2016年考研真题
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese .You translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEKT. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to b e mentally healthy ;it it built into us that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a clou d, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem - confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives - the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health
allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles ,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for soving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought .(50) As you will come to see ,knowing that mental heath is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
46. We don’t have to learn how to be ment ally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.
【句子结构】此句中分号连接了两个并列句。第一个句子中how to be mentally healthy作learn的宾语。第二个句子主干是it is built into us，in the same way引导状语从句说明built into us的方式，that引导定语从句修饰way，其中定语从句中how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone作know的宾语。
【参考译文】我们无需刻意去学习怎样才能让心理健康；它正如我们的身体知道怎样愈合伤口和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的/是我们与生俱来的能力。
47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind
a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
【句子结构】此句中分号连接了两个并列句。第一个句子是简单句，第二个句子中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语，but连接两个转折关系的并列分句，在翻译时要注意be hidden from和be capable of 的被动语态的翻译方法。
【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见；就像云朵背后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也可以在瞬间重焕光芒。
48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
【句子结构】该句主干是Mental health allows us to view others，三个并列with引导的介词短语做状语，前两个with引导的状语中各包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，最后一个with状语中包含一个no matter引导的让步状语从句。
【参考译文】心理健康使我们在他人遇到麻烦时给予同情，在他人痛苦时心存善意，而且无论对方是谁都会给予无条件的关爱。
49. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
【句子结构】本题有一个由although引导的让步状语从句，as引导的原因状语从句，以及that引导的宾语从句构成。此处“mental health”若是翻译成心理健康与下文连接，则不符合中文表达习惯，又因mental本身与智力相关，所以将其翻译成“健康的心智”；此外“perfectly ordinary”可以正译，译为“非常普遍”，本译文采取正话反说的方式，译为“并不稀奇”。“difficult decisions”若翻译为“困难的决定”，不符合中文的表达方式，所以将decision，名词译为动词“做决定”。
【参考译文】尽管拥有健康的心智是我们生活中的万能药，但它并不稀奇，你会发现在你难以做决定时，它一直在指引着你。
50. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
【句子结构】该句由as引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句组成，并且考察代词“it”。“see”在该句中是“了解”而不是“看到”的意思，前后的knowing可合并翻译；“available”本意“可得到的”，该句中意译为“一直存在的”。
【参考译文】你会慢慢理解到，明白健康的心智会一直存在，并且坚信这一点，那么此刻我们就可以放慢生活节奏，快乐地生活。
Section III Writing
Part A
Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students
with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.
Do not write the address .(10 points)
【范文】
Notice
August 20, 2015
To ensure students from overseas to be acquainted with the service of library in Beijing University, we write this notice to inform you of some relevant information about our library.
To begin with, our library provides a large amount of books and materials covering not only most majors and subjects, but also many extra-curricular reading materials, thus satisfying all your reading requirements. Furthermore, the library opens during the week time, each day from 9:00am to10:00pm. Last but not least, only students enrolled in this university and with a special Library Card are allowed to enter our library.
Anyone interested in studying or reading in our library should sign up before August 31, and the Library Card will be issued within a week.
Library of Beijing University
【解析】
今年英语（一）的小作文，再一次考查到了通知。在英语（一）的考试中，通知已经考查过1次。例如2010年英语（一）就考查过代表研究生会写一篇为国际会议招募志愿者的通知，而且2015年英语（二）考查的也是招募志愿者的通知。
同是以图书馆为写作背景，在2007年英语（一）的建议信中也已经考查过，所以相关表达在课堂上都已经涉及过。因此，只要根据2010年通知的格式，再结合2007年建议信的相关内容，就可以很轻松的写出2016年的小作文。这就提醒我们2017届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是应用性短文会反复考查。
接下来，我们来详细解读今年的小作文。首先看一下题目要求：Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
小作文，即A节作文的评分侧重点在于：1. 格式和语域的恰当性；2. 信息点的覆盖面；3. 内容的组织；4. 语言的准确性。
在这里，我们主要从格式和内容两方面来解析此文。首先，从格式上来说，通知的格式包括四大部分：
1、标题，通知要求必须有标题，可以直接用Notice做标题，注意首字母大写，且标题要居中；
2、时间，通知的时间要求在标题下方第二行，按照日月年的顺序来写，注意月与年之间要有逗号，且时间要靠右对齐；
3、正文，通知正文要求首段缩进四个字符，不要求一定分段，但为了内容层次清晰，建议分三段为好。
4、落款，落款即发布通知的单位，此处需要特别注意，根据题目的要求，考生是代表图书馆写的通知，所以落款应该是某某图书馆，而非Li Ming本人。
另外，从内容上来看，作为一名图书管理员，要向学生介绍学校的图书馆，其实可以介绍的内容还有很多，比如图书馆的藏书、图书馆的开放时间、入馆要求等等。所以内容部分对大家来说应该也不是难事，具体内容可以参考如上范文。
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should
1. describe the pictures briefly,
2. interpret its intended meaning, and
3. give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points)
【范文】
What is symbolically depicted in the caricatures carries sharp contrast implications. In the first drawing, a father is watching a football match on the sofa. Meanwhile, he is supervising his son to finish homework. It is obvious that his son wears frowned expression on his face. On the contrary, the second portrayal depicts a father is working earnestly besides his son, and his son is doing his own assignment without prodding.
