大学英语四六级阅读理解题解题技

大学英语四六级阅读理解题解题技
大学英语四六级阅读理解题解题技

大学英语四六级阅读理解题解题技

要想提高阅读速度和效率,最直接、最有效的方法就是掌握一些解题技巧。

一、基本功扎实是解题技巧的根本

1、词汇量是基础

此处的词汇包括基础词汇和四级核心词汇。词汇是语言的基石,是文章的最基本单元,没有一定的词汇量作基础,提高并掌握阅读技巧就无从谈起。

一是必须牢牢掌握四级英语考试大纲规定的词汇。

二是要灵活运用、不应死记硬背。英语中的一词多义现象很普遍,同一单词在不同语境下会有不同的意思,所以建议大家,可以通过阅读文章,把词汇放在语境之中来巩固词汇。例如:大家很熟悉的matter一词在不同的场合表达不同的意义:It's an important matter.(这事很要紧。)The article is full of matter.(这篇文章内容丰富。)It is a matter of no laughing.(这个问题可不是开玩笑。)此外,printed matter的意思是“印刷品”。因此,在记忆单词时一定要灵活。

三是不应该盲目根据已掌握的词根词缀来推测单词。当遇到不熟悉的词根词缀(甚至熟悉的也如此),并且通过上下文发现自己猜测的好像也不太和文章相关的情况下,一定要动手查字典核实。例如,2002年四级阅读考到一篇关于大学生应该收到泛泛教育的话题,其中18题的D the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked,许多学生看到overlooked该单词时,会根据已有的词根词缀拆分单词的方法,讲“over-”前缀理解为“过度过多”从而将overlooked 理解为“高看的”导致和正确选项擦肩而过。

四是不应忽视掌握英语短语。四级英语阅读中会大量出现短语。有些短语的意思和构成该短语的单词的字面意思相去甚远,较难掌握,而这又恰恰是考试的重点,因此,熟练掌握考纲规定的短语也是考生必须具备的能力。

五是适当扩充词汇量。应通过课外阅读英文报刊、浏览英文网站,观看英文电影等方式逐步增加词汇储备,经过积累会在阅读时得心应手。

2、句法是关键。

掌握充足的词汇并不等于看懂文章。目前,四级英语阅读理解文章中的句子结构趋向复杂化,长句多、难句多。读懂长难句,关键是从结构入手。综观历年真题可以发现四级阅读理解中的长难句不外乎两种结构即环环相扣型和主谓分离型。所谓主谓分离型就是主语和谓语动词间经常被插入语分离,其标志就是双逗号。例如Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business

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world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration)主语是Bill Gates,谓语动词is raising,宾语doubts;而环环相扣型指一个长句子有诸多定语从句和同位语或状语从句环环相扣而成。例如According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students , today's traditional age college freshmen are "more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)" than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. 据此原则,遇到长句子时不要乱了方寸,首先看一下它属于哪种结构从而理解句子主干的意思,找出句子的“主谓宾”,其次,分析句子的修饰部分,找出句子的“定状补”,经过这两个步骤才能准确把握整个句子的意思。

二、常用解题思路与技巧

《大学英语四六级考试大纲》规定,阅读理解测试的主要要求是:掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;既理解字面的意思,也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;既理解个别句子的意思,也理解上下文的逻辑关系。阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。在大学英语四级考试中,上述能力是通过不同的题型加以测试的。这些题型大体上可以分为:主旨题;细节题;推断题;语义题和是非题。

1、主旨题:主旨题在四级考试中所占比例仅次于事实细节题和推理判断题。这类题型主要测试考生对文章的中心思想或段落的大意的理解,是对考生的综合归纳能力的考查。此类问题常见的提问方式有:

What is the main topic(idea, theme, subject)of the passage/the paragraph?

This passage is mainly about.

The best title of the article is.

What can we learn from the passage/this paragraph?

