数控机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

数控机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
数控机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

14. CNC MACHINES

? Computer Numerical Control machines use a computer to guide a process that might otherwise be done manually.

14.1 MACHINE AXES

14.2 NUMERICAL CONTROL (NC)

? The use of numerical data to drive a machine for processes such as,

- milling

- turning

- drilling

- grinding

- shot peening

- tube bending

- flame cutting

- automated knitting machines

- automatic riveting

- etc.

? Basic components of NC systems,

- program

- controller unit

- machine tool

? Most suited to,

- parts are pr ocessed frequently in small lot sizes

- complex part geometry

- close tolerances on workpart

- many oper ations on part in processing

- large amounts of metal to be removed

- engineering design will possibly change

- parts that are too expensive for mistakes

? The me thods for developing NC programs include,

- manual part programming

- computer-assisted part programming

- computer gener ated programs

? The manual and computer aided methods use various NC programming languages, - APT (Automatically Programmed Tools)

- AUTOSPOT (Automatic System for Positioning Tools)

- SPLIT (Sundstrand Processing Language Internally Translated)

- COMPACT II

- ADAPT (ADaptation of APT)

- EXAPT (Extended Subset of APT)

- UNIAPT

? These languages are used by a parts programmer to define t he motion of the cutting tool.

? The languages may be preprocessed, and then used for a number of various control types,

such as,

- punched paper tape

- Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

- Direct Numerical Control (DNC)

? The automatic methods work with ge ometry created in a CAD program.

14.2.1 NC Tapes

? NC Progr ams are preprocessed on computers, and punched onto paper or mylar tapes.

? Simple NC machines can use a tape reader to direct the machine.

? Problems,

- required storage, transportation, and manual loading of NC tapes

- has to reread the tape for each new part

- tapes tend to wear, and become dirty, thus causing misreadings

- the mechanical parts in the readers reduced reliability

- testing had to be done on the NC machine

- no program editing abilities (increased lead time)

? The end of tapes was the result of two competing developments

- DNC used remote computers to replace tape readers, these were displaced in most cases by CNC

- CNC allowed the use of a local computer to overcome problems with tapes, and the problems with distant computers. While CNC was used to enhance tapes for a while, they eventually allowed the use of other storage media, and cur rently program transfer media are not required.

14.2.2 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

? A c omputer controller is used to drive an NC machine directly.

? Characteristics are,

- controls a single machine

- located very close to machine tool

- allows storage/retrieval/entry of NC programs without preprocessing of NC code ? Advantages of CNC,

- progr am is only entered into memory once, so it is more reliable

- the programs can be tested and altered at the machine

- increased flexibility and control options on the local computer

- easy to integrate into FMS systems

? The Background,

- the problems with NC tapes were approached using DNC networks

- the communication problems with DNC systems became obvious, and local computers were added to act as tape readers which would read tapes once, and play them back to the NC machine indefinitely

- CNC controllers began using other storage media like magnetic tapes, and floppy disks

- CNC now offers features like,

- local programming,

- communication over interfaces,

- hard disk storage,

- program simulation

- etc.

? ASIDE: Direct Numerical Control is similar to CNC, except a remote computer is used to control a number of machines. This gives the advantage of more computer power. This approach is no longer popular, as the dropping cost of computers offsets any advantages.

? Some companies use proprietary NC Langu ages,such as the example of DYNA Mill NC code shown later

? These machines are often programmed by downloading NC code from a computer, or manually programming the controller computer.

? Future trends involve,

- adaptive feed rates to increase speeds as the metal removal rate varies

- tool wear detection

14.2.3 Direct/Distributed Numerical Control (DNC)

? Uses a few methods,

- the oldest methods used modems, and a mainframe which emulated a tape reader, to control the NC machine (no storage)

- a more recent advance used a local computer which acts as a storage buffer. Programs are downloaded from the main DNC computer, and then the local controller feeds instructions to the hardwired NC machine, as if they have been read from tape. - the newer methods use a central computer which communicates with local CNC computers (also called Direct Numerical Control)

? DNC controllers came before CNC machines, but as computer technology impr oved it became practical to place a computer beside the NC machine, and DNC changed in form.

