2020高考英语易错语法点30题专题10 名词性从句(解析版)
2020高考英语易错语法点30题
专题10名词性从句
【走进高考】
1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。"________ my father has taught me"是表语从句，该空在从句做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表示方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在此只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。
3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever
B. wherever
C. whoever
D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
4.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
5.【2017·北京】Every year, _______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。主语从句缺少主语，用连接代词，根据句意可知是人获奖，故排除AD，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who, 故选B。
6.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】A. why 为什么B. where 在哪C. how 如何D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。
7.【2017·江苏】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。"half of _______ it used to charge."是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。
8.【2017·天津】She aske d me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when
B. where
C. whether
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；
D.什么。根据句意，故选C
9.【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However
B. Whoever
C. Whatever
D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。helps是谓语，"_________you can do"是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。
10.【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what
B. that
C. whether
D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that, that只起引导作用，故选B。
【语法精讲】
考点一
主语从句
一、that引导的主语从句
1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
◆That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
◆(湖北卷)It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
二、whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
◆It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
◆(安徽卷)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
三、wh-类连接词引导的主语从句
wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, whenever, wherever等)。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在从句中作状语。其语序为wh-类连接词加陈述句。
◆(2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
◆(北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
◆(江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a gr eat Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人还不认可。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(重庆卷)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever/whomever we are to shake hands with.
2．(2019·山东济南一中月考)It is said that he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But when it will come out remains in the air.
考点二
宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether, if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
一、that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：1．当that在从句中作介词的宾语时。
◆I don’t know exactly where he lives, except that it’s somewhere out in the wilds.
他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是在远离城市的荒野之中。
2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
◆He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句
(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb. ＋that从句
◆No matter where he is, he makes it a rule that he shall go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
◆I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
二、whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。
◆(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
1．宾语从句中有or not时，只能用whether。
◆I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don’t know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
2．whether引导的从句可放在介词之后，作介词的宾语，而if则不能。
◆It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
◆(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他/她。
◆(四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句须用一般现在时。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
2．When I walked on the street, I wanted to say how clean the streets were.
考点三
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。
一、从属连词that/whether引导表语从句
在表语从句中，从属连词只起连接作用，其中that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。if不能引导表语从句。
◆(2016·上海卷)The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
◆The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
1．连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
2．连接副词有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
◆(2018·北京卷)This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难，且抱最大的希望。
◆(北京卷)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
在这个足球明星看来，最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
三、其他连接词引导的表语从句
1．as if/as though引导的表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be，seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
◆The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
2．because，why引导的表语从句
(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)
“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)
“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句
“……的原因是……”
◆(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
◆He didn’t work hard. That’s why he was fired.
他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
2．(2016·北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
3．(浙江卷)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.
考点四
同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省
略。
◆(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．The question occurred to me where we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time.
2．The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
两步突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词。
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1．(2019·浙江嘉兴模拟)Recently，a new research has suggested the possibility in a popular magazine pleasant smells might reduce pain.
that解析：句意：最近，在一本流行杂志中，有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句，对possibility进行解释说明，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整，故填that。
2．(2019·江苏盐城中学段考)You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of you think your real interest lies.
where解析：句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解你自己，以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作地点状语。
3．(2019·浙江五校联考)Through the process of comparison, it might be easier for us to understand important belief really is.
how解析：句意：通过比较的过程，我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作understand的宾语，且修饰形容词important，应用how引导该从句。
4．(2019·湖南株洲二中月考)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome
difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
whatever解析：句意：拥有乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知，overcome后为宾语从句，动词短语meet with后缺少宾语，再结合句意可知用whatever 修饰名词difficulties，引导宾语从句。
5．(2019·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
that解析：句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。
6．(2019·浙江杭州五校联考)The difficulty lies in they will come to our help immediately.
whether解析：句意：困难在于他们是否会马上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知，they will come to our help immediately是介词in的宾语从句，根据句意可知，设空处表示“是否”，故用whether引导。
7．(2019·福建安溪模拟)They would appreciate it, to be frank，the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
if解析：句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if...表示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的从句。
8．(2019·河南漯河高级中学模拟) is expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human-operated transport has proved inefficient.
It解析：句意：人们预测，当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时，小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知，设空处为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，故用It作形式主语。
9．(2019·河北石家庄一中一检)It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn’t easy due to
the r esearchers are calling the “frozen face effect”．
what解析：分析句子结构可知，介词to后面的宾语从句中are calling缺少直接宾语，故填what。
10．(2019·江苏苏州四市五区调研)It is obvious the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
what解析：句意：为了子孙后代，当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。It为形式主语，the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations是真正的主语，该主语从句缺少宾语，且表示物，故填what。
最新高考英语语法知识讲解(完整版)
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