《原创》大一下学期期末考试英语知识点整理
翻译：（1——4单元）
1. Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
她砰的关上门，一声不吭的走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
2.The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.
出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到意外
3. Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.
约翰尼已经长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里。
4. While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.
当全部乘客都向出口处走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。5.The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.
这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
6.While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.
南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆的不敢开口。
7.What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?
你觉得什么时候最有肯能在家里找到他？
8.The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soo n as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and make for the trap he had laid.
猎人一看有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下的陷阱方向跑去，脸上顿时显出了兴奋的表情。
1)It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.
会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
2)By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.
这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需要的第一手资料3)It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.
他很有可能因为视力不好而被拒收入伍。
4)The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.
委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这个问题上持有不同意见。
5) Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.
亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
6)The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.
我们产品质量的稳步提升在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
7)Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.
吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令8)Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢。还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫的选择后者。
1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.
他在当地一家银行找到一份当出纳员的工作，但不久便因不称职而被解雇了。
2. It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the bookstore.
很显然是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.
这项建议在会上一宣布，他就站起来提出异议。
4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.
比尔已向哈弗大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的肯能性很小。
5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.
由于缺乏资金，他们正在设法吸引外资。
6.The room smells of stale air. It must have been vacant for a long time. 这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没有住人了。
7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.
就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。
8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of
a country.
不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来式至关重要的。
1)The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.
那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。
2)I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.
他致力于研究工作的精神给我留下了深刻的印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论却丝毫不感兴趣。
3)Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.
千万别说可能会误解的话。
4)I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.
我被他们相互矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
5)At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.
起初、这个复杂的问题是他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细考虑后他们终于研究出了解决办法。
6)The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.
