net-snmp在windows上的配置开发及详细的代码流程

一.安装及配置SNMP(win32环境)
1.下载

从https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,下载到最新的net-snmp(目前最新版本5.4.1)net-snmp-5.4.1.zip
2.解压编译

解压后,可以看到有一个win32目录,里面存放的是和win32环境相关的文件,有3个dsw:

libsdll.dsw 编译lib文件和dll文件的工程

win32.dsw 编译lib文件和工具文件如snmpget,snmpset的工程

win32sdk.dsw 类似于win32.dsw,区别在于:需要安装Platform SDK。如果需要agent能支持 interfaces等一些高级功能,必须用此工程编译。XPSP2 Platform SDK的下载地址

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,/msdownload/platformsdk/sdkupdate/XPSP2FULLInstall.htm

只需要安装Core SDK就可以了,安装完后需要从开始菜单中Register一下。

注意编译的顺序,最好先编译libsdll.dsw,把netsnmp.lib,netsnmpagent.lib,netsnmphelpers.lib,netsnmpmibs.lib,netsnmptrapd.lib文件先编译好,再编译win32sdk.dsw中的项目。
3.安装

运行win32目录下的install-net-snmp.bat批处理文件,会把上一步编译生成的文件及相关的头文件等拷贝到c:\usr目录。
4.配置

在c:\usr\etc\snmp目录添加配置文件snmpd.conf,添加如下内容:

rocommunity public

rwcommunity private

它表示的含义是,启动agent服务后,通过public共同体是只读的,private共同体可读也可写。

在命令行运行如下命令,将snmp注册为windows的服务:

cmd>”C:\usr\bin\snmpd.exe” –register -Lf "C:/usr/log/snmpd.log"

注册成功后可以在【控制面板】->【管理工具】->【服务】中看到刚注册的服务,服务名是:net-snmp agent
5.运行

cmd>net start “net-snmp agent”

如果正常,会得到启动服务成功的提示
6.验证

cmd>snmpget –v2c –c public localhost 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0

cmd> snmpset -v2c -c private localhost sysContact.0 = piyeyong

如果正常,会的到取得和设置成功的提示,出错会给出错误提示。
二.MIB文件编写

MIB文件会存放于C:\usr\share\snmp\mibs\目录下,是*.txt,纯文本文件,可以直接打开查看和更改。RFC1213中定义的MIB节点信息的定义存放与RFC1213-MIB.txt,这些节点是比较重要的,会经常用到。

如果要扩展MIB,应该定义在1.3.6.1.4.1(https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,.dod.internet.private.enterprises)子树下。自定义MIB的节点,只需要描述该节点的SYNTAX,ACCESS,STATUS,DESCRIPTION等属性及它属于父节点的第几个子节点即可。如下所示,为扩展MIB的一个简单例子:

PROBA-MIB DEFINITIONS::=BEGIN

IMPORTS

enterprises,OBJECT-TYPE,Integer32,TimeTicks

FROM SNMPv2-SMI

TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, DisplayString FROM SNMPv2-TC;



-- proba node


proba OBJECT IDENTIFIER::={enterprises 8888}



baseinfo OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { proba 1 }



-- company name

probaCompName OBJECT-TYPE

SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..255))

ACCESS read-only

STATUS mandatory

DESCRIPTION "The Name of company"

::={baseinfo 1}



-- company location

probaLocation OBJECT-TYPE

SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE (0..255))

ACCESS read-write

STATUS mandatory

DESCRIPTION "The Location of company"

::={baseinfo 2}



-- employee number

probaEmployeeNumber OBJECT-TYPE

SYNTAX INTEGER

ACCESS read-only

STATUS mandatory

DESCRIPTION "The number of employee"

::={baseinfo 3}

END
三.Agent端开发

在上一步中定义好MIB的结构后,现在就开始编码实现定义好的节点。net-snmp提供了一个MIB2C工具,利用它可以根据MIB的定义和配置文件自动生成*.c和*.h模板文件,然后只需要在相应位置添加对节点数据的处理就可以了。
1.配置net-snmp的perl模块