? Characteristics of modern DNC systems are,

- uses a server (with large storage capacity) to store a large number of part programs。- the server will download part programs on demand to local machines

- may have abilities to,

- display and edit part programs

- transmit operator instructions and other data needed at the machines

- collect and process machine status information for management purposes

? Advantages are,

- eliminates the need for NC tapes (the advantages are obvious)

- design changes are immediate

- NC programs may be edited quickly

- can be used to support an FMS system

- increase efficiency of individual machine tools

- more shop up-time than with stand alone machines

- simplifies implementation of group technology, computer aided process planning, and other CIM concepts

-reduces peripheral costs with NC tapes

? A Brief History,

? Mid 60’s

- concept proved by Cincinnati Milacron and G.E.

- telephone links used to send instructions from large computers to hard wired NC machines. Basically replaced a tape reader.

? 1970

- several commercial DNC systems announced.

? Mid 70’s

- Aerospace companies used DNC because of the large number of distributed

-machines in their facilities.

? Initial resistance to DNC technology was (previ ously) based on,

- high cost of computer hardware

- the number of machines which could be controlled by one computer was limited

- computer sof tware was limited for maintenance, scheduling, control, and data collection

- a backup computer was usually required

- was hard to justify on the basis of downloading parts programs

? when downloading programs there are two popular opinions,

- a program should only be downloaded in part, this accommodates easy engineering changes in a real-time environment.

- many programs should be downloaded to the local controller to provide protection against system failure, and eliminating the cost of real-time response in the DNC centr al computer.

14.3 EXAMPLES OF EQUIPMENT

? The number of NC machines available commerciall y will be well into the thousands.

14.3.1 EMCO PC Turn 50

? This is a small desktop lathe capable of turning parts in metal.

? The basic physical specifications are,

Cutting volume radial travel 48mm rad axial travel 228mm

Max.holding volume radial 30-65mm axial 300mm 12mm by 12mm

Max.tool size max 80mmm dia

Chuck 130-3000rpm

Spindle 0.001mm

Resolution 0-750mm/min

Feed <=600N below 500mm/min

Feed force 100/110/230V AC,0-6KV A

Power 840 by 695 by 345 mm

? The basic sequence of operations for this machine are,

1. Unpack components.

2. Connect devices to power, air supply, and attach interface cables

3. Install RS-485 card in PC.

4. Install software.

5. Test basic system (Done initial setup here).

6. Start and initialize lathe and PC with software.

7. Setup tools for new job. Find zero positions/offsets, and enter values for turret.

8. Load NC code.

9. Simulate program.

10.Load stock and close automatic chuck.

11.Close door.

12.Run program on Lathe.

13.Open door and open chuck.

14.If cutting a similar part go to step 8, if doing a new setup go to step 7.

14.3.2 Light Machines Corp. proLIGHT Mill

? This is a small desktop lathe capable of turning parts in meta l.

? The basic physical specifications are

Cutting V olume

Max. Holding V olume

Max. Tool Size

Spindle 200-5000rpm

Resolution

Feed 50ipm x,y and 40ipm z

Feed Force

Power

Dimensions

Weight

Controller IBM compatible computer

Control Interface IBM compatible computer

Programming G-Codes and Dos softwar

Spindle 1 H.P.

? The basic sequence of operations for this machine are,

1. Unpack components.

2. Connect devices to power, air supply, and attach interface cables.

3. Install software.

4. Test basic system (Done initial setup here).

5. Start and initialize mill and PC with software.

6. Setup tool for new job. Find zero position/offset.

7. Load NC code.

8. Simulate program.

9. Run pr ogram on Mill.

10. If cutting a similar part go to step 7, if doing a new setup go to step

14.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS14.5 TUTORIAL - EMCO MAIER PCTURN 50 LATHE (OLD) ? The lathe is shipped with software that is meant to emulate shop floor interfaces. We donnot have the standard keyboard, so we need to use special key stroke sequences on the PC keyboard.