The drawer demonstrates that utmost significance should be attached to the phenomenon that setting proper examples has exerted great impact on the growth of the younger generation in China. Previously, it is widely acknowledged that parents are under obligation to help their kids form a set of appropriate values about the world and the life, which carries overwhelmingly precious connotation to the sound development on the younger generation. Simultaneously, there is no denying that the most rational method for adults to educate adolescents is to set them good
examples rather than making perpetual requirements, which is less persuasive compared with the actions.
Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten parents to be more advisable in educating their children. On the other hand, parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models
for their juveniles. Only in this way, can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for adolescents.
六类英语长难句结构分析
其实，再长的句子都可以回归为简单句。而英语中最常见的简单句的类型就是：主语＋谓语＋宾语或主语＋系动词＋表语。所谓长句只是在简单句的基础上把句子加长，比较常见的有如下几种情形：
①在主语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同谓语从句；
Eg: 1. Students who go abroad for further study often should have the ability to live independently. 这个句子的主语中心语是students, 主语之后是一个定语从句。
Eg: 2. Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London. 这个句子的主语中心语是reports, 中心语之后又嵌套了一个同谓语从句，这个句子的特殊之处在于，由于主语部分太长，为了平衡句子，把整个句子的谓语放在了主语部分之前，主语的中心语之后。
②整个主语部分由一个句子充当，即主语从句；
Eg: That the ancient Egyptians actually sailed to South America remains uncertain.这个句子的主语是一个由that引导的完整的句子。
③在宾语的中心语上嵌套一个定语从句或者同谓语从句；
Eg: I cherish the dream that one day I will be amply and justifiably rewarded as long as I work ceaselessly. 这个句子的宾语中心语是dream，宾语中心与之后跟的是一个同谓语从句。这个句子希望成为每一位读者的信条。
④整个宾语部分由一个句子充当，即宾语从句；
Eg: The workers claimed that their legal rights should be guaranteed.
本句是由一个句子充当了主句的主语。
⑤以状语修饰主句谓语动词或者修饰整个句子，通常状语由副词，介词短语，分词，不定式或者一个句子（状语从句，非限制性定语从句）来充当；
Eg: Reconstructed with the aid of the money and enthusiasm of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Colonial Williamsburg is not only a brilliant example of an American style in historical monuments. 这个句子由分词引起前置状语，真正的主干是逗号之后的部分。
⑥插入语。插入语往往是对句子中的某一个词，某一个概念做一个补充说明。插入语的位置比较灵活，但它有明显的标志：即用两个逗
号隔开或者两个破折号隔开；
Eg: Can deception—pretending that something is true when it is not—sometimes have good results?
