高中英语动词用法详解-文档
动词及动词短语用法详解
动词是描述主语的动作行为或状态的词。
几乎每个句子的表述都离不开动词。动词是英语句子的重心，是英语句子中不可缺少的
一部分。动词通常在句子中作谓语，它种类繁多，形式复杂，是较复杂的语法项目之一。
I 动词的分类
根据动词的句法功能可将动词分为实义动词、连系动词、持续动词和非持续动词、助动词和非谓语动词。
1.实义动词
实义动词包括不及物动词和及物动词两类。
1）不及物动词：不及物动词指不能跟宾语的动词。在英语中大多数动词既可以作及物动
词，又可作不及物动词。纯粹的不及物动词很少。常用作不及物动词的
主要有ache疼痛，agree同意，apologize道歉，appear出现，arrive到达，
come来，cry哭，dance跳舞等。
We waited until mom came.
我们一直等到妈妈来。
2）及物动词：能跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。英语中的动词大多数为及物动词。
（1）跟单宾语的及物动词
只跟一个宾语的动词称为单宾语动词。常见的单宾语动词主要有：
accept接受，admire羡慕，admit承认，affect影响，afford买得起，
announce宣布，borrow借出，bury埋等。
I'm sorry that I forgot your telephone number.
对不起我忘了你的电话号码。
（2）跟双宾语的及物动词
可以同时跟两个宾语的及物动词叫双宾语动词。双宾语中的一个宾语
指人，称为间接宾语，一个宾语指物，称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般
位于直接宾语之前，也可位于其后，但此时在间接宾语的前面需加介
词to或for。
直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词
介词to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着、向着、对着某人。常见的此类
动词有：
post寄，promise答应，read读，return返还，show给......看，teach教，
tell告诉，lend借等。
Hand me that book, please.= Hand that book to me, please.
请把那本书递给我。
直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词
介词for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为某人、替某人。常见的此类动
词有：
find找到，fetch取，make制作，order点菜、定购，paint绘画，purchase
购买，save储存，spare抽出等。
My parents bought me a nice backpack. = My parents bought a nice
backpack for me.
我父母给我买了一个很好看的背包。
既可加to也可加for的动词
常见的此类动词主要有：
do做，get拿到，read读，sing唱歌等。
Could I read this letter to/for you (= read you this letter) ?
我给你读一读这封信好吗？
Nicole sang several English songs for/ to us (= sang us several songs) by
request.
妮可应要求为我们唱了几首英文歌曲。
（3）跟复合宾语的及物动词
在宾语中有些动词只跟一个宾语意义不完整，宾语后必须再加上一个
成分（宾语补足语），其意义才完整。
Keep the window open.
让窗户开着。
The noise almost drove me mad.
噪音几乎使我发疯。
2. 连系动词
连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词后一般可跟名词、形容词等作表语。
1）状态连系动词
表明主语的性质、状态、身份的连系动词称为状态连系动词。常见的此类连系动词主要
有：
be是，appear看起来，continue继续，feel感觉，keep保持，lie躺，look看上去，remain
依然等。
The weather continued hot after the rain.
雨后，天气依然非常热。
The house stood empty for years.
这个房子多年空着。
2）转变或结果连系动词
有一些连系动词表示主语性质或状态的变化。常见的此类连系动词主要有：
become变得，come成为，fall变为，get变得，grow长得，go变得，turn变得，prove
证明等。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
天气变得越来越暖和了。
It's a week since she fell ill.
她病了一星期了。
3.持续性动词和非持续性动词
1）持续性动词：持续性动词又称延续性动词，表示一种可以持续的动作或状态。
常见的持续性动词有：
drink喝，eat吃，fly飞，have有，keep保持，know知道，lie躺着，live
住，play玩，rain下雨，read读，run跑等。
2）非持续性动词：非持续性动词又称终止性动词，表示行为或过程是短暂时间内完成的。
常见的非持续性动词有：
arrive到达，begin开始，buy买，borrow借，break打破，cause导致、
引起，close关闭，come来，die死，fall倒，go走，hit击中等。
4.助动词
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独用作谓语，只协助主要动词表示时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调等。常用的助动词有be, have, do, shall, will, should, would。
I was having dinner when you called.