? Procedure:

1. Connect the air supply to the lathe and make sure that the regulator on the lathe is between 25 and 75 psi - 50 psi is good. Ensure that the lath is connected to the PC

with the DNC cable. The computer card must also have a terminator on the second connector - this is an empty connector. Turn on the lathe, and the PC.

2. Once the PC is booted, run the emco control software. The screen may come up with warnings. If these warnings don’t disappear when you hit ‘ESC’ call the instructor.

3. First we must zero the lathe. To do this first hit ‘F1’ and then ‘F7?-ZRN’. A small label

‘ZRN’ should appear near the bottom of the screen. Press ‘4’ on the number pad of the keyboard - the lathe should move in the ‘x’ dir ection. Next, press ‘8’ on the keyboard, the lathe should move in the ‘z’ direction. After all motion has stopped the lathe is calibrated, and it will be put in jog mode.

4. You can move the lathe with the keys on the number pad as well as perform other function.

4 - move carriage left

6 - move carriage right

2 - cross slide out

8 - move cross slide in

7 - turn spindle on

6 - turn spindle off

2 - turn on/off chip blower

1 - turn tool turret

+/- - increase/decrease feed

5. You can now put the mill in MDI mode by pressing ‘F1’ then ‘F6?-MDI’. Push the door open and hold it for a second, it will then stay open. Clear the error on the screen with ‘ESC’ and press ~ the chuck shoul d open and close. Mount a work piece and then close the door.

6. Put the computer in program mode ---------------

14.6 TUTORIAL - PC TURN 50 LATHE DOCUMENTATION: (By Jonathan DeBoer)

? SETUP:

The lathe is controlled by a computer through an RS485 port. RS485 is a serial data bus that can be chained from one device to another and must be terminated.The controlling computer must be running Windows 3.1 or 3.11 and must have the RS485 card installed. Windows 95 will not get along with the interface card, and the software refuses to use an RS232 port with an RS485 adapter. The machine should have as few peripherals as possible; if one device happens to use any of the IRQs/ DMAs/IO ports as the RS485 card, there will be problems. So remove sound cards, extra interface cards, etc. The RS485 card has two DB9F connectors on the back, plug the cable from the lathe in one and a terminator in the other.Install WinNC (the control software) under Windows 3.1. There are two disks; the installer and a machine data disk.The lathe needs to be plugged in to the computer, to a power outlet (of course), and to an air supply at 50-75 psi (less than 50 and there isn't enough pressure to open the door). A pressure gauge is on the left side of the machine, all plugs/etc are on the right.

? POWER ON/OFF:

To Turn On:

Turn on the computer and machine. To turn on the machine, turn the key on the right side. On the computer, launch Windows if neccisary. Once windows is running, launch WinNC. Make sure NumLock is on befo re launching WinNC. WinNC will then establish communication with the machine.

To Turn Off:

To just shut off the lathe but not the computer, just turn the key on the lathe. An error will co me up in WinNC indicating it lo st RS485 communication. Not to worry; when the lathe is turned back on later, hit ESC and the error will go away.To turn off both, exit WinNC by hitting Alt-F4 and then exit Windows. Then Simply switch off both the machine and the computer.

? OPERATION:

Some notes:

The EMCO software is distinguished by having the most counter-intuitive, unnatu-ral, information-withholding, and ornery interface known to man. Most technical references available are in German。The software periodically pops up error messages for minor and major errors. Errors can be dismissed by pressing ESC. If they don't go away, there is a problem that needs to be looked into.At the bottom of the screen is a menu of options you can select with the F3-F7 keys. This is called the "softkey list" by the Emco documentation, and will henceforth be referred to as the "menu".

A note on coordinates:

The X axis is into/out of the material. X = 0 should be the center of rotation. As long as X is a positive value, moving along X in the positive is moving the tool out of the material and away from center. Moving along X in the negative is moving into the material and toward center.