体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花是愉快地笑了。
7)I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.
这学期我们都学习的不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。
8)I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.
我相信比较高级的动物是由比较低级的动物进化而来的这一学说。
阅读理解
一、1、author C it 2、room B uncarpeted 3、said A decorated 4、more A difference 5、he C happening 6、was A anthoritative 7、because C cobra 8、that C control
二、1、who C jefferson 2、because B knowledge 3、because B people
4、that A informed
5、because C inevitable
6、happed A future
三、1、because C useful 2、that B it 3、interview A spirits 4、disapprovingly A soldier 5、because C carpet 6、that B education 7、because D above 8、because C time 9、protested A headmaster 10、that B it
四、1、because C Negroes 2、because D manners 3、that A hurry 4、means A world 5、decided A feeling 6、man B him 7、seemed D matter 8、was C felt 9、know B boy 10、Dick D above
五、1、when B with 2、professor C world 3、that A scientis 4、latter
D purpose 5、because C theory 6、if A apart 7、because B man 8、that D ordinary。
选词填空
一、1、the：host 2、protest ：ring out 3、on：impulse 4、i：came to 5、to：track down 6、a：unexpected 7、will：outgrow 8、eyes：widened 9、hours：shortly 10、problems：emerge 11、watered：at the sight of
12、warships：made of 13、economic：crisis 14、against：colonial
二、1、humble：origin 2、are：threatening 3、longer：in existence 4、never：hesitates 5、nation：owes to 6、Acting on :the 7、in：leaving to 8、hostess：went out of her way 9、who：has been appointed 10、any：judgments 11、to：influence 12、a：humble
三、1)the：salary2)the：prospect3)wheel：in turn4)breath：smelled of5)birth：depressed6)northern：suburb7)be：stale8)farmers：protested9)the：incompetent10)an：interview11)is：Having little in common12) with：disapproval13) may：advertise14) degree：plus
四、
1)attedding：a series of2)modern：approaches3)daughter：are pursuing4)of：ambition5)wide：fame6)to：come to terms with7)to：work out8)again：singled out9)forming：personality10)once：taken
apart11)quite：at ease12)to：observe13)a：modest14)the：application15)with：curiosity16)effctove：solutions
听力：
1、A simpson
2、B strangers
3、A bank
1、A back
2、D bates
3、C efficient
1、C dictionary
2、C afternoon
3、D politeness 1、C office 2、B office 3、Clive
1、D friends
2、C hair
3、D son
大一英语期末考试试题精选
大一英语期末考试试题精选 又到一个学期的期末了，大家复习好大学英语了吗?为大家精心挑选了一份大学英语第一学期期末试卷，供大家复习使用，希望能够帮助到大家! 大学一年级英语试卷 Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, w ho review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”
期末考试总结大全
期末考试总结大全 期末考试结束了，同学们有没考好？没考好原因是什么？下面是小雅整理的期末考试总结大全，欢迎阅读参考！ 期末考试总结一 期末考试成绩公布了。我的成绩是：语文96、数学79分。语文成绩列全班第20名，数学成绩列第一名——倒数第一名。闭幕式后我把成绩册丢在班级不敢带回家给爸爸妈妈看。 回到家，我赶忙躲到自己的房间里关起门来，眼泪也不由自主的从眼角溜了出来…… 爸爸下班回到家里，知道了我的期末考试情况，没有想到他没有责备我，他说： 要为成功总结经验，不要为失败找借口。语文能考96分是因为我将要求背诵的课文、抄写的生字都掌握了，而且还在爸爸的辅导下做了三份期末模拟试卷。而数学考试考成这个样子的原因就恰好相反：老师布置的作业没有完成，考试的时候粗心大意…… 知道这些使我落后的原因了，我一定会针对它们加以改正，争取当上“三好学生”。 期末考试总结二 光阴似箭、日月如梭。四年级学习生活不知不觉结束了，在这个学期里，老师为我们的学习付出了许多心血，我们也为自己
的学习洒下了辛勤的汗水。这次期末考试，我的每门功课都达到老师和家长满意的成绩：数学100分、英语100分、语文98分，总结这个学期的学习，我想主要有以下几个方面： 第一，学习态度比较端正。能够做到上课认真听讲，不与同学交头接耳，不做小动作，自觉遵守课堂纪律;对老师布置的课堂作业，能够当堂完成;对不懂的问题，主动和同学商量，或者向老师请教。 第二，改进了学习方法。为了改进学习方法，我给自己订了一个学习计划：（1）做好课前预习。也就是要挤出时间，把老师还没有讲过的内容先看一遍。尤其是语文课，要先把生字认会，把课文读熟;对课文要能分清层次，说出段意，正确理解课文内容。要求背诵的课文提前背过。坚持写日记，记录生活笔记。（2）上课要积极发言。对于没有听懂的问题，要敢于举手提问。积极发言，大胆思考。（3）每天的家庭作业认真检查，再让家长检查一遍，把做错了的和不会做的，让家长讲一讲，记在错题集上，考前几天再把以前做错了的题目，经常拿出来看一看，复习复习。（4）要多读一些课外书，了解课外知识，每天中午吃完饭，看半个小时课外书;每天晚上做完作业，只要有时间，多看几篇作文。 第三，课外特长不放松。能够利用星期天和节假日，到课外辅导班学习绘画，在学校的想象画评比中，我荣获“艺术之星”的称号。
大一英语上学期期末考试试卷
