高考英语听说考试真题

2017年广东省高考英语听说考试真题A

Part A Reading Aloud

In this part, you are required to watch a video clip and read after the speaker in the video.

By 1850, almost all of New England’s forest had been chopped down, and much of this was turned to farmland, surrounded by stone walls. But then everything changed, as richer farmland and gold were discovered in the west. And many of the settlers chased their fortunes elsewhere. Towns like Livermore disappeared as quickly as they had been formed. Slowly, the trees of New England grew around the ruins and reclaimed the land. This new forest was very different. By chopping down the old-growth trees, people had given fast-growing maples and oaks a chance to claim the land. They grew back in greater numbers than ever before. (66”)

Part B Role Play

In this part, you are required to act as a role and complete three communicative tasks: listen to a speaker, ask the speaker three questions and then answer five questions.

Now please ask the speaker three questions. You have twenty seconds to prepare the question. When you hear a beep, begin to ask the question.

Q1: 那是什么意思呢？

________________________________________________________________(10”) A1: Listen to answer 1.

Q2: 你有很多空闲时间旅游吗？

________________________________________________________________(10”) A2: Listen to answer 2.

Q3: 游客能找到哪些工作呢？

________________________________________________________________(10”) A3: Listen to answer 3.

Now please get ready to answer five questions. You are allowed ten seconds to prepare the answer. When you hear a beep, begin to answer the question.

Q1: Listen to question 1.

A1: ________________________________________________________________(10”) Q2: Listen to question 2.

A2: ________________________________________________________________(10”) Q3: Listen to question 3.

A3: ________________________________________________________________(10”) Q4: Listen to question 4.

A4: ________________________________________________________________(10”) Q5: Listen to question 5.

A5: ________________________________________________________________(10”) Part C Retelling

In this part, you are required to listen to a monologue and then retell it based on what you have heard.

Now please get ready. When you hear a beep, begin to retell it. (120”)

____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

2018年广东高考英语听说考试考前训练及技巧

广东高考英语听说考前训练及技巧 2017.11.6 广东高考英语人机对话口语考试分三部分：（共60分，折算15分）第一部分：Reading Aloud 根据视频大声朗读文章，要求流利通顺，文章中有一定的新词汇。（20分）第二部分：Role Play 要求扮演角色，与电脑互问互答，先根据提示问三个问题，再回答五个问题。（16分）第三部分：Oral Competition 口头作文，听一篇文章，然后根据故事梗概和关键词，复述该故事。（24分）听说合考总的答题策略： 1、调整话筒，让话筒靠近嘴巴，保证录音质量。 2、养成作好笔记的习惯。 3、录音答题时保持镇定，确保自己的发挥。 Part A 答题技巧应试技巧：第一遍看视频听录音时，注意力应放在说话者的发音、语调和意群停顿上，同时尽可能地记下一些关键词语。自我演练时，考生首先要熟悉画外音所叙述的内容，记住需要换气和停顿的地方。第二遍边听录音边看视频上文字时，最为关键的是要注意说话者的语频，并对个别较难发音的词语加以关注。录音时，考生是看着相同的视频片段进行录音。这时最为关键的是语频要与视频上显示的保持一致。一定要读出来，碰到不懂的单词，按字母规律发音，不要不读。 Part B答题技巧 1).听前抢读和预测: 预测可能出现的词汇(尤其是关键词),和出题方向。如:情景介绍:女士和男士谈论即将来临的面试

