欧各国遭到严重削弱，美国远离战场，没有受到战争的破坏，在战争中通过贷款、出卖武器、后勤物资等，获取了大量财富。战后，美国大力拓展世界市场，应用最新科学技术成果，革新生产技术，发展新兴工业，促进了经济的稳定发展。美国资产阶级还向世界各地输出资本，扩大海外市场，赚取高额利润。

2表现: 美国拥有最雄厚的工业实力，到50年代中期，全世界一半以上的商品是美国生产的。黄金储备也最丰富。在战后传统的以英镑为中心的资本主义世界货币体系难以维持的情况下，美国将美元appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly

smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as

close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

与黄金挂钩，其他资本主义国家货币与美元挂钩，建立了以美元为中心的资本主义世界货币制度——“布雷顿森林体系”。此外，美国还倡导和成立了关税与贸易总协定。

3影响:美国利用其强大的经济势力，不断对世界各国特别是西欧各国、日本等进行渗透，企图控制这些国家。通过“布雷顿森林体系”和关税与贸易总协定控制国际金融和世界市场，使西欧、日本等国不得不唯美国马首是瞻。美国还凭借其经济势力，大肆推行强权主义政策，使整个世界动荡不安，难以稳定。

二、第二次:世界经济向多极化方向演变(70年代前期至80年代后期)

1原因:经过短暂的恢复后，主要资本主义国家在加强国际经济联系的同时，充分利用现代科学技术的先进成果，提高劳动生产率，发展新兴产业。各国政府还纷纷加强对经济的宏观指导，积极发展国家垄断资本主义，利用国家的力量推动资本主义经济的发展。西欧国家凭借原有的经济技术基础，大力发展本国经济。1973年，中东产油国大幅度提高石油价格，引发了资本主义世界战后最严重的一次经济危机。经济危机使美国经济出现衰退，危机结束以后，又进入“滞涨”阶段。资本主义国家经济发展不平衡，欧洲共同体国家和日本在许多领域赶上和超过美国。

2表现:日本和欧洲共同体同美国在世界市场上展开激烈的竞争。以美元为中心的资本主义世界货币体系——布雷顿森林体系解体。西appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface

reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

欧国家和日本的崛起，逐渐形成了资本主义世界美、日、西欧三足鼎立的局面。美国由世界上最大的债权国变为最大的债务国。

3影响:西欧国家和日本的崛起，严重动摇了美国的世界霸主地位，使美国即使在美苏争霸中也一度处于守势。美、日、西欧三足鼎立局面的出现，冲击了美苏两极的世界格局，使世界政治经济格局朝着多极化方向发展。同时，发展中国家与发达国家的差距进一步拉大，其利益冲突，甚至对抗不断发生。

三、世界经济呈现经济全球化和区域经济集团化趋势(90年代至今)

1原因:在以信息技术为基础的新技术革命的推动下，世界经济得到极大发展。市场经济制度在全球范围内得到普遍认可和接受。冷战的结束为经济全球化创造了有利的国际环境，国际协调机制不断加强，成为经济全球化发展的必要条件，而国际金融和跨国公司的发展，又加快了经济全球化趋势的出现。在经济全球化趋势日益增强的情况下，为维护自身利益，增强国家在世界贸易中的竞争力，区域经济集团化趋势出现。

2表现:世界各国的经济合作进一步加深，联系日益紧密，跨国公司控制着世界生产总值的三分之一，成为世界经济领域的重要特征。1997年，东南亚爆发金融

危机，使许多国家遭受巨大损失，1995年世界贸易组织正式运转，欧洲联盟、北

美自由贸易区和亚太经济合作组织等三大区域经济集团出现，都是世界经济新变化的有力证据。 appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not

be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste.