2010级大学英语第一学期期末考试(A卷) Jan., 2011 Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.” In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite（流星） from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time. After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock. Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted? No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings
环境法期末考试整理
2、环境的定义 ?一般意义上的环境：是相对于某一个中心事物而言的，即围绕某个中心事 物的外部空间、条件和状况，便构成某一中心事物的环境。 ?环境科学上的环境：也叫人类环境，是以人类为中心、为主体的外部世界， 即人类赖以生存和发展的天然的和人工改造过的各种自然因素的综合体。 ?生态学中的环境：是以整个生物界为中心、为主体，围绕生物界并构成生 物生存必要条件的外部空间和无生命物质，如大气、水、土壤、阳光及其他无生命物质等，是生物的生存环境，也称“生境”。 ?生态学中的环境：是以整个生物界为中心、为主体，围绕生物界并构成生 物生存必要条件的外部空间和无生命物质，如大气、水、土壤、阳光及其他无生命物质等，是生物的生存环境，也称“生境”。 ?本法所称的环境：是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改 造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。 3、环境的功能 ?生命支持功能（提供物质资源） ?废物消纳功能 ?生态审美功能 4、环境与自然资源的比较 ?定义：在一定的经济技术条件下，自然界中对人类有用的一切物质和能
量都称为自然资源。 ?比较： ?自然资源与环境是密不可分的，他们属于环境要素中可被人类利用的自然 物质和能量。 ?二者的相近：如果把自然资源作为环境因子，自然资源则纳入环境的外延； 也可以把环境作为自然资源系统的一个层次进行研究，把环境纳入资源的范畴。 ?二者的区别：自然资源的认识侧重点是其经济效用、经济价值，而环境则 侧重于系统平衡的生态性概念作为人类共同保护的客体，其根本目标是维护人类环境系统的平衡、保持生态环境系统的稳定，关注社会效益、生态效益。自然资源大多可以商品性物化，可以界定产权。而环境则具有综合性和整体性，很难通过界定产权来保护。 ?二者的融合：环境资源化（即赋予环境以价值）；资源生态化（作为整体 系统的资源生态功能） 5、环境问题的定义 ?环境问题是指由于自然界或者人类活动使环境质量下降或者生态失调，对 人类的社会经济发展、身体健康以至生命安全及其它生物产生有害影响的现象。 6、环境法的科学基础-环境科学 ?环境科学是研究人类与环境关系的科学。它探索环境演化的规律，研究环 境变化对人类生存的影响，研究人类生存发展与环境保护如何协调统一，研究人类生存发展在不同范围内对环境的整体性影响，研究环境污染综合防治的技术措施和
大一第二学期英语期末试卷
each
C) He will go when he feels better. D) He won’t go as he hasn’t finished his work. 4. A) Check the timetable.B) Go to the railway station earlier. C) Travel on a later train.D) Cancel the trip earlier. 5. A) In New York.B) In Boston. C) In Newport.D) In Washington. 6. A) A clerk at the airport information desk. B) A clerk at the railway station information desk. C) A policeman. D) A taxi-driver. 7. A) A guest and a receptionist. B) A passenger and an air hostess. C) A customer and a shop assistant. D) A guest and a waitress. 8. A) He’s better.B) He’s feeling worse. C) He’s sick in bed.D) He has recovered. 9. A) The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut. B) The woman followed the man’s advice. C) The woman is wearing long hair now. D) The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut or not.
大一英语期末考试试题内含答案
大一英语期末考试试题内含答案 大学英语预备阶段练习(一) (Unit 1~4) ? Word Building Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the brackets. 1. Thank you very much for your ____ advice. I followed it and succeeded at last. (value) 2. His business has ____ rapidly since his brother came to help. (development) 3. After a two-day discussion, we finally found a ____ to the difficult problem. (solve) 4. Prices ____ high for quite a while .People began to complain about it. (remaining) 5. I don’t think it ____ to finish all t he work today. We can go on with it tomorrow.(necessity) 6. It is obviously not ____ to leave a 3-year-old boy alone at home. (properly) 7. The tourists saw a beautiful ____ when they climbed onto the top of the mountain.(scene) 8. Traveling in the desert is a challenging ____ to most people. ( inexperience) 9. ____, I don’t think it possible to finish the task in two days. (person) 10. The government must make sure that the economy is developed in the right ____.(direct) ? Vocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose the best one from the four choices to complete the sentence. 11. The temperature ____ throughout the day in that part of the country. A. very B. remains C. differs D. varies
大一英语期末期末考试试题内含答案[1]