这个句子在主语和谓语之间插入了一部份内容，它客观上影响了句子的理解。这一部分插入语的作用是对主语做出了进一步的解释。
在近几年高中英语考试中对学生英语能力水平的考查呈上升趋势。以前在大学英语学习中出现的长难句已经出现在高中课本及试题当中，个别长难句成为理解课文中心及出题的关键所在(这一点在阅读理解中显得尤为突出)。虽然从高中阶段整个英语学习来看，长难句占的比重不是太大，但由于其结构复杂，语句难懂等原因，在学习过程中给大部分学生的学习带来了极大的阻碍。其实只要摆正心态并掌握一定的方法，长难句还是较容易解决的。
一、分析固定搭配
固定搭配在长句中多用于连接句子与句子或分句与分句，如as...as...， more than (more... than)， either... or...等。这些词在简单句中较容易识别，但在长句中这些词之间的跨度较长，增加了分析的难度。请看这个句子：
Scientists attempt to explain these phenomena in terms of social relationships either between the richer and the poorer or between those already succeeded and those who make nothing．“Scientists attempt to explain these phenomena”为该句的主干。后面的部分是in terms of作状语来修饰主句中的动词不定
式。固定搭配either... or...连接两个between... and...来修饰relationships。至此，本句的结构已非常清晰了。该句可理解为：科学家们试图对这些现象做出解释，所依据的要么是“the richer”与“the poorer”之间的关系，要么是“those already succeeded”与“those who make nothing”之间的关系。
二、分清主谓结构及各种从句
长句突出的特点之一是从句较多，成分复杂。有些学生在分析一句话时发现了好几个谓语，这说明对句子的理解出现了问题。其实，只要我们在分析句子时找准主干，然后再对其他成分进行划分，就能理清句子的脉络。如在高中课本中有这样一句：
The answer seems to be that we have a need to study in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing．
由于该句的结构表面上看起来很复杂，很多学生在分析的时候弄错了。该句的主干其实就是“answer seems to be...”。很显然，后面是一个表语从句和一个由no matter where所引导的让步状语从句。
三、注意标点符号和插入成分
在汉语中，插入成分一般用破折号或括号来表示出来，而英语则多用逗号或破折号。因此，我们在分析长句时一定要注意标点符号的运用。现举一例来说明：
The appreciation of ancient Chinese poems by the difficulty, even rare satisfying translations， of completely conveying the original structure and tone．
这句话的关键在于插入语把句子的完整性给打乱了。我们在分析该句时可把中间的插入语“even rare satisfying translation”提出来，这样句子就变成The appreciation of ancient Chinese poems has been limited by A and B结构，自然清楚易懂了。
一般来说，插入语多介入两个破折号或两个逗号之间，我们解决的办法是缓读甚至不读(尤其在阅读理解试题中，在句子主干中捕捉
到的重要信息已足够了)。
四、分析平行结构
平行结构较简单，多用表并列的连词如and，but，as well等将几个简单句连接在一起。我们在分析这类句子时只要注意相关并列连词就不会出现太大的问题。
以上简要地谈了一下句子结构分析的几点方法，当然，要准确地去分析、理解较复杂的句子决非易事，这更需要我们平时精心的分析和大量的练习。
文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件，只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此，读懂句子是读懂文章的基础，也是我们做对题目的关键。当然，读懂句子需要我们具备一定的语法知识，而语法又是让同学们感到最为头痛东西。但是我们要知道，在
英语文章阅读中，语法归根结底是为我们读懂文章而服务的，只要能够掌握基本的语法规律，无障碍的读懂复杂的句子，语法的任务就圆满的完成了。那些挣扎并纠结在复杂语法中的同学们则是掉进了语法学习的误区。下面就来介绍句子的基本结构以及读懂句子的快捷方法。
英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
1、简单句
简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语；I hate grammar.
主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)； Grammar sucks.
主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.
所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语（或表语），有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。
I hate grammar, / while he loves it. （以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子）
3、主从复合句
主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。
说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
形容词性从句（定语从句）：限制性，非限制性
副词性从句（状语从句）：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果
看到这里，可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了，其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过，对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单，你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了，从句做什么成分，就是个什么功能的从句。
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. （表语）
What the ugly man chooses is living alone.（主语）
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.（宾语）
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. （同位语）
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.（定语）
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.（状语）
在阅读这样的复杂句的时候，首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始，到哪儿结束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
介绍完句子结构，就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了，那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取，因为主干是句子的精髓所在，然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主语从句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表语从句】
首先找到句子主干成分："One of the results was..."很明显的主系表结构，that 引导的显然是个表语从句，表语从句中又有一个由What引导的主语从句，主干结构是"...was firmly established." 最后再加上修饰成分，句子就很容易分析了，也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了：两个派别斗争的结果之一是：直到1890年，这个曾经被称作"美国的"、"本土的"、或者偶尔被称作是"纽约
的"美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派，以哈德逊河学派命名被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法，如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识，了解了句子的成分构成，先提取主干，抓住句子精髓，再看从句和其他部分，理清各个部分之间的关系，任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。