7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

3影响:经济全球化使发达资本主义国家在全球范围内开始了新一轮扩展。它一方面给发展中国家带来了发展的机遇，但另一方面也使发展中国家面临空前压力和挑战，其经营风险也越来越大。同时，还给一些国家的社会稳定、地区和平带来了威胁。

区域经济集团化则促进了参加国经济发展，将进一步推动贸易自由化，也有利于世界政治、经济多极化的形成。但区域经济集团化的发展也使新的贸易保护主义有所抬头，同时也加剧了地区间的不平衡发展。

经济科技领域的国际竞争加快了知识经济的兴起和发展，知识经济的兴起和发展是经济全球化的产物，反过来又进一步推动经济全球化进程。

四、当今世界经济发展的趋势与特点

1.经济全球化

经济全球化的含义。它是指在不断发展的科技革命和生产国际化的推动下，各国经济相互依赖、相互渗透日益加深，所有国家、地区和国家集团的所有经济部门和经济环节都成为这个整体不可分割的组成部分。它是生产力发展的要求，是第二次世界大战后新科技革命推动的结果，是不以人的意志为转移的客观趋势。

2.经济全球化的表现:

90年代以来，经济全球化趋势加速发展，其突出表现在国际贸易、国际投资、国际货币和跨国公司等领域的发展上。20世纪90年appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope

edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

代以来，经济全球化趋势加速发展，这是当今世界经济的一个重要趋势。

3.经济全球化的影响。

(a)经济全球化趋势正在给全球经济、政治和社会生活等诸多方面带来深刻影响，既有机遇，也有挑战。

(b)经济全球化使各国的经济联系更加紧密，也为各国的发展提供了机遇。它

有利于促成各国之间生产要素的合理流动，形成优势互补，推动经济的发展。

(c)弊端:在经济全球化的进程中，各国的地位和处境是很不相同的。在发达国

家尽享全球化“红利”的同时，广大发展中国家却仍饱受贫穷落后之苦。(1)南北

差距拉大;(2)当前发展中国家的经济安全和经济主权正面临着空前的压力和挑

战;(3)给一些国家的社会稳定、地区乃至世界的和平带来威胁。

(d)对反全球化现象的评价:从一个侧面暴露了经济全球化的影响;不符合世界

经济发展的趋势和潮流。

4(如何在经济全球化过程中趋利避害、促进人类的共同发展，关键在于建立公

正合理的国际经济新秩序。

我们需要世界各国“共赢”的经济全球化，所有国家，无论南方还是北方，不

管是大国还是小国，都应是全球化的受益者;我们需要世界各国平等的经济全球

化，少数国家的富裕不应该也不能够建立在广大南方国家的贫困之上;我们需要世

界各国公平的经济全球化，世appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal

stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut

should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

界的贫富差距应逐步缩小，而不是不断扩大，否则人类将会为此付出沉重的代价;我们需要世界各国共存的经济全球化，只有相互尊重，相互促进，保持经济发展模式、文化和价值观念的多样性，世界文明才能生机盎然地发展。

对于发展中国家来说，面对经济全球化，一方面，各国必须适应这一趋势，积极参与国际经济，积极稳妥地开放国内市场，加强国际经济合作与协调，进一步调整和制定国际经济运行规则，缓解国际经济矛盾;另一方面，各国主要是发展中国家对经济全球化带来的巨大经济风险和安全问题要有足够认识，采取有效政策与措施，趋利避害，确保经济安全。

2.以科技为先导，以经济为中心的综合国力竞争不断加剧

综合国力是指一个主权国家拥有的全部实力，包括物质力、精神力以及国际影响力。过去，大国之间的综合国力的较量，军事力量起着最重要的作用。冷战结束后，几乎所有国家都意识到:一个国家的强盛衰弱，最终起作用的是综合国力，核心是科技与经济发展水平，而不是单纯军事力量，因为经济和科技始终是国家强盛、安全、发达的基础。具体表现在:?各国把经济安全确定为对外战略的重点。

积极调整经济政策和经济结构

appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld

length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong

side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade.