大学英语预备阶段练习（一） （Unit 1~4） ⅠWord Building Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in the brackets. 1.Thank you very much for your ____ advice. I followed it and succeeded at last. (value) 2.His business has ____ rapidly since his brother came to help. (development) 3.After a two-day discussion, we finally found a ____ to the difficult problem. (solve) 4.Prices ____ high for quite a while .People began to complain about it. (remaining) 5.I don’t think it ____ to finish all the work today. We can go on with it tomorrow.(necessity) 6.It is obviously not ____ to leave a 3-year-old boy alone at home. (properly) 7.The tourists saw a beautiful ____ when they climbed onto the top of the mountain.(scene) 8.Traveling in the desert is a challenging ____ to most people. ( inexperience) 9.____, I don’t think it possible to finish the task in two days. (person) 10.The government must make sure that the economy is developed in the right ____.(direct) ⅡVocabulary and Structure Directions: Choose the best one from the four choices to complete the sentence. 11.The temperature ____ throughout the day in that part of the country. A. very B. remains C. differs D. varies 12.The game is full of violence and will certainly have a bad ____ on young players. A. meaning B. pain C. loss D. influence 13.The warm-hearted elderly lady downstairs is always ____ to help others. A. real B. ready C. practical D. polite 14.The question is ____ difficult in the exam today. Don’t you think so? A. therefore B. since C. rather D. otherwise 15.She used to live in a lovely ____ building near the sea. A. 3-story B. 3-stories C. 3-classed D. 3-classes 16.There are different ____ of transport in big cities for you to choose when you go out. A. means B. mean C. meanings D. meaning 17.They did not take a rest until the job was ____ finished. A. straightly B. specially C. completely D. fairly 18.The bookstore owner ____ the old magazines with a new ones to attract more readers. A. required B. reviewed C. repeated D. replaced 19.Would you like to buy the book? It is ____ reading. A. worthy B. firm C. further D. worth 20.She wears sunglasses to ____ her eyes from the sunshine in summer. A. prepare B. produce C. protect D. provide 21.We all like her very much for her pleasant ____: kind, gentle and warm-hearted. A. character B. chance C. chairman D. skills 22.All the students enjoyed the wonderful ____ by the professor that afternoon. A. discussion B. lecture C. advice D. solution 23.If you have confidence in yourself first, you will not be _______ by others easily. A.won B. doubled C. defeated. D. delayed 24.The little girl developed a strong _______ on her new friends.
期末考试总结
期末考试总结 光影似箭，岁月如梭。期末考试离我们越来越近了。想从期末考试中获得鲜花和掌声吗?想，那么，就请把握现在，决战期末。 “十年砺剑百日策马闯雄关，一朝试锋六月扬眉传佳音”，我坚信即使前方道路充满阴霾和坎坷，我们都必须勇敢面对!拿出破釜沉舟的勇气，坚持下去，成功必将属于我们自己!让我们肯定自己，超越自己，创造自己，让我们心中伴着信念，矢志不渝，带着希望而迈向辉煌! 下面我就在未来半个月中，我们应该怎样调整好自己状态提以下几点建议： 第一，争分夺秒，提高效率。期末考试是对一学期来所学内容的全面考查，它所复盖的知识点多，能力要求也更高更全。这就需要我们花更多的时间来复习和记忆，我希望我们学生要珍惜这半个月的时间，坚持不懈。一方面要保质保量完成老师布置的复习题。另一方面还可以根据自己的情况作出合理安排。我们可以把所有的作业和测试卷拿出来整理，找出原来的错误，并分析错误的原因，再做一些同类的题目进行巩固。成绩优异的同学可以归纳方法，一题多解。学有困难的学生多注重基础知识，可以完
成书本的练习题，举一反三。还要多向家长和老师寻求帮助，只有这样复习的效率就提高了。 第二，面对困难、不要泄气。在学习的过程中，难免会碰到一些难以解决的困难，但有时只要你换个角度去思考问题，也许就会豁然开朗。问题也将迎刃而解。 第三，平和心态，决胜千里外。同学们，临近考试，请你放下背上的包袱，用平和积极的心态，坦然的迎接考试，迎接梦想的飞翔。你可以思慕古人那种“不以物喜，不以己悲”的旷达胸襟，向往诗圣李白恃才傲物的豪迈情怀，艳羡毛泽东的“问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮”的高瞻远瞩。运筹帷幄，决胜千里之外，啸傲考场，人生处处精彩。 同学扪，考试的号角已经吹响，胜利的旋律在寰宇回荡，长风破浪正此时，直挂云帆济沧海，行动起来吧，我们一定会谱写自己的辉煌。相信自己吧，人间自有公道，付出就有回报，我们的成绩一定会步步高。 (本范文仅供参考，希望能够有所帮助！) 附：