The Z axis is along the length of the part (along the axis of rotation). Moving along Z in the negative direction is moving toward the spindle head (to the left, facing the machine). Moving along Z in the positive direction is moving away from the spindle head (to the right, facing the machine)。

Modes:

The software is ruled by mo des. What mode the software is in determines what it can do and what it displays. I f something doesn't work or doesn't look right, check what mode the software is in. Remember operational modes are set independently of display modes. The operational mode can be EDIT but programs cannot be edited until the view mode is set to PRGRM, and vice versa.

Hit F1 to get a menu of operational modes:

ZRN mode is used for zeroing the tool position. This should be done the first thing afterthe machine is turned on.

JOG is used for manual control of the lathe.

MDI is used for changing tools, opening chuck, etc. (actually, you can do all this with JOG)

EDIT is used for editing, loading, and exporting programs.

AUTO is used for running programs.

Hit F12 to get display modes:

Note: when you switch view modes, the menu changes.The default is ALARM mode, which displays operator messages and alarms. Hit F3 to display alarms, F5 to display operator messages.POS mode displays positions.Hit F3 to display the current absolute position, F4 for the current relative position, and F5 for a variety of details. PRGRM mode displays the program. Hit F3 to display the program code, hit F4 for a list of all the programs available. If the operational mode is EDIT, you can also edit the code when you hit F3 。

OFFSET is used for displaying and changing offset values. Hit F3 for wear adjustment and F4 for geometry. These are both parameters for tools.Data for up to 16 tools can be stored at once. Hit F5 for work shift. This is how the working reference point is set. See below.

PARAM is used for changing setup parameters and viewing system information. Hit F3 for setup see below for details. Hit F4 for diagnostics on the RJ485 por t and the software version。

GRAPH is used to simulate output with a graph

The fact that all these modes must share the menu can cause confusion.Remember that if you should be seeing a menu and you aren't, the menu you are looking for may be "behind" the one you are seeing. For example, when you switch to a display mode, you should see the menu f or that display mode. If you hit F1, that menu is "covered up" by the menu to select an operational mode. Once you select something from that menu, you will see the view mode's menu again.

Keyboard control:

Note on keyboard control: Many of the keys outlined in the manual are for German keyboards only and are mapped differently on US keyboards. Use this as reference, NOT the manual:

Alt-F4 - Exit

ESC - Dismiss error message

F1 - mode menu

F3 thru F7 - select item from current menu

F11 - scroll through menus when they are too wide to fit on the screen (like the MORE key on a Ti-85 calculator)

F12 - function key menu

Ctrl-\ - open/close chuck (must not be in EDIT mode, door must be open)

Ctrl-] - open/close door (spindle must be off)

Ctrl-1 - change tool (must not be in EDIT or ZRN mode, door must be closed)

Ctrl-2 - Turn on/off blower

Ctrl-6 - Turn off spindle (JOG mode)

Ctrl-7 - Turn on spindle (JOG mode, door must be shut)

arrows - move cursor in the editor

on the numeric keypad:

