2007年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解
I.Listening Comprehension(15points)
(略)
II.Reading Comprehension(30points)
Directions:Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C,and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage1
Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago,computed tomography or computed medical imagery has become fairly widely used.Its rapid acceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks of conventional X-ray technology.
To begin with,conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of the information contained in a three-dimension object.Things at different depths are superimposed,causing confusion to the viewer.The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of the body’s interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing through sections of the body from hundreds of different angles.Such pictures are based on series of thin“slices”.
In addition,conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone and air,as in the chest and lungs.They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variations in tissues.The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all,and certain other organs
may only be rendered visible through the use of radio paque dye.Since computed tomography is much more sensitive,the soft tissues of the kidneys or the liver can be seen and clearly differentiated.This technique can also accurately measure different degrees of X-ray absorption,facilitating the study of the nature of tissue.
A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability to measure quantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through which the X-ray has passed.Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded.This is not a problem with computed tomography.It can accurately locate a tumor and subsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment,so that in addition to its diagnostic capabilities,it can play a significant role in therapy.
16.Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference between______.
A.bone and air
B.liver and pancreas
C.muscle and other body tissues
D.heart and lungs
17.What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body?
A.Two-dimensional
B.Three-dimensional
C.Animated
D.Intensified
18.It can be inferred from the passage that,compared to conventional X-ray
techniques,computed tomography is more______.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/435421300.html,pact
B.rapid
C.economical
https://www.360docs.net/doc/435421300.html,rmative
19.What is the author’s attitude toward this new technique?
A.Cautions
B.Tolerant
C.Enthusiastic
D.Critical
20.According to the passage,computed tomography can be used for all of the
following EXCEPT______.
A.monitoring a patient’s disease
B.diagnosing disorders
C.locating tumors
D.reconstructing damaged tissues
【答案与解析】
16.A第三段第一句明确提到In addition,conventional X-ray generally differentiates
only between bone and air...另外，传统的X-光通常只区分骨头和空气，所以答案为A项。
17.B第二段提到传统的X-光技术是two-dimensional，不能显示一个三维物体所包含的
全部信息。而computed tomography能克服传统技术的缺点，也就是它能显示三维图像。
18.D第二段提到conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all of
the information contained in a three-dimension object.传统的平面X-光照片不能显示一个三维物体所包含的全部信息。接下来提到The computer is able to...计算机能够通过测量从数百种不同的角度穿过人体部位的X光线的不同强度来重组人体内部结构照片。由此可推断，相比传统的X-光照片，计算断层照相法能显示更多的信息。
19.C本文通过对比计算断层照相法与传统X-光科技，热情描述了计算断层照相法的优点
与功能，作者对计算断层照相法充满激情与赞美。
20.D文章最后提到It can accurately locate a tumor and subsequently monitor the
progress of radiation treatment,so that in addition to its diagnostic capabilities,it can play a significant role in therapy.计算断层照相法可以精确定位肿瘤，继而监视辐射治疗的进程。因此，它除具有诊断疾病的功能以外，还对治疗起着重要的作用。只有D项不在计算断层照相法的功能范围内。
Passage2
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification,medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries.This notion is apparent in the origin of our word“pharmacy,”which comes from the Greek pharmakon,meaning“purification through purging.”
By3500B.C.,the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs.They used gargles inhalations,pills,lotions,ointments and plasters.The first drug catalog,or
pharmacopoeia,was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest.The Ebers Papyrus,a scroll dating from1900B.C.and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians.To relieve indigestion,a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates(known today as antacids)was prescribed,and to numb the pain of tooth extraction,Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol.
The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation.The“chief of the preparers of drugs”was the equivalent of a head pharmacist,who supervised the“collectors of drugs”field workers,who gathered essential minerals and herbs.The“preparers”“aides”(technicians)dried and pulverized ingredients,which were blended according to certain formulas by the “preparers.”And the“conservator of drugs”oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral,herb,and animal-organ ingredients were kept.
By the seventh century B.C.,the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine.They believed that a physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific framework,as well as cure the supernatural components involved.Thus,the early, Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health,even if the suspected“mental”causes of disease were not recognized as stress and
depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.
The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century,ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry.The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine.
Drugs had been launched on a scientific course,but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact.One major reason was that physicians unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens,such as bacteria and viruses,continued to dream up imaginary causative evils.And though new chemical compounds emerged,their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error.
Many standard common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this trial-and-error environment.Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today,despite enormous strides in medical science,many of the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.
21.The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first paragraph in order to______.
A.show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical science
B.point out that man of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held today
C.illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internal cleansing
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考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
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