大一期末考试英语试题
01 Passage 1 Hypnotism (催眠术) is very old. Thousands of years ago people started to use it in Egypt. The use of hypnotism has grown very much since that time. Today, doctors and scientists are in almost every country hypnotize people to help them with their problems. What is hypnotism, and how does it work? Many people think that a hypnotist puts people to sleep. Then he makes the hypnotized people do strange things. This is not what a hypnotist does. Hypnotism is really just a way to relax the mind and body. What are some of the uses of hypnotism? We go to a hypnotist because w e have a problem. The problem makes us unhappy. The hypnotist asks us to think hard about something and relax. When we are relaxed, t he hypnotist gives us some ideas to help us with our problems. Hypnotism can help people to remember things. The police sometimes ask hypnotists to help them. For example, a man sees an accident. He forgets the license number of the car he sees. If he is hypnotized he may remember it. The police can then find the car and catch the driver. People who are hypnotized can also make mistakes or say something that isn't true. People remember what they think they saw. That may not be what really happened. The police don't hypnotize people who do something wrong. Why not? People who are hypnotized may say something that isn't true. A person who has done something bad has a good reason to say something that isn't true. 1. Hypnotist helps people by ____. [A] putting them to sleep [B] helping them to get relaxed [C] offering his ideas about their problems [D] making them forget their problems 2. When hypnotized, some people may say something that is not true, because ____. [A] they do not remember what has happened [B] they remember what they think has happened [C] they do not know what has happened [D] they are not interested in what has happened 3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?____ [A] Hypnotism is very different form what it used to be. [B] When a person is hypnotized, his body gets relaxed, while his mind works hard. [C] Hypnotism is much more widely used today than it was thousands of years ago. [D] When hypnotized, a person will do something strange. 4. The passage mainly talks about ____. [A] how hypnotism works [B] the development of hypnotism [C] the use of hypnotism [D] the wonder of hypnotism
商务智能期末考试整理
第一讲商务智能概述（综合论述题） 1学习本课程的原因： 现代管理需要基于计算机的方法 让决策更有有效性 企业需要有智能 A:在分析型商务智能软件的帮助下，用户可以建立统一的企业数据仓库平台，并收集，访问，分析每个商业领域的数据，同时，数据库技术的进步，服务器性能的提升以及分析软件算法的优化，是的访问大型数据库处理海量信息变得更加容易便捷。 B:商务智能可以提供个性化服务，以满足不同用户的需求，智能搜索可以给决策者以很好的数据分析。 2与本专业的关联性: 信息技术迅速发展的今天，电子商务已在国民经济中显现出极其重要的作用。伴随着服务形态在全球扩张，市场需求多样化，社会网络的广泛建立等社会经济巨大变革；数据量正以每年翻倍的速度扩增，然而数据源分散，异构数据库难以整合，数据接口复杂等问题严重，导致大量数据中真正能被利用来分析和运用的数据不足10%。如何将数据有效转化为决策者所需要的信息，提升电子商务整体应用水平，已经成为政府，企业界和软件开发界关注的一个研究方向。（BI发展趋势：绩效管理，产品模块的集成，结构化和非结构化数据，数据质量，预测分析，客户定制化。）根据商务智能的主要技术，以及电子商务的移动，虚拟性，个性化，社会性等新型特征，把商务智能同电子商务基础性规律结合起来，完善商务节点的数据挖掘，抽取，转化集成和应用。提升电子商务中的智能搜索，精度营销，比较购物，供应链、配送优化等现实需求。描述商务智能融合技术在电子商务中的应用展望。 3商务智能在电子商务中的典型应用 （1）数据挖掘的应用：挖掘主要是挖掘出有潜力价值数据的信息拘束，主要应用在情报分析，数据库营销，识别用户消费行为，客户流失分析，划分客户群体等 相关应用。（沃尔玛超市尿布与啤酒的销售） （2）智能搜索的应用：人们运用关键词进行搜索返还的结果信息之间缺乏有效的关联，不仅增加了用户筛选结果信息的时间，而且也为用户查找有效信息增加了
大一英语期末考试试卷