你打电话时我正在吃晚饭。
I have studied in Brisbane for a year.
我在布里斯班上学一年了。
My parents phoned that they would arrive the next day.
我父母打电话说他们第二天会到的。
注意：1）will, would, shall, should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。
2）shall, should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时，在现代英语中常分别用will, would 替代。
5.非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、动名词和动词不定式四类。
II 动词的形式
英语中动词有三种变化形式，即一般现在时第三人称单数，规则动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
1.一般现在时的第三人称单数的构成
1）一般动词加-s : help →helps
2）以s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词，加-es : express → expresses; wash → washes
watch → watches; do → does
3）以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-es : apply → applies; carry → carries
2.规则动词的过去式、过去分词的构成
1）一般情况下加-ed : help → helped → helped
look → looked → looked
work → worked → worked
2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，加-d : like → liked → liked
live → lived → lived
love→ loved → loved
3）以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed : try → tried → tried
study → studied → studied
cry → cried → cried
4）以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母后再加-ed : plan → planned → planned
stop → stopped → stopped
nod → nodded → nodded
3.现在分词的构成
1）一般情况下加-ing : buying, finding, meeting
2）以不发音的字母e结尾去e, 再加-ing : writing, deciding, coming
3）以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing : beginning, nodding, admitting, running, cutting, occurring, preferring
4）少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing : lying, tying, dying
5）以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词，直接加-ing : studying, trying
6）以ee结尾的动词直接加-ing : seeing, agreeing, fleeing
高考高频动词用法分类
1.常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford买得起；有能力做agree同意arrange安排
ask 要求；让beg请求fail失败
choose选择decide决定demand要求
determine决定expect期待fear害怕
hope希望manage设法offer提出
plan计划pretend假装promise许诺
refuse拒绝want想要wish希望
He can't afford to buy a new computer.
他买不起一台新电脑。
They managed to avoid an accident.
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高中英语常用动词用法总结
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高中英语情态动词讲解
一、情态动词用法 1.情态动词的具体用法 A.能干can/could do; (经过努力)能干be able to (have the ability to do, be capable of doing) B.必须干/不得不干must / have to do; 不许干：mustn’t do C.(经允许)可以干may/ might do; 不可以干：may not do D.应该干should /ought to/ be to/ be supposed to do E.将要干will/would/shall do; (按法律，许诺，命令，威胁，第二三人称中) 将干shall do F.(某段具体时间)常干would do; (现在不做，过去常做) used to do G.宁愿做would rather do; 最好做had better do; 不妨做might as well do H.需要做need do ; 敢做dare do 2.情态动词表猜测 A.一定是must be ;一定已经干了某事must have done sth.; 一定不是can’t/couldn’t be ; 一定没干过某事can’t/couldn’t have done sth. B.可能（不）是may/might (not ) be; 可能已经（没）干某事may/might (not) have done sth. 3.情态动词与虚拟语气 A.本应该干某事（带有批评责备之意）should/ ought to have done sth.；本不该做了某事而做了shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have done sth B.本不必干某事needn’t have done sth. C.本可以干某事can/could have done sth. D.本（不会）干某事would (not) have done sth. E.真希望做过某事would like to have done sth. F.Should 在表建议的从句中： (a)It’s high time that sb. should do/did sth (b)It’s important sb. (should) do sth. (c)I suggest sb. (should ) do sth. 二、理解情态动词 Lucy is an outgoing lady. She can play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she could play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has to do some sports because she must keep slim. “You shall get fat soon if you don’t take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends. As for her, an elegant lady should try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she might put on weight and she worried and decided to lose her weight. And these days she is always thinking that she may succeed soon if she tries all her best. However, she is always lack of time because she ought to take care of her children. One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must have