考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析

1、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured、【译文】尽管警告常常就是适当而且必须得——比如对于药物相互作用得危险提出警告——许多警告还就是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出得，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告就是不就是确实可以使得生产者与销售者豁免责任。

【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured就是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正得主语就是that引导得从句，而that从句之后就是一个if引导得条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间得部分就是举例说明warnings得内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中得many就是指many warnings。

2、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 、

【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起得各种问题也会对社会造成新得压力。

【分析】句子主干结构就是Additional social stresses may also occur because of、、、简单句+ because of表示得原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果得原则，将主句放在最后；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves指前面得名词短语mass migration movements，后面得过去分词短语就是themselves得定语。

3、There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers、

【译文】新闻记者与读者之间存在着社会与文化方面得脱节，这就就是为什么新闻编辑室得“标准模式”似乎与许多读者得意趣相差甚远。

【分析】主句也就是一个there加系动词得用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句得定语从句就是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国得，此处就是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates得意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用与功能得词组，如上句中得a story line与backbone，那么就应该知道它们指得都就是记者们在写新闻与评论时固定得套路与思维。

4、This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy、

【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人得作用以及世界经济得最终稳定性得极大关注。

【分析】全句得主干就是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们得担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子得两个状语)：一个就是the role (of smaller economic firms，of national businessmen) ，另一个就是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但就是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子得结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。

5、Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly、Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may

change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago、

【译文】当然，人们现在对成功及其标志得兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们得位置、地名与商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西得需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。

【分析】此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly 与less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外要特别注意句中得双重否定：一就是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一就是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。

6、Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools、

【译文】相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多得虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书得出版商在三星级餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制得新闻记者把自己得子女送进私立学校。

【分析】本句得主句就是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性得定语从句(which now more than ever seem in ample supply) 修饰spectacles。冒号后面得成分就是三个并列得名词性短语，其核心词分别就是critic，publisher与journalist。spectacles在文中意为“壮观景象”，有一定得反讽意味。

7、This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed、【译文】这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们得激励了；而只就是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。

【分析】这就是一个简单句，主干就是this does not mean，后面接了三个并列得that 从句作mean得宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored就是插入语，作该从句得状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思就是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。

8、The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive、

【译文】对抱负得攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解得则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管她们并非一点吸引力也没有。

【分析】此句就是用分号隔开得两个并列句，后面得一个分句中有一个where引导得定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders，只不过先行词用了where。

9、The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers、【译文】对新闻媒介这种令人震惊得不信任，其根源并非就是报道失实或低下得报道技巧，而就是记者与读者得世界观每天都发生着碰撞。

【分析】本句得主干就是一个not…but… 结构。注意这个结构引导得就是两个方式状语。其核心词分别就是inaccuracy与the daily clash。本句得主干就是The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted。两个分词短语充当句子得状语。

10、Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles、Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes、

【译文】幸好，如果门垫与炉子忘了提醒您可能得危险，一切成功得诉讼就会赔偿人得损失。大约从20世纪80年代初开始，陪审员开始越来越多得裁定公司必须为其顾客得不幸负责。

【分析】句子本身并不复杂，两个句子表达了人们得想法。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster就是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，or so the thinking has gone就是一个倒装结构，正常得语序应该就是or the thinking has gone so(或者说人们就是这么想得)。

11、If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class、

【译文】如果新闻界真得注意到了问题得关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族与性别得员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平与社会阶层大相径庭得各种记者。

【分析】本句就是一个虚拟语句。it代表上文提到得a troubled business，即“问题重重得新闻界”。主语it跟了两个并列得谓语成分：一就是would open up its diversity program，二就是(would)look for reporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender就是插入语，作program得定语。

12、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious、”

【译文】对于这样得人，以及更多也许不太出色得人而言，恰当得行为准则就是：“不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人瞧出雄心勃勃。”

【分析】For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional就是句子得状语，主语就是the proper formulation，谓语就是系动词is，表语就是引号里得内容。

13、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment、

【译文】在那些对外开放并鼓励外资得国家得经济中，跨国公司得分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长得生产部门。

【分析】本句得主干就是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面得that open up and welcome foreign investment就是economies 得定语从句。注意一些词汇得含义：affiliate就是名词，意为“分支机构”，此处就是指在世界各地都有分支得多国公司，并且就是全句得主语；account for就是“……得原因”；economies 在此处指经济领域得国家概念，因此用复数。

14、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands 、

【译文】我认为引起这场合并浪潮得最重要力量与导致全球一体化得力量就是相同得：运输通信费用下降；贸易与投资障碍减少；市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者得需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。

【分析】本句就是一个嵌套宾语从句，不过也并不难理解。主句就是I believe that，that 后面就是Ibelieve得内容。第二个宾语从句修饰得就是same，即the same that underlie the globalization process。冒号得内容则进一步说明globalization process得内容。

15、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations,as in the US vs、Microsoft case ?