Testing Paper Unit 1, 4, 5 Sky：陈人智、吴斌、马琴、苏红光 Group________ Name__________ Score_________ I. Listening (30%) I).Listen to the dialog between Gary and Paul and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear on the recording. (2×5=10) (Unit 1 Part II Listening I) （）1.A.Eating and drinking. B. Dancing to the music. C. Standing around at the party. D. Talking with his girlfriend. （）2.A.Women who stay home doing housework. B. Women who stimulate his intellect. C. Women who pursue their own careers. D. Women who enjoy reading novels. （）3.A. Cleaning and cooking. B. Fixing things around the house. C. Washing the car and collecting the trash. D. Watching television and taking out the garbage. （）4.A.They are the same as his. B. They are quite progressive for the times. C. They reflect the views of earlier generations. D. They were shaped by their own family life. （）5.A. Visit his friend, Bob. B. Remain at the party to try to make new friends. C. Meet a woman who shares his interest in literature. D. Return home alone and spend the night with his dog. II).Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write "T" for True and "F" for False in the spaces provided. (2×5=10) (Unit 4 Part III Practice One) ______6.Women and men play different roles in society because their physical structures are very different. ______7.Girl babies were found to differ a lot from boy babies in birth length, weight and irritability. ______8.Our parents, school, television and the Internet show us how we should behave. ______9.Male cartoon characters are usually more prominent than female characters. ______10.Nowadays, women are no longer expected to play their traditional roles. III).Listen to the interview and complete the following sentences with the exact words you hear(1×10=10) (Unit 1 Part Four Section III) 11. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to _______it 12. A baby boy will pick up a stick and _______it_______ a gun 13. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to _______their hair_______ 14. Boys couldn't_______ _______ if their hair is untidy 15. Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too _______ to _______ them. 16. At an early age, boys are attracted to _______ II Words and Expressions (40%) 1.assign __________________ 2.culturally__________________ 3.genetic _________________ 4.sex-biased__________________ 5.neatness ________________ 6.nursery_____________________ 7. carry over_______________ 8.fall behind __________________
图论期末考试整理复习资料
目录 第一章图的基本概念 (2) 二路和连通性 (4) 第二章树 (4) 第三章图的连通度 (6) 第四章欧拉图与哈密尔顿图 (8) 一，欧拉图 (8) 二．哈密尔顿图 (10) 第五章匹配与因子分解 (14) 一．匹配 (14) 二．偶图的覆盖于匹配 (15) 三．因子分解 (16) 第六章平面图 (20) 二．对偶图 (24) 三．平面图的判定 (25) 四．平面性算法 (28) 第七章图的着色 (34) 一．边着色 (34) 二．顶点着色 (35)
第九章 有向图 (40) 二 有向树 (41) 第一章 图的基本概念 1. 点集与边集均为有限集合的图称为有限图。 2. 只有一个顶点而无边的图称为平凡图。 3. 边集为空的图称为空图。 4. 既没有环也没有重边的图称为简单图。 5. 其他所有的图都称为复合图。 6. 具有二分类（X, Y ）的偶图（或二部图）：是指该图的点集可以分解为两个（非空）子 集 X 和 Y ，使得每条边的一个端点在 X 中，另一个端点在Y 中。 7. 完全偶图：是指具有二分类（X, Y ）的简单偶图，其中 X 的每个顶点与 Y 的每个顶点 相连，若 |X|=m ，|Y|=n ，则这样的偶图记为 Km,n 8. 定理1 若n 阶图G 是自补的（即 ），则 n = 0, 1（mod 4） 9. 图G 的顶点的最小度。 10. 图G 的顶点的最大度。 11. k-正则图: 每个点的度均为 k 的简单图。 例如,完全图和完全偶图Kn,n 均是正则图。 12. 推论1 任意图中，奇点的个数为偶数。 ()G δ()G ?
13. 14.频序列：定理4 一个简单图G的n个点的度数不能互不相同。 15.定理5 一个n阶图G相和它的补图有相同的频序列。 16. 17. 18.对称差：G1△G2 = (G1∪G2) - (G1∩G2) = (G1-G2)∪(G2-G1) 19.定义：联图在不相交的G1和G2的并图G1+G2中，把G1的每个顶点和G2的每个 顶点连接起来所得到的图称为G1和G2的联图，记为G1∨G2 20.积图：积图设G1= (V1, E1)，G2 = (V2, E2)，对点集V = V1×V2中的任意两个点u = (u1,u2)和v = (v1,v2)，当(u1 = v1和u2 adj v2) 或(u2 = v2 和u1 adj v1) 时就把u 和v 连接起来所得到的图G称为G1和G2积图。记为G = G1×G2 设G1= (V1, E1)，G2 = (V2, E2)，对点集V = V1×V2中的任意两个点u = (u1,u2)和v = (v1,v2)，当(u1 adj v1) 或(u1= v1 和u2 adj v2) 时就把u 和v 连接起来所得到的图G称为G1和G2的合成图。记为G=G1[G2]。