预测:关键词interview 可能出题方向When will you have the interview? How will you go there? Are you prepared for /nervous about it? 2)做笔记,抓关键信息前面的英文短片部分和三问部分是所有听力信息的输入部分，这两部分要做好听力笔记。在三问环节，计算机会回答两遍.计算机回答问题的内容往往是下一部分回答的答案或提示。观看英文短片时要在听懂大意的同时留意涉及的人物、事物、时间、行为等相关信息(5w1h)，并适当做笔记,在短时间内强记细节信息,如年代,单价,折扣价,门牌号等。练习快速记笔记，用最简洁的符号记录信息。如字母/箭头/数字/汉字/图形等。如:考生用英语提问：新图书馆周末开放吗? （Is the library open on weekends?）计算机回答（Y es. It‘s open from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on weekends and it opens one hour earlier from Monday to Friday. 播放2遍）计算机提问（When does the new library open from Monday to Friday? 播放2遍）考生回答计算机提问（It opens at 8:00 a.m. from Monday to Friday.） 3）准确获取信息后，考生不需要再关注画面，应更留心使用规范的英语进行问答。 4）时间上的把握,注意力高度集中(整个过程) 5）放弃过去的信息。 Part B 答题注意事项 1).提问部分

2016年5月CET-4大学英语四级口语试题汇总

大学英语四级口语考试(CET-SET4)内容及流程

2016年5月CET-SET4试题汇总场次1 I. Self-introduction （30seconds） II. Read Aloud(45s to prepare; 60s to read) III. Question & Answer(2 questions; 20s per Q) IV. Individual Presentation(45s to prepare; 60s to talk ) Views on robots doing housework. V. Pair Work(60s to prepare; 90s to talk) Your presentation may include: --for what purpose --what is the price range --whether to buy it at a store or online

I. Self-introduction II. Read Aloud III. Question & Answer ⑴What’s the Lord of the Files about? ⑵There are few people read novels these days, what do you think about this phenomenon? IV. Individual Presentation My school library. V. Pair Work Your presentation may include: --characters --setting --plot

【英语口语试题】高考英语口语考试题目

普通高校招生英语统一口试评分标准及题目普通高校招生英语统一口试成绩分为优，良，合格，不合格四个评判等级，供相关院校录取时参注意：1. 考生口试时间一般不超过5分钟 2. 考生进场后，主考一般以下面两句开始： 1. Show me your admission card, please. 2. Sit down, please. 高考口语考试题目第一套（第一份） 1. What do you usually do at weekends? 2. Which teacher do you like best in senior high school? Why? 3. How do you feel about your middle school life? (第二份) 1. Which film star do you like best? Why? 2. Do you like to be a volunteer? Why / why not? 3. Do you often help your parents with the housework? Why/ why not? (第三份) 1.What would you like to be in the future? 2.Can you say something about Internet? 3.Do you often practice your English Writing? Why/ why not? 第二套（第一份） 1.Do you like helping others? Why/ why not? 2.Do you like watching movies in your spare time? Why/ why not? 3.Would you please say something about a place you have visited? (第二份) 1.Can you say something about your favorite teacher? 2.What is the happiest thing in your life? Why? 3.Would you please tell us something about your favorite singer(s)? (第三份) 1.What animal do you like best? Why? 2.How do you practice your oral English? 3.Which scientist do you like best? Why? 第三套（第一份）

英语口语考试试题(精华版)

北京英语口语考试试题(中级) 第一部分 Introduction and General Conversation (about 3 - 4 minutes) Good morning/afternoon! Sit down, please. (Take a seat, please./Please be seated.) What's your name? (Could you tell me your name?) * My name is Chai Qinghua . And what is your registration number (准考证号)? * My registration number is… Right. Can you hand me your mark sheet, please? （登分卡） (Can you give me the mark sheet, please?) * Here you are. Thank you. Now we are ready for the test. (Let’s begin our test.) First of all, I'd like to know something about you. Could you tell me sth. about you family (friends, work, study, hobby)? * Yes,of course. Where are you from? * I’m from Chao Yang District. How did you get here? Did it take long? * I came here by bus. It took me about an hour. Where is your hometown? (Are you from Beijing? Which part of Beijing are you from? Tell me something about your hometown. How do you like your hometown?) * Well, Beijing is my hometown. Beijing is the capital of China. It is both an ancient city and a modern city. It is also an international city. It is developing very fast. I like Beijing very much. There are many foreign companies in Beijing. So in the near future, if I want to have a job in these companies, I have to be good at English. How long have you lived in Beijing? (Have you been living in Beijing for many years?) * For about 18 years. Are you working or studying? (Are you a student? What is your job?) *I ‘am a college student . What is the name of your college? The Tongzhou college of Beijing university of technology . When did you begin to study in your present school? * I began to study here in September 2012. Is English an important course in your school? * Of course, it is a very important course in our school. Both teachers and students pay great attention to this course, because English is very important. How do you usually learn English on your own? * I often listen to English programs over the radio. * I often review what I have learnt in my English classes. What is your major(专业)? Do you like your major? Is it difficult to you? * I major is the Business Administration Management. I like my major very much. It is very interesting and practical. Some courses are easy to learn, but some are difficult.