解题技巧:由于四六级阅读的文章以议论文为主,且英文的写作特点又是开门见山,所以文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段即通过双首原则寻找突破点,有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾,有时也在段落的中间。如有主题句,就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题从而选出正确的答案。如果文章中没有明显的主题句,就应该带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心,抓住每个段落的主题句,明确文章的中心思想。注意:如果文章主旨题出现在第一题,先不要做这道题,把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题,等所有细节题做完后主旨也就浮出水面了,同时这样可以节省很多时间。

2、细节题:四级考试阅读理解中出现频率最高的就是事实细节类试题。事实或细节是文章中用来论证或说明主题的依据。辨认文章中主要事实或细节,就是我们常说的细节题。这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握了作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节,对文章的理解是否全面,是否透彻。这类问题不掺杂主观内容,而是针对文章的某个具体细节,如:时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。这类题常见的提问方式有:

When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)...?

All of the following are mentioned in the passage except....

According to the passage, the best answer to ...is.

The author says...because....

Which of the following may be the best reason for....

解题技巧:一般来说此类题的答案均可在文章中找到答案。但是答案的表述常常不是文章中的原话,而是使用同义的词语或句子进行表述即对原句子改写。因此,在回答此类问题时,应首先仔细审题画出关键词,弄清题目的具体要求,以及所给的四个选项画出关键词,再利用关键词回文章中定位,找出文章中相对应的细节性句子,分别与四个选项进行一一对照,以确定正确答案。关键词的确定也有技巧。如果题目或选项中有专有名词(人名、地名等)、数字(年代、时间等)要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点,在文章中很容易找到,所以很快就可以定位相应的细节,从而找到正确答案。如果题目或选项中没有明显的词,可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。

3、推断题:推断题不同于主旨题和细节题,需要根据文章中提供的信息进行综合的推理分析,然后推出作者的隐含之义。这类题往往难以对付,是考生失分较多的题型。推断题通常包括以下四个方面的内容:

(1)针对文章中的某个细节进行推断。

(2)根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路。

(3)推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容。

(4)针对文章人物性格的推断。

这类题常见的提问方式有:

By saying..., the author suggests that.

What's the author's attitude towards?

It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed .

From the passage, it can be inferred that .

It is implied, but not stated, that .

解题技巧:在做推断题时切忌评主观臆断进行推测,推理必须是基于文章中的具体事实细节进行,并且是做第一步最直观的推断。所以在做此类题时,虽然在文章中不能直接找到答案,但是一定要在文章中找到推测的依据进行合理严密的推断。如果是针对文章中的某个细节进行推断,就要先在文章中找到该细节所在的句子,在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。如果是根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路,应该首先确定文章的中心思想,然后根据中心和

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四六级阅读不看文章直接选答案方法

四六级阅读不看文章直接选答案方法 英语四六级阅读理解如何不看文章就能答题呢?四六级英语测试中阅读理解部分是最让考生紧张而又担心的部分。许多考生在做阅读理解部分时,最大感受就是时间紧、答案选项迷惑性大。如何在没有足够时间进行深入阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下进行答题,我们在总结、归纳历年四、六级真题特点是基础上,向考生介绍一些紧急情况下的应试技巧。 通过研究历届四、六级阅读理解题,我们发现,在所列出的四个选项中,也有一些普遍性规律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了这些规律,他们就可以找到做题时的“第六感觉”,达到所谓超常发挥的水平。如果考生来不及看文章,万般无奈下凭这些规律可以选中不少正确选项。 (一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项 这些语气词有:must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。 例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月六级题22) A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant. B. people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take part-time jobs. D. people have to change their jobs from time to time. 分析:四个选项中,C、D两项中都含有“have to”,语气太绝对化,一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择,就大大降低了难度。 例(2)The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六级题40) A.better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life. B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities. C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago. D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities. 分析:B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化,故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择,命中率就极高了。 (二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项 这些语气词有:can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily 等。 例(1)It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30) A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America 分析:选项B中often 一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。) 例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that A. society can’t provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education C. too many students have to earn their own living D. college administrators encourage students to drop out

英语四级真题阅读理解

Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学,你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上,我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上,遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职,严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to(追求)leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估(追求)放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型,他们必须负责。无论是决策会议,篮球比赛,还是家庭外出,他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位,并紧紧抓住它,因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine(神圣的)right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是,他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣(神圣的)负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估,并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下,只会负责。

