中考英语语法宾语从句的用法拓展总结
宾语从句的用法
一、学习目标
1.掌握宾语从句的分类及用法.
2.学完本节课能解决下边这类试题:
The joy of living comes from we put into living.
A. what
B. that
C. where
D. how
二、思考
我们已经知道宾语从句是在句子中充当宾语的从句,那么宾语从句除了跟在动词之后,还能跟在哪些词之后呢?
备注:这个问题跟我们这节课要学的宾语动词的分类有关,带着这个问题进入本节课的学习。
三、知识讲解
宾语从句，即一个从句充当复合句的宾语。宾语从句可跟在动词、介词和形容词之后做其宾语。所以说,宾语从句可以分成三大类,即动词的宾语从句(动宾从句)、介词的宾语从句(介宾从句)和形容词的宾语从句(形宾从句)。
1.动词的宾语从句（考试中出现最多的情况）
[想一想]
作动词的宾语从句的时候,又会有不同的情况,回想一下之前学习的五种基本句型,会有哪些情况呢?
备注：五种基本句型:
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+系动词+表语
这五种基本句型中,只有为谓语动词后面带宾语的情况,才有跟宾语从句的可能性,所以动词后的宾语从句也有三种情况,即:
主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+宾语从句
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语+宾语从句+宾语补足语宾语从句直接跟在动词之后(“主语+谓语+宾语" )
这类从句就是从“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构中来的,在宾语的位置直接换成宾语从句。也就是直接跟在及物动词或动词短语之后,变成“主语+谓语+宾语从句"的结构。
例句:
I hope (that) you can join us in the game.
Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem?
练习:
I doubt whether he will come to the wedding.
我怀疑他是否会来参加婚礼。
1, Your words are so confusing that it's difficult to figure out . A. what you are trying to say B. how you are trying to say
C. what are you trying to say
D. how are you trying to say
答案A
解析:考查宾语从句。句意为:你的用词太令人迷惑以至于很难明白你到底想说什么。宾语从句一般使用陈述语序,且从句中缺少宾语,应使用引导词what ,因此选A项。
宾语从句前有间接宾语(“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾" )
这类宾语从句是从“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语结构中来的,在直接宾语的位置替换成宾语从句,变成主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语从句”的结构。
例句:
She asked me where she could find the biggest park in the city.
练习:
He has told me what I should read.
他已告诉我应该读些什么。
备注：1.例句分析:宾语从句what I should read做told的宾语,跟在间接宾语me之后。
2.名词解释:直接宾语:表示动作的承受者。（一般是物充当）
间接宾语:表示动作对谁或为谁做。（一般是人充当）
例句:He gave me a book.(me是间接宾语; a book是直接宾语)
it做形式宾语
( 1 )像find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等动词后的宾语需要有宾语补足语,也就是"主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,会有如下的变化过程:
“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语” "主语+谓语+宾语从句+宾语补足语"
“主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句"
例句:
I thought it strange that he didn't call me.
我觉得很奇怪:他没给我打电话。
变形过程:I thought that he didn't call me strange.
→I thought it strange that he didn't call me. (it=that he didn’t call me)
练习:
I think it necessary that we do some exercise.
我认为我们有必要做一-些运动。
[注意]如果宾语从句是wh-类引导的,其后有to be短语作宾补,则不可用it代替。比如:
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. (T)
We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said. (F)
备注：
( 1 )把宾语的位置替换成宾语从句, 变成主语+谓语+宾语从句+宾语补足语的结构，但是在实际运用的过程中,为避免句子结构混乱,中间的从句过长,需要用it作形式宾语,代替原来宾语从句的位置,而将宾语从句放在补足语后面。
否定转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, imagine等动词之后的宾语从句中,表示的意思是"我认....不..... “,需要将主句中的谓语动词用否定式,宾语从句中的谓语动词用肯定式，从而形成“主句否定形式,从句否定意义”的用法,这种现象称为否定转移。
[重要]这个现象有两个条件需要注意:
①如上所示,这类动词都是表示“表达观点,信念或推测"等心理活动
②主句的主语必须是第一人称,即I或we。
例句:I don't think you are right.我想你是不对的。
练习:
I don't believe (that) he can work out the problem.
我相信他不会做这道题。
备注：否定形式在主句,而否定的信息焦点却在从句。这是英语的一种习惯思维方法。
2.作介词的宾语
宾语从句也可跟在介词之后,做介词的宾语。
例句:She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.
练习:
My teacher was satisfied with what I did.
老师对我所做的感到满意。
that引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句一般不能当介词的宾语，但偶尔可作except, in, but, besides等少数介词的宾。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
练习:Your article is all right except that it is too long.
你的文章挺好的，只是太长了。
备注：
devote...to... 专心于;致力于
devote oneself to献.身....致力.....
differ是different的动词形式,当与介词from搭配时,表式与.....不同;当与介词in搭配时,表示在哪些方面不同。
其他介词后面需要用that从句做宾语时,需用it做形式宾语。
练习:
You can depend on it that I will always help you. ( depend on )
你可以相信我会一直帮助你的。
whether
介词的宾语从句不能由if引导,而要用whether。
练习:
We worried about whether he was in good health (or not).
我们担心他是否健康。
2, The joy of living comes from____ we put into living.
A. what
B. that
C. where
D. how
备注：[考点]介词的宾语从句;连接代词。
[分析]由语境与句子分析，___ we put into living .是充当介词的宾语,而宾语从句中put后缺少宾语, that引导宾语从句不充当任何成分, where充当地点状语, how在宾语从句中作状语,指方式和状态。故选A。[翻译]生活的乐趣来自于我们对生活的投入。
答案A
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:生活的乐趣在于我们往里面倾注了什么。宾语从句put后缺少宾语,所以使用连接代词,所以选A ; B/C/D都是从属连词。
3.作形容词的宾语
在某些形容词(常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied,surprised )做表语时,可接-一个that导的宾语从句:
例句:I'm afraid (that) | have made a mistake.