4 - move -Z in JOG mode, or zero Z axis in ZRF mode

6 - move +Z in JOG mode, or zero Z axis in ZRF mode

2 - move -X in JOG mode, or zero X axis in ZRF mode

8 - move +X in JOG mode, or zero X axis in ZRF mode

5 - zero both axis in ZRF mode

From:《Integration and Automation of Manufacturing Systems》by Hugh Jack

14.数控机床

计算机数控机床使用一台计算机引导一个可能需要手工完成的过程14.1机床坐标轴

14.2 数字化控制

?使用数字数据驱动机器进行的加工过程如下

-铣削

-车削

-钻削

-磨削

-喷丸加工

- 折弯

-火焰切割

-自动化编制机

-自动铆接

-等

?数控系统的基本组成部分

-程序

-控制器单元

-机床设备

?最适合于

-频繁加工的小批量零件

-复杂的部分几何体

-工件上的紧公差部分

-加工过程中操作量大的部分

-大量的金属切削

-工程设计可能变化时

-价值昂贵不允许报废的零件

?开发数控程序的方法包括

-手工零件编程

-计算机辅助编程

-计算机编程

?手工和计算机辅助方法采用各种数控编程语言

-自动编程工具

-用于工具定位的自动化系统

-桑斯川特内部转换处理语言

-紧凑型 2

- APT改编语言

- APT 的扩展子集

- UNIAPT

?这些语言是通过一部分编程人员定义切削刀具的动作来使用的

?这些语言可以进行预处理,然后为一系列不同的控制类型所使用,例如

-穿孔纸带

-计算机数字控制(CNC)

-直接数字控制(DNC)

?自动化方法与CAD程序中创建的几何体一起工作

14.2.1数控条带

?数控程序在计算机上进行预处理,并在纸条或胶带上打孔

?简单的数控机床可以使用条带带阅读器来指挥机器

?相关问题

-数控条带所必需的存储,传输,手动装载

-必须为每个新零件重读条带

-磁带往往磨损,变脏,从而导致误读

-阅读器很慢,并且可能在复杂零件上产生滞留标记

-阅读器里的机械零件降低了可靠性

-测试必须在数控机床上完成

-没有程序编辑能力(增加了所需的时间)

?条带的结束是两种发展相互竞争的结果

-分布式数控使用远程计算机来代替条带阅读器,但这些在大多数情况下被计算机数控所取代

-计算机数控还允许在本地计算机上使用以克服条带和远程计算机的问题。虽然一段时间内计算机数控被用来加强条带性能,但计算机数控最终被允许使用其他存储介质,并且目前不需要程序传输介质

14.2.2计算机数字控制

?一个电脑控制器是用来直接驱动数控机床的

?特点是

-控制一台机器

-位于非常接近机床的地方

-允许没有预处理的数控代码进行数控程序存储/输入/检索

?数控的优势,

- 程序只输入到内存中一次,所以它更可靠

- 该程序可以在机器测试和修改

- 在本地计算机上增加了控制选项增强了灵活性

- 易于集成到柔性制造系统

?相关背景

-使用DNC网络处理与数控条带有关的问题

-使用DNC系统的通讯问题变得显著,并且本地计算机被添做能读取条带一次并可以让数控机床无限回放的的条带阅读器

-数控控制器开始使用其他像磁带,软盘之类的存储器

-数控现在提供的功能如下

-本地程序

-接口通信

-硬盘存储

-程序仿真

-等

?旁白:除了一台远程计算机用来控制许多机器之外,直接数控与计算机数

控很相似。这给出了更强大的计算机功能的优势。由于电脑成本下降抵消了任何优势,这种方法不再流行。

?有些公司使用专用的数控语言,例如最近展示的德纳铣削数控代码

?这些机器经常冲电脑上下载数控代码编程,或手工对控制器电脑进行编程。

?未来走向涉及

- 根据不同的金属切削速率自动调整进给速度以提高加工速度

- 刀具磨损检测

14.2.3直接/分布式数控(DNC)

?使用了以下几种方法

-最古老的是使用调制解调器和一台仿效条带阅读器的主机来控制数控机床(不能存储)

-一个新近的方法是使用一台用作存储缓冲的本地电脑。从主计算机数控主机上下载程序,然后本地控制器像从纸带上读取程序一样把程序提供给数控机床-较新的方法是使用一台能与本地数控电脑交互的核心电脑(也称作直接数字控制)

? DNC控制器产生于CNC机床之前,但由于计算机技术的发展DNC变的比在数控机床旁放置计算机实用并且DNC在形式上产生了变革

?现代的DNC系统的特点是

-使用服务器(有很大的存储容量)来存储大量的零件程序

-服务器将根据需要把零件程序下载到本地机床上

有能力

- 显示和编辑零件程序

- 传送机床上需要的操作指令和其他数据

- 收集和处理用来操纵机床的状态信息

?优点

- 不再需要数控条带(优点是显而易见的)