用使用mib2c工具,需要perl模块的支持,可以从https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,/ActivePerl下载,目前最新版是5.8.8

在net-snmp源文件的perl目录下,运行以下命令:

cmd>perl makefile.pl

如果成功,会生成makefile文件

cmd>nmake

cmd>nmake install

这时,会将net-snmp相关的perl模块编译好并安装到c:\perl\site\lib目录下。

注:有时候运行nmake会失败,把其它机器上安装好的c:\perl\site\lib目录下的文件拷贝过来,也可以运行。
2.用mib2c生成模板源代码

运行以下命令:

cmd>mib2c -c mib2c.scalar.conf baseinfo

会按照模板配置文件mib2c.scalar.conf生成baseinfo.h和baseinfo.c文件。注意:baseinfo是上一步在MIB中定义的proba下的一个节点。在baseinfo.c中有很多/* XXX 注释*/的地方,这些地方是需要我们修改,填上我们对节点数据的处理代码。
3.对read-only节点的代码修改

以probaCompName节点为例:

int

handle_probaCompName(netsnmp_mib_handler *handler,

netsnmp_handler_registration *reginfo,

netsnmp_agent_request_info *reqinfo,

netsnmp_request_info *requests)

{

/* We are never called for a GETNEXT if it's registered as a

"instance", as it's "magically" handled for us. */



/* a instance handler also only hands us one request at a time, so

we don't need to loop over a list of requests; we'll only get one. */



switch(reqinfo->mode) {



case MODE_GET:

snmp_set_var_typed_value

(requests->requestvb, ASN_OCTET_STR,

(u_char *)"proba" /* XXX: a pointer to the scalar's data */,

strlen("proba")/* XXX: the length of the data in bytes */);

break;





default:

/* we should never get here, so this is a really bad error */

snmp_log(LOG_ERR, "unknown mode (%d) in handle_probaCompName\n", reqinfo->mode );

return SNMP_ERR_GENERR;

}



return SNMP_ERR_NOERROR;

}

从上面的代码看出,只需在两处/* XXX 注释 */的代码处填上这个节点的数据即可,管理站在执行get命令时这个值会返回给管理站。
4.对read-write节点的代码修改

以probaLocation节点为例:



static char location[256];

void

init_baseinfo(void)

{

memset(location, '\0', sizeof location);

memcpy(location, "beijing", sizeof "beijing");

。。。。。。

}

int

handle_probaLocation(netsnmp_mib_handler *handler,

netsnmp_handler_registration *reginfo,

netsnmp_agent_request_info *reqinfo,

netsnmp_request_info *requests)

{

int ret;



/* We are never called for a GETNEXT if it's registered as a

"instance", as it's "magically" handled for us. */



/* a instance handler also only hands us one request at a time, so

we don't need to loop over a list of requests; we'll only get one. */



switch(reqinfo->mode) {



case MODE_GET:

snmp_set_var_typed_value(requests->requestvb, ASN_OCTET_STR,

(u_char *)location /* XXX: a pointer to the scalar's data */,

strlen(location)/* XXX: the length of the data in bytes */);

break;



/*

* SET REQUEST

*

* multiple states in the transaction. See:

* https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,/tutorial-5/toolkit/mib_module/set-actions.jpg

*/

case MODE_SET_RESERVE1:

/* or you could use netsnmp_check_vb_type_and_size instead */

ret = netsnmp_check_vb_type(requests->requestvb, ASN_OCTET_STR);

if ( ret != SNMP_ERR_NOERROR ) {

netsnmp_set_request_error(reqinfo, requests, ret );

}

break;



case MODE_SET_RESERVE2:

/* XXX malloc "undo" storage buffer */

if (0/* XXX if malloc, or whatever, failed: */) {

netsnmp_set_request_error(reqinfo, requests, SNMP_ERR_RESOURCEUNAVAILABLE);