高考英语听力提分技巧3篇

A篇：高考英语听力技巧英语试卷分为第I卷（选择题）,第U卷（非选择题）,两卷总共150分,考试时间共120分钟。第I卷将分为听力、单选、完形填空、阅读几个部分，第 U卷分为听写单词、改错和写作。对英语听力，只有处理好听前、听中和听后的技巧，才能获得较高的分数。英语听力该怎样把握？充分利用试听时间，迅速熟悉播音员语音。在听力考试前，会有两分钟的听力试音，考生应充分利用试音时间，及时掌握播音员的语音、语调和语速，熟悉好每个考试指令在平时训练听力时，考生应养成边听边记录的习惯，在记录时可以采用自己熟悉的符号进行速记。在平时训练听力时应保持良好的心态，做到不骄不躁。在考试中，如果出现听漏的情况时，不要慌乱，必要时可以选择放弃。另外要特别注意的是：平时我们考试都不考听力，即用120分钟的时间做120分的题，完型、阅读、写作的速度都相对慢，但现在加上听力，我们做题时必然会觉得时间不够用，从而出现慌张，发挥失常的问题。因此，做完听力要快速确定答案，绝不能听完后再在听力上花费太多的时间，以防拿不到理想的成绩。切记，该放弃时，蒙一个也未尝不可。 B篇

英语听力必备的应试技巧（2010年高考）众所周知，在高考（论坛）英语试卷中的第一个部分就是听力，占整个英语（论坛）高考卷的1/5分值；由于听力长期以来是学生英语学习中的弱项，分值比例高,而且与语法、阅读等书面考试题型相比，听力考试具有极强的时间效应，听力过程不具备复制性，考生必须学会掌握一定的听力技巧，充分利用宝贵的每一分钟。下例wh-问题进行预测： (1) Who are the two speakers? (2) What is the possible relati on ship betwee n them? (3) Whe n did they have the conv ersati on? (4) Where did the conv ersati on take place? (5) Why do they have the conv ersati on? (6) What did they plan to do? 2) .语篇预测在Part B,L on ger Con versation 的听力过程中，考生按下列问题展开预测： (1) What is the topic of the passage? (2) Who is the speaker? (3) What facts did the speaker offer? (4) What facts did the speaker fail to offer? 3) .依靠开篇句预测