- 即时的设计变更

- 数控程序编辑快速

- 可以用来支持FMS系统

- 提高了单个机床的效率

- 比单个机床有更多的工厂运行时间

- 简化成组技术,计算机辅助工艺规划和其他计算机集成制造内容的实施- 减少使用数控纸带的额外花费

?历史概述,

?60年代中期

- 辛辛那提米拉克龙概念和GE证明

- 电话链接用来从大型计算机向硬件连接的数控机床发送指令,这从根本上取代了读带器

? 1970

- 几个商业的DNC系统公布

? 70年代中期

- 航天公司因为他们工厂里有大量的分布式机床而使用DNC

? DNC技术最初的阻碍是(以前)基于

-计算机硬件的高额成本

-一台计算机能控制的机器数量是有限的

- 计算机软件因为维护调度控制和数据收集而受限制

- 通常需要一台备份计算机

- 在下载部分程序的基础上很难调整

?下载程序时,有两种流行的观点

- 一个程序只能被部分下载, 这在现实环境中很容易改变原先的工程设计- 许多程序被下载到本地控制器来提供保护以应对系统故障,并消除在DNC 中心计算机实时响应的成本。

14.3 设备实例可以商用的数控机床数目数以千计

14.3.1 EMCO PC Turn 50

?这是一台能车削金属零件的小型台式机床

?基本物理技术规格是,

切削用量径向进给48mm.轴向进给228mm

最大余量径向30-65mm 轴向300mm 每次12mm

最大刀具尺寸直径最大80mm

卡盘转速 130-3000 r/min

主轴 0.001mm

切削速度 0-750 mm/min

进给速度 600N 以下 500mm/min

进给力 100/110/230VAC, 0-6KVA时力为840 , 695, 345/mm

?这种机床的基本操作流程是

1. 解装组件.

2. 将设备连接到电源,气源并附加接口电缆.

3. 在PC机上安装RS-485卡

4. 安装软件

5. 测试基础系统 (已经安装在上面).

6. 使用软件启动并初始化机床和电脑

7. 设置新的工作工具,找到坐标零点/偏移量,并输入到控制中心

8. 装载数控代码

9. 程序仿真

10.装载工件使卡盘自动加紧

11.关闭机床车门

12.在机床上运行程序

13.打开车门并松开卡盘.

14.如果切削相似的工件则转到步骤8,如果加工新的工件则转到步骤7 14.3.2 Light Machines Corp. proLIGHT Mill

?这是一台能车削金属零件的小型台式机床

?基本物理技术规格是

切削用量

最大余量

最大刀具尺寸

主轴转速 200-5000 r/m

切削速度

进给速度

进给力

功率 50ipm x,y and 40ipm z

尺寸规格

重量

控制器 IBM compatible computer

控制接口 IBM compatible computer

程序编制 G-Codes and Dos software

主轴 1 H.P.

?这种机床的基本操作流程是,

1. 解装组件.

2. 将设备连接到电源,气源并附加接口电缆

3. 安装软件

4. 测试基础系统 (已经安装在上面).

5. 使用软件启动并初始化机床和电脑

6. 设置新的工作工具,找到坐标零点/偏移量

7. 装载数控代码

8. 程序仿真

9. 在机床上运行程序

10. 如果切削相似的工件则转到步骤7,如果加工新的工件则转到步骤6.