7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

各国竞相调整科技战略和政策。

争夺科技人才成为高科技竞争的焦点。各主要国家都在调整国家战略，把争

夺经济和科技优势作为主要目标。

3.科技革命的影响加深，经济信息化加速发展

科学技术进步是世界经济发展的主要动力。战后出现的第三次科技革命到70

年代又掀起了新的高潮，信息技术和信息产业在这次科技革命中充当“火车头”的作用。科技知识空前快速地生产、传播和转化，对世界经济、各国经济增长方式以及国际经济竞争等都产生了深刻的巨大影响。一方面科学技术对传统产业的高度渗透和改造，另一方面以知识为基础的新兴产业兴起，各国经济信息化加速发展，对世界经济和整个人类社会的影响将会逐步表现出来。

4(各国经济朝着市场化的方向发展

20世纪80年代末、90年代初，中国等社会主义国家把市场经济体制确立为经济体制改革的目标。随后，一场大规模的市场化浪潮席卷全球。作为一种资源配置方式，市场经济在当前世界经济秩序中取得了全面的支配地位，使世界经济获得了通行的规则和共同语言，对世界经济产生了深刻的影响。

5.人口、粮食、能源、水资源、生态环境等一些全球性经济仍然十分突出。

6.世界经济发展不平衡

appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm

(wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade.

7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

世界经济发展不平衡是世界经济发展的普遍规律。这种不平衡既是指经济发展

速度上的差距，又指发展水平、经济实力的差距。世界经济发展的不平衡的表现是多方面的:

(1)发达国家之间的不平衡。美、日、欧三足鼎立，美国经济实力仍居首位。

(2)发达国家与发展中国家之间的不平衡。南北差距愈来愈大。

(3)发展中国家之间的发展不平衡，致使南北经济关系更加错综复杂。

7世界各国不断调整经济结构

面对经济全球化趋势和新科技革命的加速发展，为了在当前和未来的国际竞争中占据有利位置，世界各国尤其是经济大国，都在调整经济结构，促进产业优化升级，强强合并、跨国兼并方兴未艾。这是当前世界经济发展的一个突出特点。

8跨国公司的作用日益突出

(1)地位和作用:跨国公司是指在两个或两个以上国家同时进行经营活动的公司，它包括母公司及其在国外设立的分公司，是世界经济中集投资、贸易、金融、服务等功能于一身的特殊主体。第二次世界大战后，由于新科技革命的推动，跨国公司迎来了黄金时代。90年代以来，发展更加迅速，作用日益突出。全球经济化

的主要载体，主要承担者。成为当今世界经济活动的重要组织和管理方式，在世界经济当中，发挥着举足轻重的作用。

appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is

clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade.

7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening

(2)影响:

积极影响:它推动了国际分工的深化，促进了产业结构的调整，客观上发挥了

合理的资源配置者的功能，有利于各国经济和世界经济的发展。具体地说，主要影响有:

加速生产资本国际化，使国际分工更加深化，促进了生产力水平的提高。

加速了国际资金流动，加剧了国际金融市场的不稳定。 ? 促进和控制了国

际贸易的发展。

促进了科学技术进步，加快了国际技术交流。

加快了经济行为国际化步伐，推动世界经济发展。

消极影响:从实质上看，跨国公司是高度国际化的垄断资本组织，经营目标是

最大限度地追逐国际高额垄断利润。它也有一定的消极作用。在现存的国际经济秩序下，它强化了发达国家的资本优势和技术优势，加深了南北矛盾。一些跨国公司甚至凭借强大的实力，操纵弱小国家的经济命脉，插手它国内政。发展中国家必须善于实行正确的政策，利用它的积极作用，缩小或限制它的消极作用，使其为发展本国经济服务。

appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong

side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width <1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the

cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of neat, is reliable, the appearance is clean and not damaged. 7.5.8 cables neat and clean, solid binding, binding process in appearance. 7.5.9 the first cable production firm, crafts beautiful, clear signage does not fade. 7.5.10 fireproof plugging tight, no cracks and pores. 7.6 7.6.1 of the standard electrical wiring quality technology cable a, the multi-core wire bunch arrangement should be parallel to each other, horizontal wire harness or wire should be perpendicular to the longitudinal multi-core wire bunch. The distance between the wire harness and wire harness symmetry, and as close as possible. B-core wiring harness into round, multi-core wire bunch used g wire binding, fastening