英语句子成分教案

英语句子成分教案
英语句子成分教案

统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案

讲义编号: J H R 教务主任审核签字

学员编号:年级:课时数:

学生姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:姜红日

课题:英语句子成分

授课日期及时段:

教学目的让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句

子结构

知识点 1.句子成分的划分

2.句子的主要成分

3.句子的次要成分

4.作各个成分相应的词性

重点 1.句子的主要成分

2.谓语

3.状语

4.定语分为前置定语和后置定语

难点 1.句子的主要成分

2.状语的识别

3.定语的识别

4.宾语补足语

考点 1.划分句子结构

2.识别句子的主要成分

3.能够准确的翻译句子

技能提升通过本课的学习,使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分,并能够清楚的理解句子结构

教学效果自评及课后反思

教学进程和教学内容

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.

例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

The students all love their English teacher.

We often speak English in class.(代词)

They go to school by bus.

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

To see is to believe.

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

It’s no use regretting it.

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。

一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。

有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.

1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其

后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)、及物动词作谓语

W e should help each other.

They respect one another.

All of the students like the novel.

Did you see many people there?

(2)、不及物动词作谓语

He left here yesterday.

Y ou’re driving too fast.

The teacher came in, book in hand.

He went abroad in the September of 1988.

(3)连系动词表状态

He is an excellent teacher.

Her son is a friend of ours.

Ours is a great country.

The box itself is not so heavy.

2、谓语的构成如下:

(1)、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

(2)、复合谓语:(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (b)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

They are brother and sister.

John is captain of the team.

Is it yours?(代词)

What I want to say is this.

The poor boy was myself.

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

Her father is sixty-five.

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

My favourite sport is swimming.

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如:Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。

一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

You must keep it clean.

T om found the climb quite easy.

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

I have a lot of work to do.

She has plenty of clothes to wear.

He made me repeat the story

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

I have the car waiting.

Why don’t you have your hair cut?(-ed分词)

We had the machine repaired.

I had my watch stolen yesterday

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose等;后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, get, think, make等;

动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等,使役动词如let, have, make等,动词不定式不带to。)

(七)定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词,形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动

词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。

一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

Mr. Green has two sons. (数词)

The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. (副词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

A man going to die is always kind-hearted.

The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

Can you find out the answer to the question.

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

Would you like something to drink?

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

A barking dog seldom bites.

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

The girl under the tree is Kate.

Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?(从句)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。

例如:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

Hearing the news, they felt very excited.

Go along this street until you reach the end.

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

Pandas only live in China.

You should put the book where it was.

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)I’m glad to meet you.

Being ill, he didn’t go to school.

I have quite a lot of work to do. (程度状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.

Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

We usually go to school on foot.

Please do it as I told you.

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.

He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.

She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

He left early, so that he caught the train.

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.

No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack.

课堂金思维训练题

指出下列句中主语的中心词

①the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②there is an old man coming here.

③the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

①i don't like the picture on the wall.

a. don't

b. like

c. picture

d. wall

②the days get longer and longer when summer comes.

a. get

b. longer

c. days

d. summer

③do you usually go to school by bus?

a. do

b. usually

c. go

d. bus

④there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

a. will be

b. meeting

c. the library

d. afternoon

⑤did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

a. did

b. twins

c. have

d. Breakfast

挑出下列句中的宾语.

a b c d

②people all over the world speak english.

a b c d

③you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

a b c d

④how many new words did you learn last class?

a b c d

⑤some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

课后学生感悟

课后强化训练题

挑出下列句中的表语

1、the leaves have turned yellow.

a b c d

2、soon they all became interested in the subject.

挑出下列句中的定语

①they use mr. mrs. with the family name.

a b c d

②what is your given name?

a b c d

③on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.

a b c d

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5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

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英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

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Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

(完整)初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse、(名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day、(代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health、(动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided、(主语从句作主语) (二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers、(系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard、(行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book、(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English、(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill、(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him、(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball、(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story、(2)The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、 宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. (动词短语) 2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成; 例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

高中英语句子成分分析大全

因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态, 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如:I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。 如:This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语,修饰sun. 又如:His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。 如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

初中英语句子成分及练习

句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语:sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写,结尾要有句号“.”,问号“?”或感叹号“!”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种:主语 (S ubject)、谓语(P redicate)、表语(P redicative)、宾语(Object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。

(完整版)高考英语句子成分分析

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。

初中英语-宾语从句教案设计(含答案)

初三宾语从句教案

②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. ④做主语:whether he will come is not decided. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它 们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. He asked who could answer the question. Do you know whom they are waiting for. Please tell me when we will have a meeting Could you tell me how i can get to the bus station Would you tell me why the train is late 【注意】由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know h ow I should do with the presents. I don’t know how to do with the presents. 练习:Can you tell me how i can get to the station? (二)语序 宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”(正常的主谓语序) eg:Please tell me where i can buy the beautiful flowers. Do you know what the population of China is? 注意事项: 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变,例如:What’s wrong(with you)? What’s the matter? What’s happening? eg:I don’t know what’s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? 练习:翻译句子完成下列宾语从句: 1. Please tell me _______________________. (我们什么时候开会) 2. Can you tell me _______________. (他在哪儿) 3. Could you tell me ______________________. (我该怎么去车站) 4. Would you tell me _________________(为什么火车迟到了) 5. I want to know _____________________. (他是否跟我们一起去公园) 6. Ask him _____________________. (他是否能来) 7. I don't know ___________________________.(是否要下雨 答案:1.Please tell me when we are going to have a meeting. (我们什么时候开 会) 2. Can you tell me where he is?(他在哪儿) 3. Could you tell me the way to the station? (我该怎么去车 站) 4. Would you tell me why the train is late?(为什么火车迟到了)

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如: He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

高中英语句子成分最详细归纳

高中英语句子成分最详细归纳 什么叫句子成分呢? 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 01 SV (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般 在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:Wecome. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完 整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S│V(不及物动词) 1.Thesun│wasshining.太阳在照耀着。 2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。 3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙长存。 4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5.Who│cares?管它呢? 6.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。 7.They│talkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。 8.Thepen│writessmoothly这支笔书写流利。 02 SVP

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