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Unit 1 Text 1 Road Building Task 1. 1.the relationship between road building and economic development 2.grain and cotton 3.grew grain grew cotton 4.fast and convenient 5.to transport grain and cotton Task 2. 1. A booming trade in grain and cotton. 2.Because of the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. 3.The farmers got laborers from Africa. 4.Because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from on place to another. 5.They built roads and collected fees. Text 2 The Mississippi River in America Task 1 https://www.360docs.net/doc/443357304.html,ke Itasca in Minnesota 2.about 4, 000 kms. 3.flooding in summer 4.floodways, dams, levees and reservoirs 5.holding water and generating electricity Task 2. 1.21 US states. 2.It flows from the North to the Gulf of Mexico 3.They are empty channels. When the Mississippi is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. 4.They are earthen walls built alongside a river, holding the water and keeping it from overflowing. 5.Sine the 20th century. Unit 2 Text 1 An eyewitness to changes in China Task 1 1. a foreigner’s perception of China’s reform and development. 2.working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people 3.1) it had established extremely close and unbreakable relations with the people 2) its soldiers had a shared vision of a bright future 4. 1) study Chinese reality

学术综合英语unit

His Politeness Is Her Powerlessness Deborah Tannen There are many different kinds of evidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the same way. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it is used by a man, it is seen as powerful. Often, the labeling of “women?s language” as “powerless language” reflects the view of wo men?s behavior through the lens of men?s. 他这样说是彬彬有礼，她这样说是低微无能 黛博拉·塔嫩各种各样的证据表明：即使女性和男性说话方式相同，人们对他们的看法还是不同。这种倾向导致有关女性、男性和有无能耐的讨论纷争不断。女性说话讲究方式方法被认为是低微无能，而换成男性则被认为是有能力的表现。视女性的语言为低微无能者的语言常常反映出男性看女性行为的视觉角度。 Because they are not struggling to be one-up, women often find themselves framed as one-down. Any situation is ripe for misinterpretation.This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women?s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless.Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief comment in a newspaper article in which a couple, both psychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaning of “being very polite.” The two experts responded simultaneou sly, giving different answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.” Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender. 女性不为高人一等而拼搏，往往就被认为是低人一等。在任何情况下都极易发生误会。这也说明了为什么专家和非专家常常把女性以友善语言表述出来的思维方式曲解成低微无能的表现。没有什么能比一家报社刊登的采访片段更能清楚地说明这种根深蒂固的歧义。采访对象是一对心理学家夫妇，当记者问他们“表现得非常有礼貌”的含义时，这两位专家同时给出不同的答案。男性回答说：“服从。”女性回答说：“敏感。”两位专家都是正确的，只不过每个人描述的是不同性别的观点。 Experts and nonexperts alike tend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The same newspaper article quotes another psychologist as saying, “A man might ask a woman, …Will you please go to the store?? where a woman might say, …Gee, I really need a few things from the store, but I?m so tired.?” The woman?s style is called “covert,” a term suggesting negative qua lities like being “sneaky” and “underhanded.” The reason offered for this is power. The woman doesn?t feel she has the right to ask directly. 专家和非专家都习惯把女性的任何行为看为低微无能的表现。以上同一篇报刊文章援引另一位心理学家的话说：“一个男人会这样问一个女人：…请你去一趟商店好吗??同样的情况下女人会说：…哎，我真的需要从商店买点东西，但是我实在太累了。?” 女性的这种表达方式被称为“隐蔽的”，该词含有“鬼祟”和“秘密”等贬义，而这样表述的原因归咎于一个“权”字，女人觉得她没有权利直接提出要求。 Granted, women have lower status than men in our American society. But this is not necessarily why they prefer not to make outright demands. The explanation for a woman?s indirectness could just as well be her seeking connection. If you get your way as a result of having demanded it, the payoff is satisfying in terms of status: You?re one-up because others are doing as you told them. But if you get your way because others happened to want the same thing, or because they offered freely, the payoff is rapport. You?re neither one-up nor one-down by being