练习:I am not sure whether i will pass the exam.
我不确信我是否会通过考试。
备注：不知道同学是否会有疑问,形容词后面的从句,怎么会是宾语从句呢?其实这个定义在语法界也是有争议的。不过,不管这个从句叫什么名词,我们知道这种用法就好了。但是,既然现在放在了宾语从句的行列,可以有以下两个方面帮助大家理解:
( 1 ) be+形容词表示动作,把它当作及物动词来看。
(2 )把"be+形容词"看作be+形容词+介词"短语中的介词去掉了,也就是说本来是介词后的宾语从句，只不过这里把介词去掉了,也并不影响句子的理解。
比如: be afraid of; be sure of; be glad of; be pleased with等
I am afraid that I will be late. = I am afraid of being late.
lam glad that you passed the exam. = I am glad of your passing the exam. 3, I was not sure I had the qualification for the job, but | applied for it anyway.
A. that
B. whether
C. what
D. how
备注：单词: qualification可数名词资格,能力
apply to:适用于;运用;致力于;涂抹
apply (to sb.) for sth (向) ..申请
答案B
解析:考察宾语从句。我不确定我是否能胜任这项工作,但是无论如何我要申请一下。
4.引导词that的省略
一般情况下,宾语从句中的that是可以省略的,但是也有一些情况是不能省略的,比如:
①一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
②That引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时;
③当it作形式宾语,后接that引导的宾语从句时;
......
备注：关于that的省略现象:
除了上面列举的,还有其他情况,与其费力记住这些情况,不如在自己使用的时候，尽量不要省略,这样就不会错。
(以下可以稍作了解:that在从句中不作成分,为什么有时候可以省略,有时候却不能?
可以把that理解成一个从句的标志,分割句子成分的依据。如果在去掉that后,不影响句子原来的意思，是可以省略的,毕竟偷懒是才是人的本性,这也是英语发展的趋势,越来越简化,但前提是不影响意思的
表达。但是有些句子省略that后会引起歧义,或者造成断句困难,所以就不能省略。)
(英语中的省略现象基本都是这么来的,意思表达准确和语言简洁算是对矛盾体,所以能用简练的语言表达准确的意思,才算高级。)
5.虚拟语气（高中知识点，作为了解即可）
在比如建议suggest、advise、propose;要求demand、desire、request ;决定decide;命令order. command. require;坚决主张insist;等动词后接宾语从句的时候,从句中的谓语部分须用( should ) +v (虚拟语气)
例如:
The doctor advised that he (should) eat less sugar.
四、总结
五，练习
4, The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 215t century.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
答案C
解析:考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:众公司正在齐心协力地工作以期创造出一种运输方式，它们希望这将会是21世纪最佳运输方式。what 引导一个宾语从句,作为动词creat的宾语。what表示"所创造的事物"。故选C。
5, Scientists study human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether
答案B
解析:方法一:考查名词性从句。句意为:科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意,故答案选B。
方法二:考察疑问代词。此处how与work搭配, 意为科学家研究人类的大脑是如何工作的，故本题选B。
6, My parents don't care my pocket money goes, but one thing is for sure: the money spent must be worthwhile.
A. Why
B. when
C. where
D. how
答案C
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:我父母不关心我的零花钱花哪了,但是有一点要肯定的是钱一定要花得值当。空格后宾语从句,从句不缺成分,但句意不完整, 结合选项, where最合适,故选C。
7, Sorry I'm so late, but you cannot imagine___ great trouble I took to find your house.
A. which
B. how
C. what
D. that
答案C
解析:句意:对不起,我迟到了，可是你不能想象我费了多大劲才找到你家。imagine后是宾语从句,根据语序可知此处是感叹句做宾语从句,对名词感叹需要用what ,结构为"what +形容词+名词+主语+谓语"。8, John seemed puzzled about the question meant.
A. how
B. why
C. what
D. which
答案C
解析:考察宾语从句, what充当从句中的宾语。
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他已告诉我明天他要____________纽约了。 （2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），爸妈宾语从句要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如： ①In 1991, Hepburn discovered that she had cancer.1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。 ②Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after tea), was invented by accident?你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料(仅次于水)，是__________被发明的吗？ ③When I first ate in a western restaur ant, I didn’t know what I was supposed to do. 我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道_____________________。 ④He told me that he __________ (will) take part in the high jump. ⑤She asked me if I _______________(已经拿了) her soap. （3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如： He told me that the earth ________ (go) around the sun. Didn’t your teacher tell you the moon ________ (be) smaller than the sun? 2、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如： ① Where is Tom from? Do you know? →Do you know where Tom is from? ② Who made you angry? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me who made you angry? ③“What is the matter with Tom?” Mary asked me. →Mary asked me what was the matter with Tom. 【真题链接】 1. (滨州) —Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you. —Thanks. I wonder ________. A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was 2. (丽水) —I’m going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie? —Well, it depends on ________. If money isn’t the problem, you can buy a BMW. A. when you will buy one B. how much you can afford C. what colour you like D. where you are driving 3. (北京) —Can you tell me ________ the prize, Tom?
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1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. （and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。） 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. （that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。） 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。） 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 （2）从属连词if/whether.如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I don’t know if you can help me. （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why. Who or what he was，Martin never learned. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
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2015中考英语语法专题宾语从句(教师版)
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