14.4实践中的问题

14.5 EMCO MAIER PCTURN 50 LATHE (OLD)使用指南

?车床是与用来模拟制造现场界面的软件一起发货的。我们没有标准键盘,所以我们需要使用计算机键盘上的特殊击键顺序。

?步骤:

1.把车床连接上气源病确保车床上的校准器在25到75psi之间——50psi 最好。确保车床用DNC线缆连接到PC机上。计算机卡在第二个接口(这是一个空接口)上有一个终止器。打开电脑和车床。

2.一旦电脑被启动,运行emco控制软件,屏幕上就可能出现警告。如果按ESC键警告不消失就叫教员。

3.首先我们必须将车床置零。这样做先要按F1然后F7?-ZRN。一个小ZRN 标志会出现在屏幕底部。按下键盘数字行的4车床在X方向移动。接着按下键盘上的8,车床在Z轴方向移动。在所有动作停止后车床被校正好,并被设置在手动手动进给模式。

4.你可以像执行其他功能一样使用数字行的键操作车床。

4 –向左移动底座

6 –向右移动底座

2 –移出刀架

8 –移入刀架

7 –主轴开

6 –主轴关

2 –打开/关闭切屑清洁机

1 –转动刀具转台

+/- - 增大/减小进给量

5.你现在可以通过按F1然后按F6-MDI把机床置于MDI模式。推开车门并停留片刻,车门将保持打开状态。使用ESC并按下SFT键清除屏幕上的错误——卡盘会松开和夹紧。安装工件然后关闭车门。

6. 把计算机置于编程模式----------------

14.6 PC TURN 50 机床文件资料教程: (Jonathan DeBoer著)

?设定:

车床是由计算机通过 RS485端口控制的。RS485 是一些可以连接一个设备到另一个设备的悠闲的数据总线。控制用计算机必须运行Windows 3.1或3.11并且将RS485卡初始化。 Windows 95 与接口卡不兼容并且软件拒绝与RS485

适配器使用一个RS232接口。本机应尽可能减少外围设备;如果某个设备像RS485卡那样发生了使用任一IRQs/DMAs/IO接口将会出现问题;所以要删除声卡,额外的接口卡,等。RS485卡在背面有两个DB9F连接器,一个插上车床线缆另一个插上终端器。在Windows 3.1系统下初始化WinNC (控制软件)。有两个磁盘:初始化盘和车床数据盘。车床需要插上插头连接到电脑, 电源插座 (显然的), 和气压在50-75psi(低于50将没有足够的压力打开车门)的气源。压力表在机床左侧,所有的插口等分布在右侧

?电源开关:

打开电源:

打开计算机和机床。按下机床右边的键以启动机床。如果必要在计算机上打开操作系统。一旦运行窗口操作系统就会启动WinNC。在启动WinNC之前确保数字锁定键是打开的。然后WinNC会与机床之间建立通信。

关闭电源:

要想仅切断机床而非计算机的电源,只要按下车床上的键就行了。一个指示丢失RS485通信的错误将出现在WinNC。别担心,当稍后车床返回时,点击ESC 错误就消失了。要将二者全部关闭,需先按下Alt-F4退出WinNC然后退出系统。然后简单关掉机床和计算机电源即可。.

?操作:

注释:

EMCO 软件以对人们拥有反直觉,非自然,信息隐藏,和未知接口。许多可用的技术参考资料都是用德语所著。这款软件因大大小小的错误而周期性的弹出出错信息。可以按下ESC键将错误忽略。如果它们没消失,那就需要调查这一问题。

在屏幕的底部是一组选项菜单,你可以通过F3-F7键选择。这被Emco文件资料称作“功能键列表”,并自此以后被称作“菜单”。

关于坐标轴的注释:

X轴是材料的进退方向。 X = 0 应是旋转中心。只要X是正值,沿X 正向移动就是退刀并远离中心。沿X负向移动就是进刀并移向中心。

Z轴是工件的长度方向 (沿回转轴方向)。沿Z轴负向移动就是向主轴头(面向机床向左)移动。沿Z轴正向移动就是远离主轴头(面向机床向右)移动。

模式:

软件是靠不同模式控制机床的。软件实在是什么模式下决定着它能做什么和显示什么。如果某些操作不工作或看起来不正确,就核对一下它是处在什么模式。记着工作模式的设置与显示模式无关。工作模式可以编辑但程序直到视图模式被设置为PROGRM才能被编辑,反之亦然。