}

break;



case MODE_SET_FREE:

/* XXX: free resources allocated in RESERVE1 and/or

RESERVE2. Something failed somewhere, a

nd the states

below won't be called. */

break;



case MODE_SET_ACTION:

/* XXX: perform the value change here */

if (0/* XXX: error? */) {

netsnmp_set_request_error(reqinfo, requests, SNMP_ERR_COMMITFAILED/* some error */);

}

break;



case MODE_SET_COMMIT:

/* XXX: delete temporary storage */

memcpy(location, requests->requestvb->buf, requests->requestvb->val_len);

location[requests->requestvb->val_len] = '\0';

if (0/* XXX: error? */) {

/* try _really_really_ hard to never get to this point */

netsnmp_set_request_error(reqinfo, requests, SNMP_ERR_COMMITFAILED);

}

break;



case MODE_SET_UNDO:

/* XXX: UNDO and return to previous value for the object */

if (0/* XXX: error? */) {

/* try _really_really_ hard to never get to this point */

netsnmp_set_request_error(reqinfo, requests, SNMP_ERR_UNDOFAILED);

}

break;



default:

/* we should never get here, so this is a really bad error */

snmp_log(LOG_ERR, "unknown mode (%d) in handle_probaLocation\n", reqinfo->mode );

return SNMP_ERR_GENERR;

}



return SNMP_ERR_NOERROR;

}

对于read-write节点的处理要复杂一点,对每一次管理站的set请求,代理站的处理会经过如下图所示的步骤:

从图中可以看出,通过这种机制,在处理出错的时候,可以根据需要实现回滚操作。
5.重新编译

按照一下步骤重新编译工程:

1)把baseinfo.h和baseinfo.c文件拷贝到net-snmp源文件下agent/mibgroup目录下;

2)打开win32sdk,将其添加到netsnmpmibssdk工程;

3)打开net-snmp源文件下win32目录下的mib_module_includes.h,添加:

#include "mibgroup/proba/baseinfo.h"

4)打开net-snmp源文件下win32目录下的mib_module_inits.h,添加:

if (should_init("baseinfo")) init_baseinfo();

5)重新编译netsnmpmibssdk工程和snmpdsdk工程,把生成的snmpd.exe拷贝到c:\usr\bin,netsnmpmibs.lib拷贝到c:\usr\lib
四.管理站开发

以获取sysName节点为例:

struct snmp_session session, *ss;

struct snmp_pdu *pdu;

struct snmp_pdu *response;



oid anOID[MAX_OID_LEN];

size_t anOID_len = MAX_OID_LEN;



struct variable_list *vars;

int status;



/*

* Initialize the SNMP library

*/

init_snmp("snmpapp");



/*

* Initialize a "session" that defines who we're going to talk to

*/

snmp_sess_init( &session ); /* set up defaults */

session.peername = "loc

alhost";



/* set up the authentication parameters for talking to the server */



#ifdef DEMO_USE_SNMP_VERSION_3



/* Use SNMPv3 to talk to the experimental server */



/* set the SNMP version number */

session.version=SNMP_VERSION_3;



/* set the SNMPv3 user name */

session.securityName = strdup("MD5User");

session.securityNameLen = strlen(session.securityName);



/* set the security level to authenticated, but not encrypted */

session.securityLevel = SNMP_SEC_LEVEL_AUTHNOPRIV;



/* set the authentication method to MD5 */

session.securityAuthProto = usmHMACMD5AuthProtocol;

session.securityAuthProtoLen = sizeof(usmHMACMD5AuthProtocol)/sizeof(oid);

session.securityAuthKeyLen = USM_AUTH_KU_LEN;



/* set the authentication key to a MD5 hashed version of our

passphrase "The Net-SNMP Demo Password" (which must be at least 8

characters long) */

if (generate_Ku(session.securityAuthProto,

session.securityAuthProtoLen,

(u_char *) our_v3_passphrase, strlen(our_v3_passphrase),

session.securityAuthKey,

&session.securityAuthKeyLen) != SNMPERR_SUCCESS) {

snmp_perror(argv[0]);

snmp_log(LOG_ERR,

"Error generating Ku from authentication pass phrase. \n");

exit(1);