(完整版)高考英语口试材料12套广东高考英语口语考试题型分析及备考策略

高考英语口试材料12套、广东高考英语口语考试题型分析及备考策略、提高高考英语听力的六大关键及高考英语听力应试注意事项 Test One Part One People do get hurt in "adventure sports" and the most dangerous is climbing, which kills eight people a year. But it is not always obvious which activities are dangerous. For instance, two people die every year in hanggliding accidents, but the same number are killed by badminiton, whereas six people a year die in fishing accidents! So "exciting" isn't always the same as "dangerous". This is even more true when you consider the activities of every day life. Many more people die due to accidents in the home than from sports of any king. Part Two 1.It's nice of you to show me around your school. 2.What about taking Bus No 104 to the Shanghai Railway Station? 3.I am sorry I have to leave now. I have to catch the last bus. 4.How did you enjoy the concert last night? 5.I wonder if I could use your mobile phone. Part Three (1-2)Your friend is inviting you to see a film. Ask your friend two questions about it. (3-4)You have a toothache and want to make a appointment to see Dr Brown. The nurse asks you two questions. Part Four What do you think of the development of transportation in Shanghai? Part Five The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday... Test Two Part One Teenagers who don't get up in the morning are brighter and more successful. A study of students' sleep by reserarchers in the USA found that teenagers who get up early are often tired and can't concentrate in class. "Young children love to get up early but teenagers have a different biological clock," says a professor of Brown University. Her reserach showed that teenagers naturally go to sleep and wake up later than normal-for good biological reasons. Now many American schools have changed the start of their morning classes from 7.30 to 8.30 or even 9.00. Part Two 1.(Telephone rings) Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith? 2.I'm sorry that I forgot to bring the book here. 3.I'd love you to come to my birthday party. 4.Why not have another cup of tea? 5.You're busy. Is there anything I can do for you? Part Three (1-2)You are in your Rnglish teacher's office, asking the teacher two questions about English learning.

大学英语口语考试试题及答案

以下为爱麟霖/(Curlylin)倾情奉献，需要的朋友可以参考一下 7. Friendship (Listening and Speaking Course, Unit 3; Integrated Course, Unit 2) 1) Do you have many friends? What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why? Yes. I’d like to make friends with loyal people. In my opinion,a friend is a person who can share his/hers happiness with you, who can lend you a shoulder when you cry,who can give you a hand when you are in trouble without asking for anything in return. In a word,a friend in need is a friend indeed, I think a loyal people can do the things which were mentioned above for his/hers true friend. So I prefer to make friends with loyal people, and I also believe I am a loyal people who you can make friends with. 2) How do you make friends? Please comment on “a friend you buy isn’t worth the price”. First,I’d like to talk to him to find out whether we have the same interest with each other. If the answer is YES,then we have the foundation to develop a friendship. The next days, all we need to do is to treat each other by heart and soul. 3) How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? How can we keep friendship alive? As for me, I regard friendship as a very important part in my life.Just imagine a life,there’s no one to be your friend. What life could be if you had no friend to talk to , no friend to comfore you and cheer you up when you were having a hard time,no friend to lend you a hand when you needed help …… Life without friends is unthinkable ... We have to do hard work to build up and sustain our friendship. First, let your friends know that you really care about them.It’s important to give some cues to your friends. Be sure your friend knows that she is cared about.Second,try to be with your friends when they are in trouble when they need you. Keeping friendship alive is not only to say some sweet words,but need some real action. 4) What does friendship mean to you? What kind of friends do you think are true friends? It's a fantastic experience in whole of my life. Friendship to me is what water to fish.I can't live without a real friend. 2问见（1） 5) How can we get along well with other people? To begin with, we need to be honest with others and always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win other's respect, not to mention "friendship" . Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide[?'ba?d] by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.

高考英语听力答题技巧总结

听力技巧一、学会预测预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示，如所给答案选项，段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。 1. 从答案选项中预测： Q: What does Tom do? A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot. 录音原文：W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的，再从flew, passengers, airport 这些信息词中可知道Tom的职业。 2. 从说话人口气预测： “Sure”， “I agree”，在A,B两人的对话中，如果B是附和或赞成，往往说“Yes”， “I think so”等。但如A用否定句，B表同意时则用“No”，“Neither / Nor?”等。例如：A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water. 二、做简要笔记听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息(包括数字，人名，地名，关键词)，前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。例：How much will the man pay for the tickets? A.$18 B. $24 C. $30 原文：W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 笔记可简化为：$ 6 A(A代表adult)，C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2) 三、听清数据，简要记录，加以运算。在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。 At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00 录音原文：W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 对话中提到了三个时间It's 3 now, in 2 hours，in 15 minutes. 现在是3点，开往Manchester的火车要两小时后才开，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把3点和2点相加，会得出火车5点才开的错误选项C。数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种： 1. 要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音;辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等 2. 计算时间，钱款，距离，年龄，人或物的数量等;听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中;注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 记住时间是60进制如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。例：At what time does the office open?