按下F1出现一个工作模式菜单:

ZRN 模式用于刀具位置回零。这是打开机床后首先要做的事。

JOG 模式用来手动控制车床。

MDI 模式用来更换刀具,松开卡盘等 (实际上你可以用JOG模式进行这些所有操作)。

EDIT 模式用来编辑,装载和搜索程序。

AUTO 模式用来运行程序。

得到显示模式:

注释:当你更换视图模式时,菜单也改变。默认的是显示操作员信息和警告的ALARM 模式。按下F3显示警告,F5显示操作员信息。

POS 模式显示位置信息。按F3显示当前绝对坐标,F4显示当前相对坐标,F5显示各种详细信息

PRGRM 模式显示程序。按F3来显示程序代码,按F4来显示所有可用的程序。如果工作模式是EDIT,你也可以在按下F3是编辑代码。

OFFSET模式用来显示和更改补偿值。按F3来做磨损调整,F4做几何调整。二者都是刀具参数。一次最多可以存储16个刀具的资料。按F5轮班。这就是工作基点的设置过程,见下。

PARAM 模式用来更改参数设置和视图系统信息。按F3设置下面的详细参数。按F4进行RJ485接口和软件版本检测。

GRAPH 模式用来模拟图形输出

所有这些模式都必须共用这个菜单的事实能引起混乱。

记着如果你应该看到一个菜单但你却没看到,你要找的可能在你现在看到的菜单后面。例如,当你切换到一个显示模式,你应该看到那个显示模式的菜单。如果你按F1,那个菜单将被选择工作模式的菜单所覆盖。一旦你在那个菜单上选择了选项,你将会再次看到模式菜单视图。

键盘控制:

注释:手册中许多键是仅为德式键盘描述的并且它们与美式键盘上的位置不同。以此为参照而非指南:

Alt-F4 -退出

ESC - 忽略错误信息

F1 –模式菜单

F3 thru F7 –从当前菜单中选中一项

F11 –当内容太多不能适应屏幕时滚动菜单(就像Ti-85计算器上更多的功能键一样)。

F12 –功能键菜单

Ctrl-\ - 松开/夹紧卡盘(不能在EDIT模式,车门应被打开)

Ctrl-] –打开/关闭车门 (主轴必须停止转动)

Ctrl-1 –更换刀具 (不能在EDIT或 ZRN 模式进行,且车门必须关闭 Ctrl-2 –开/关闭风机

Ctrl-6 –关闭主轴(JOG 模式)

Ctrl-7 –开动主轴 (JOG 模式,车门必须关闭)

arrows –在编辑器里移动光标

数字小键盘:

4 - 在JOG模式下向 -Z 方向移动或在ZRF 模式下将Z坐标归零

6 - 在JOG模式下向+Z方向移动或在ZRF 模式下将Z坐标归零

2 - 在JOG模式下向 -X 方向移动或在ZRF 模式下将X坐标归零

8 - 在JOG模式下向 +X 方向移动或在ZRF 模式下将X坐标归零

5 - 在ZRF 模式下将X坐标和Z坐标归零

摘译于Hugh Jack 《Integration and Automation of Manufacturing Systems》

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英文文献 Numerical control laser processing technology and application Pick to: as the main symbol of science and Technology development in the 20th century and the modern information society one of the pillars of optoelectronic Technology, Laser Technology, Laser Technology) and the development of Laser industry attaches great importance to by the advanced countries in the world. Numerical control and integrated the Laser and the optical system of the computer numerical control technology, advanced and high precision and automation of the workpiece positioning, the combination of formation, development and production of machining center has become a Laser machining, Laser Processing) is an important trend of development. Key words: CNC; Laser machining, Laser Processing); Level; application Before: laser is regarded as one of the most important scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, as soon as it was caused the great attention of materials scientists. In November 1971, gm pioneered the use of a 250 w CO2 laser to improve wear resistance materials using laser radiation test and research, and in 1974 successfully completed automobile redirector shell

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