}



#else /* we'll use the insecure (but simplier) SNMPv1 */



/* set the SNMP version number */

session.version = SNMP_VERSION_1;



/* set the SNMPv1 community name used for authentication */

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,munity = (u_char*)"public";

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,munity[6] = '\0';

https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,munity_len = 6;



#endif /* SNMPv1 */



/* windows32 specific initialization (is a noop on unix) */

SOCK_STARTUP;



/*

* Open the session

*/

ss = snmp_open(&session); /* establish the session */



if (!ss) {

snmp_perror("ack");

snmp_log(LOG_ERR, "something horrible happened!!!\n");

exit(2);

}



/*

* Create the PDU for the data for our request.

* 1) We're going to GET the system.sysDescr.0 node.

*/

pdu = snmp_pdu_create(SNMP_MSG_GET);



read_objid(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0", anOID, &anOID_len);

//get_node("sysDescr.0", anOID, &anOID_len);



snmp_add_null_var(pdu, anOID, anOID_len);



/*

* Send the Request out.

*/

status = snmp_synch_response(ss, pdu, &response);



/*

* Process the response.

*/

if (status == STAT_SUCCESS && response->errstat == SNMP_ERR_NOERROR) {

/*

* SUCCESS: Print the result variables

*/

for(vars = response->variables; vars; vars = vars->next_variable)

print_variable(vars->name, vars->name_length, vars);



/* manipuate the information ourselves */

for(vars = response->variables; vars; vars = vars->next_variable) {

int count=1;

if (vars->type == ASN_OCTET_STR) {

char *sp = (char *)malloc(1 + vars->val_len);

memcpy(sp, vars->val.string, vars->val_len);

sp[vars->val_len] = '\0';

printf("value #%d is a string: %s\n", count++, sp);

free(sp);

}

else

printf("value #%d is NOT a string! Ack!\n", count++);

}

} else {

/*

* FAILURE: print what went wrong!

*/



if (status == STAT_SUCCESS)

fprintf(stderr, "Error in packet\nReason: %s\n",

snmp_errstring(response->errstat));

else

snmp_sess_perror("snmpget", ss);



}



/*

* Clean up:

* 1) free the response.

* 2) close the session.

*/

if (response)

snmp_free_pdu(response);

snmp_close(ss);



/* windows32 specific cleanup (is a noop on unix) */

SOCK_CLEANUP;



注意:需要引用以下头文件:

#include

#include

#include

链接netsnmp.lib:

#pragma comment(lib, "netsnmp")

使用的编译环境为VC++https://www.360docs.net/doc/4416381346.html,

需要把netsnmp.lib所在的目录添加到【附加库目录】中,Release版的【代码生成】->【运行时库】选择【多线程 DLL (/MD)】,Debug版选择【多线程调试 DLL (/MDd)】;

Stdafx.h中添加:

#include

【MFC的使用】选择【使用标准 Windows 库】

在编译的过程中发现,不仅要把net-snmp原文件夹下include目录添加到【附加包含目录】,还需要把win32目录也添加进去,因为win32\net-snmp\library下有一个snmpv3-security-includes.h文件。
五.其它注意事项

1. 如果是采用下载可执行文件安装net-snmp时,Net-SNMP Agent Service项选择Standard agent,否则无法从管理器上读取到Agent的System等节点下的信息。
使用SNMP++提供的一个C#组件。控制面板添加安装组件中添加SNMP组件后,system32目录下会增加许多*.mib文件,如dhcp.mib,这些文件是mib库,存放的是OID与名字和描述的对应关系,相当于DNS。有了这些文件,在SNMP++.net开发包中,调用MIB类的loadDirectoryMib方法,就可以载入这些对应关系了。

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