大学英语四级口语应试技巧汇编

大学英语四级口语应试技巧汇编由于近年来，参加口语考试的门槛进一步降低，每年都有更多的考生获得参加口语考试的机会。那么如何准备口语考试呢? 技巧1：考前热身，了解你的搭档考试之前，考官会对所有考生进行随机分组，通常三个人一组，会给一定时间让你们交流，这就是所谓热身。千万不要小瞧你的搭档，大家要抓紧时间交流，这样等到正式考试时，大家才能有好的配合。比如，我在考口语的时候，有一个搭档是个内向的女生。我在听她的发音时比较累，有时只能猜测。最后一个部分是一个商业宣传的案例，结果我们做的策划是两个截然不同的方向，她大概也没有经历过类似的考试，根本不与我配合，于是到最后也没有达成一致意见。技巧2：精心准备自我介绍考前有一个自我介绍，你要准备得有特色，生动一点，因为这关系到第一印象的问题，你在第一时间内所展现出来的个性特征很可能在主考老师的心里持续到最后一分钟。你不要把自我介绍弄得太冗长，不要为了使用某些夸张的语句，而使本该简短的文字变得复杂。技巧3：悉心倾听同伴发言口语测试中的专心应该是从始至终的，最好能做到悉心倾听每一个搭档的发言。

因为考官很有可能突然点名让你发表意见，如果你没有专心听懂其他人的观点，那么你就可能不知道自己该说点什么。我考试的时候遇到的另一位搭档是研究生，但他的口语基本上在初中水平，但是幸亏我当时一直认真地听着他的发言，不然当考官突然让我接下话题时，我就可能不知道自己该说些什么了。技巧4：学会解释开放性问题要学会对问题进行开放性解释，不要只给出简单的答案。这个也许是个很个人的问题，是个习惯问题。但考试是有时间限定的，老师也许会示意你做进一步阐述，所以见到问题的时候就应该有比较完善的，综合各方面因素的理解。但不要给出让人过于吃惊的回答，尤其不要拿出新生代人物对一切都毫不在乎的态度，最好是表现得成熟一点，有条理，有逻辑，有道理。因为大家都是接受过高等教育的人，不要在一些简单问题上显得幼稚和无知。技巧5：六招教你快速提高四六级口语相对于雅思考试中的其他单项，口语是不少考生的弱势项目。除备考要细致，考试时的一些细节也要引起考生注意，提醒大家尤其要注意以下八个细节问题。 Keep eye contact.保持眼神交流中国考生在答题时往往眼睑自然下垂，是一种内敛的表现。可在欧美人看来，这种回避的眼光可能是一种缺少安全感、不自信的表现。在雅思口语考试中，考官提问时会一直与考生保持眼

大学英语口语考试试题-10个口语话题(期末)

Topics for Oral test 1. Which great leader do you admire most? What qualities did/does he/she have? bill gates 2. Which do you cherish more, your friendship with a good friend or your romantic relationship? obviously, friend is easy to make, but lover is kind of hard to seek for. Since relationship between friends might be not that close compared to romantic relationship, I will probably take it serious and cherish this sweet relationship. Also, I believe that my friends will support me and our relationship won’t be tense and freezing because of this. As the Chinese saying goes, once you got a boyfriend or a girlfriend, you may leave your friends out of your mind. I partly agree this, and when I fall in love, especially at the very beginning, I think I will cherish it more than friendship. 3. What factors would you consider first if you were to find a job (even a part-time job)? I will first consider whether this company and the offered position is high potential. I think high potential is a quality that is vital for the company’s future development and its personnel’s self improvement. Every one need a room to promote and realize one’s self-value. Another factor I concern is—its location. I’d like to work and live in big cities because big cities offer so many opportunities and a higher salary while small cities can’t. 4. Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble, vour parents or your friends? They know me better than anyone else and their vision is wide, their thoughts are mature.