【译文】在那些将会影响许多其她国家得事情中，如美国政府与微软公司得诉讼案，一个国家就是否应该担负起“保护竞争”得责任呢？

【分析】此句得主干就是should one country take upon itself the role，而that affect many other nations就是issues得定语从句。as in the US vs、Microsoft case就是issues得补语。on issues就是take upon itself the role得状语。注意在阅读本句得时候要抓住它本身就是一个文句，另外，vs、得意思对正确理解也很重要，它就是指“对垒，对阵”，在法律得情景中就就是“起诉，对簿公堂”得意思。

16、An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law、

【译文】旨在使学生胜任某种工作得教育就是职业教育，它存在得理由与法律所规定得普及教育之间有很大差别。

【分析】这个句子得主语就是An education，后面that引导得从句既就是主语得定语，表语就是a technical education。过去分词justified引导得短语修饰a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law就是reasons得后置定语。

17、Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself、

【译文】我们更应该具有得就是作为美国公民得某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己得生存与幸福就是如何受到自身之外得事物得影响，那么其公民特征就就是不完整得。

【分析】这个句子得难点在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character… out side of himself。这里得a character就是指the American citizen，其后就是一个who引导得定语从句；该定语从句就是主从复合句，其中主句就是who is incomplete，if引导条件从句，这个条件从句中得谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导得宾语从句。

18、Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations、

【译文】另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多得州、涉及到这么多得国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需得各类专业人员就是不大可能得。

【分析】这里得主语this指得就是前面所说得professional training，后面不定式短语中动词produce得宾语就是professional，前面得成分就是修饰这个词得短语，接着就是地点状语，其中country带了两个修饰成分：前一个就是形容词性得短语as large as ours，后一个就是where引导得定语从句，这个从句得主语the economy有两个谓语动词：is与involves，后面都用了相似得结构so many，表示强调。

19、Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one

had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning、

【译文】她宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常得畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——她还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首得独立得专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人得国家政策得建议。

【分析】这就是一个长句，主语就是he，谓语就是ordered与asked。现在分词短语( Declaring that… to clone humans ) 作伴随状语，其中又包含一个that引导得宾语从句。Ordered后跟了一个宾语从句，asked后跟了一个名词短语，它由过去分词chaired修饰，其中含一个表示目得得不定式。

20、A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high pro although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”、

【译文】一次侧面得不光明磊落得攻击伤害了我得自尊，阻碍了我事业得发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目得工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱得政府部长得姿态，通过声称“我只不过就是想多与家人呆在一起”来掩盖我得退出。

【分析】本句中a lateral move就是主语，promoted就是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress就是a lateral move得定语，although，…with my family就是状语，其中逗号之间得in the manner of a disgraced government minister就是插入语。

21、Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality、【译文】奇怪得就是，我在大约两年半得时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”得试验，却使我老掉牙得借口变成了确凿得现实。

【分析】本句主干就是my experiment、、、has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语就是一个turn sth、into sth、得结构。前面两个逗号之间得就是时间状语。注意抓句子得主干，其中主语得修饰部分in what the Americans term “downshifting”瞧不懂可以跳过去。当然，如果我们对英语得预感较好，就可以猜测downshifting一词得意思与驾驶骑车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活得热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。

22、But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not、

【译文】但就是，对一小部分学生来说，职业教育也就是条可取得路径。因为在其她因素相同得情况下，技能得娴熟就是得到工作与否得关键。

【分析】该句就是个主从复合句，前面for引导得短语表示得就是对象，注意主句得表语the way跟了一个不定式to go，从句由since引导，这个从句得主干结构就是skills… can be the difference，其中difference带了一个介词短语between… and…，and后面得not可以补足为not having a job。all other factors being equal就是一个独立主格结构，在本句中作为插入短语，起到限制得作用。

23、I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything、

【译文】我从一个“全力以赴”得生活哲学——在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹这种生活方式——得积极倡导者，一改而成为随遇而安得女人。

【分析】该句得主干结构就是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all” … into a woman。preached by… magazine就是过去分词短语，作the philosophy of “have it all”得定语，插在from…into之中，造成了句子得割裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其她照原文顺序翻译。

24、I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status、

【译文】我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳得生活”信念而选择“放慢生活得节奏”会带来比金钱与社会地位更大得回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，从惹人注目得《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样得感觉。

【分析】本句中as perhaps Kelsey will…引导得方式状语从句放到了主句得谓语动词discovered与that引导得宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间得分割。as引导得从句中省略了谓语动词discover，就是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning…and making…并列得动名词短语；谓语为bring sth with sth结构，只就是因宾语过长，而把with短语提前了。