【精编】四六级五大阅读题型介绍及技巧

阅读题型一:中心主旨题 首先我们在拿到题目的时候要能够识别出来,什么样的题目才是中心主旨题。小伙伴们在题干中发现了subject、summarize、main idea、mainly about、best title、primarily about、main topic等表达方式的时候就可以断定为主旨题了。小伙伴们在遇到中心主旨题的时候,要注意找到文章的中心词和主旨句,注意文章的首段和尾段的首尾句,这四句话中很有可能会出现文章的主旨句。而中心词就更好找了,一般中心词就是在文章中出现频率最高的词汇,另外,一般中心主旨题的题干中也会出现中心词,小伙伴们在做题的时候可要擦亮自己火眼金睛啊! 阅读题型二:细节题 细节题是我们四六级阅读的一大题型,题干中出现了明显的词汇、因果关系、作者观点、具体事实的等能够直接对应到文章中的定位信息的题目,一般就可以判定为是细节题了。我们在做题的时候首先要找到定位到文章中的关键词,然后根据定位的位置浏览文章,从文章中找到题目的答案。在这里小伙伴们要注意了,一般来说我们四六级阅读命题的时候会遵循题文同序的原则,所以小伙伴们在做题的时候应该对题目对应的段落位置有一个大概的把握。 阅读题型三:态度题 做态度题的时候小伙伴们首先要明确态度题的答题三要素,分别是态度的主体、态度的对象和态度的表达。接下来要分清楚是全文态度题还是局部态度题,全文态度题一般以作者来作为态度的主体,以文章主题来作为对象进行考查;而局部态度题考查的则是某一部分或某一事件的态度,态度主体、对象和表达都是不一定的。小伙伴们在做这类题目的时候首先要分清态度的主体和对象,然后对应到文章中的相应段落,然后分析得出答案。 阅读题型四:词汇题 词汇题一般考查的是小伙伴们的词汇辨析能力,题干中会要求对某个单词或短语进行含义的推测,或者进行同义词替换。小伙伴们如果遇到不认识的单词的时候就要联系上下文来推测词汇的含义了;首先要根据词汇定位到文章的相应段落中,然后载根据上下文语境推测出含义。要留意的是,英语中很多词汇往往都不是字面上的意思,所以小伙伴们做完题之后一定要代入原文验证。 阅读题型五:推理题 题干中出现infer、learn、imply、conclude、suggest、indicate等词汇的时候就可以判定为推理题了。首先推理题分为三种类型,包含具体定位信息的细节推理题、包含具体段落信息的段落推理题以及全文推理题。一般来说,段落中的首尾句、中心句和观点句是出推理题的重灾区,同时出现转折关系的地方、包含强调和递进关系的地方也都是推理题经常光顾的地方。推理题在实质上还是一种同义词改写,小伙伴们要注意,推理题还是必须以原文为依据的。

英语四六级阅读理解

英语四六级阅读理解 1.选词填空 选词填空题是大学英语四级考试的新题型,占整个考试分值的10%。选词填空题的文章长度在220—250词左右,要求从给出的15个词中选择10个填入合适的空中。选词填空题的题目在考试*大设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词,设计者一般遵循以下原则:首句不设空;一句话中不设两空;设空比较均匀,基本覆盖整个段落;设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解;选项所提供的词皆为实义词,包括:名词、动词、形容词、副词等,它们与文章的上下文紧密联系;每个正确选项均有干扰项,相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词。因此,要做好选词填空题,必须要在熟悉选项、通读全文、把握文章结构与大意的前提下,根据所提供的词汇及句子的结构、语法和语篇等信息,通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。 (一)题型介绍 一篇长度为220个单词左右的文章,在文章当中挖掉10个单词,后面设置15个选项,要求选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解。 即:要求考生在理解文章的基础上弄清篇章的宏观结构,并进一步地具体细化到对每个单词的微观处理,如词性,时态等方面。 (二)解题技巧 首先,各位考生跳读全文,根据首末段原则以及首末句原则,快速抓住文章的主题。 其次,仔细阅读各个选项。把每个单词进行分类归纳。 然后,回到文中,分析句子结构,判断出句中所缺成分及所需要词性。 最后,返回原文,检查是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯,如有问题,需要谨慎地进行微调。 (三)注意事项

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