高考英语听说考试满分技巧

高考英语听说考试满分技巧有很多的同学是非常想知道，高考英语听说考试满分技巧是什么?接下来是小编为大家整理的高考英语听说考试满分技巧，希望大家喜欢! 高考英语听说考试满分技巧一听纯正的英文节目和歌曲高中的学习节奏很紧凑，但是我们在学习之余还是要适当的放松，这时候看一些英文电影，听一听英文歌曲，不光可以起到放松的作用，还可以顺带练习一下听力。听英文电台培养预感平时多收听一些英文的电台，或者去书店买一些电台节目的光盘。刚开始的时候可能会听不懂，但是这是一个培养语感的过程，有了语感，才能在考试中提高听力的成绩。找有文字材料的听力去听我们在做听力练习的时候，最好找有文字材料的听力。在听完之后把材料拿出来看一看，然后再回去听，这时你会惊讶的发现有些听不懂的地方居然能听懂了，打个比方，如果你想把大象装进冰箱里，首先就需要把冰箱门打开，如果连冰箱门都打不开，何谈把大象装进冰箱里呢? 高考英语听说考试满分技巧二 1.定下心，快读题高考英语听力测试旨在考查学生理解口头英语的能力。很多学生并非能力上不行而是心理上过分紧张，影响水平的正常发挥。充分利用好发卷后的三分钟左右时间，快速浏览试题及选项。根据题干和相关选项可以预测一部分可能的背景知识，确定听音的重点，使听音具有明确的方向性和选择性。小编推荐：高考英语听力高分策略声音过去好似一阵风，因此，一定要把能做的一切准备放在听音前，尤其是对付听力材料，因为“只读一遍”。“信心”还包括“当机立断，尊重第一次选择”。某一地方听不清楚也很正常，不必紧张心慌，听完一题应该当机立断选答案，赶紧阅读下一题。没有十分的把握不要轻易改掉一开始选的答案。 2.抓关键，巧记录

高考英语口语考试试题及其解答过程

高考英语口语考试试题及其解答过程 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

第一套 Part One: Read aloud the following passage. You will have one minute to prepare and thirty seconds to read. Several studies have shown that humor seems to help sick people get back their health faster. The idea is not new. But today, doctors are still trying to figure out exactly how this works. In some hospitals, doctors do scientific experiments with laughter. They show funny films like Mr. Bean to patients who have diseases to make them laugh. Actors dress up in silly clothes and tell funny jokes. Smiles and laughter seem to make illness less painful. In addition, the hospital atmosphere is more cheerful for everyone. Part Two: Make quick responses to the sentences you hear: 1.How do you go to school everyday 2. 3.Why don’t you wear that new coat 4. 5. 6.Watch your steps, please. 7.Hey, please don’t use my dictionary without asking. 8.Oh, I’m really sorry, I’ve knocked over your tea. Part Three: Ask two questions about each situation given below. At least one special question should be asked about each situation: (1-2) You want to buy a digital camera. You are now at the camera counter in a department store. You ask the shop assistant… (3-4) Your friend Li Mei has just returned from her trip to Qingdao. You ask her … Part Four: You will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk on this topic in at least six sentences. Do you think it necessary for teenagers to keep off fast food such as fried chicken and potato chips Why or why not Part Five: you will have one minute to prepare and another minute to talk about the following pictures in at least seven sentences. Begin your talk with the sentence given. Yesterday was Xiao Ming’s seventeenth birthday. 第二套 Part One: Read aloud the following passage. You will have one minute to prepare and thirty seconds to read. Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, skiing, and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, or watching them on television.