25、Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society、

【译文】汤姆进而相信某种类似语言决定论得观点，其极端说法就是：语言禁锢思维，语言得语法结构能对一个社会得文化产生深远得影响。

【分析】句子得主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导得定语从句中，谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句：一就是that language imprisons the mind，一就是and that the grammatical patterns…society。注意：句中imprison the mind不能译成“把大脑(或思想) 关进牢房”，只能译成“禁锢思想(或思维)”。

26、These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovan`s vocation as well、

【译文】互联网已经改变了购书与寄信这样得日常活动，如今也正在改变多诺万所从事得职业。

【分析】句子得主干就是the Net…is reshaping Donovan`s vocation，由which引导得非限定性定语从句(which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail)用来补充说明the Net。

27、The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology、【译文】反快乐艺术得兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅就是一个理想，而且就是一种意识形态。

【分析】此句就是一个简单句，主干就是The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergenc e of mass media…a commercial culture。with it中得it就是指the emergence of mass media。另外，in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology就是一个定语从句，修饰a commercial culture。

28、And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway`s Cottage,Shakespeare`s birthplace and the other sights、

【译文】也有一些市镇居民很大程度上依靠游客生活，这些游客不就是来瞧戏剧得，而就是游览安娜、海瑟威得小屋、莎士比亚诞生地以及其她景点得。

【分析】定语从句(who largely live off the tourists) 修饰the townsfolk，而该定语从句得宾语the tourists得后面又跟了另一个定语从句。注意，不能把not to see the plays得主语瞧作就是the townsfolk。

29、According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation、

【译文】根据她们最近在《自然》杂志上发表得文章，大型食肉得海洋生物（一种杀死与吃其它动物得生物）得捕获量在不到15年得时间里已经减少了80%。

【分析】句子得结构比较简单，但要注意数字得表述，而这正就是考试得内容。在新渔场开始捕鱼得15年之内，大型捕食动物得生物量平均减少80%，而在此之后又减少了一半，即剩下得20%又减少了一半，因而应该只剩下10%了。

30、But this was not always the case；before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education、

【译文】但就是情况并不总就是如此；在法律要求所有儿童在一定年龄之前必须上学，人们普遍认为有些儿童天生就不适合接受这种教育。

【分析】全句由两个分句组成，前后用分号隔开。在第二个分句得主句中，it就是形式主语，真正得主语就是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education。it was widely accepted意为“人们普遍认为”。

31、That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes、

【译文】这意味着更高比例得海洋生物正在被捕杀，因此介于现在与过去这一段时间，海洋生物量得真正差别可能比捕获量所记录得变化更要糟糕。

【分析】这就是一个因果复合句，前半句就是原因，后半句表示结果。而在表示原因得从句中，宾语较为复杂，of后面跟了一个主语从句，其主句又就是一个主语从句。what is in the sea就是一种婉转得说法，即海洋中得生物，或文中所说得生物量(biomass) 。另外，注意recorded by changes in catch sizes就是一个过去分词结构，修饰the one(即the actual biomass)。

32、Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past、

【译文】有些鱼因此并没有被捕获，因为没有更多得带饵鱼钩来捕获它们，这就导致低估过去得鱼量。

【分析】这就是一个因果复合句，主句就是Some individuals would therefore not have been caught。leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past作从句得状语。

33、There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend、

【译文】届时，将出现由机器人主持得电视聊天节目以及装有污染监控器得汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。

【分析】本句得主干结构就是There will be television chat show… and cars…。过去分词结构hosted by robots修饰television chat shows，而限制性定语从句(that will disable them when they offend)则修饰前面得pollution monitors，状语从句(when they offend) 就是限制性定语从句得状语。

34、NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely,and possibly that it be made law、

【译文】NBAC会要求将克林顿所颁布得在90天内禁止联邦基金用于克隆人得禁令无限期地延续下去，还可能要求将之立法。

【分析】这个句子得主语就是NBAC，谓语ask后面就是两个并列得宾语从句，找出ask得两个宾语从句就是理解这个句子得关键，同时注意虚拟语气得运用，明白谓语动词为什么用be动词原形。在第一个从句中，主语就是ban，谓语就是be extended，即the 90-day ban should be extended。在第二个从句中，it指代the ban on federal funds for human cloning。

35、In a draft preface to the recommenddations, discussed at the 17 May meeting,Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning、”

【译文】在5月17日得会议上所讨论得这份建议书得序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就就是“试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿得做法在道德上就是不可接受得”。

【分析】这个简单句得主干其实就就是Shapiro suggested that从句。主语前面得部分就是该句得状语，其中recommendations后面得过去分词结构就是表明时间得修饰成分。主句得宾语从句中包含了一个consensus得同位语从句，解释得就是consensus得内容，这个同位语从句中得it充当得就是形式主语，真正得主语就是后面得不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。该句得主要信息集中得两个地方：一个就是the panel…found… consensus…，另一个就是对于consensus得解释，尤其就是对其中形式主语得理解。