最新人教版英语八年级下册Unit1知识点
最新人教版英语八年级下册Unit1知识点
A
1.advice n. 建议，忠告，劝告
(1)advice是不可数名词，表示“一条建议”“两条建议”“一些建议”可用：
a piece of advice；two piece of advice；some advice
(2)advice作名词时的常用搭配：
①ask sb. for advice征询某人的建议
②give sb. some advice= give some advice to sb.给某人提出一些建议
③give advice on sth.在某方面给出建议
④take (follow) one’s advice接受某人的建议
e.g. He often gives us some advice.=He often gives some advice to us.
他经常给我们一些建议.
★例题：Your ______ is very helpful. I guess I’ll take it.
A. secret
B. advice
C. promise
D. purpose
答案：B
秘密；建议；承诺；目标.由下句“我想我会采纳.”可知“你的建议很有用”.
2.What’s the matter?怎么了?
(1)该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦，或医生及护士询问病人身体情况，常与wit h连用，后跟sb./sth.，意为“某人或某物怎么了?”
e.g.——What’s the matter (with you)? (你)怎么了?
——I lost my pen./I have a cold. 我把我的钢笔弄丢了./我感冒了.
(2)“(你)怎么了?”各种常见表达：
What’s the matter (with you)?
=What’s the trouble (with you)?
=What’s the problem(with you)?
=What’s wrong (with you)?=What’s up?
=What happened?
★例题：——Nick is not at school. _______?
——He has a cold.
A. Who’s that
B. What’s the matter
C. How old is he
D. How much is it
答案：B 句意：——Nick没来上学.怎么回事? ——他感冒了.
①此类句型中，matter，problem前需加定冠词the，trouble前可加the或形容词性物主代词；wrong是形容词，其前不加任何修饰词.
②此类句型中，what即为句子主语，本身构成陈述语序，故当句子以宾语从句身份出现时，不可将be移至the matter/trouble/problem之后.
3.have a stomachache胃疼
(1)have +a(n)+名词，表示患某种病
e.g. have a cold感冒have a toothache牙疼
have a fever发烧have a headache头疼
拓展：sore与pain也可用于表示疾病的短语
e.g. have a sore throat(back/knee…)嗓子疼(背疼/膝盖疼…)
have a pain in the back(foot/knee…)背疼(脚疼/膝盖疼)
(2)stomachache可数名词，意为“胃疼；腹疼”，是由名词stomach(胃；腹部)加ach e(疼痛)构成的复合名词.
“身体部位+ache”构成疾病名称
headache头疼toothache牙疼backache背疼
★例题：——Mom，I _____.
——I’m so rry to hear that，dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.
A. have a headache
B. have a stomachache
C. have a toothache
答案：C 由下文“dentist”可知孩子牙疼.
4.foot n. 脚
foot作为可数名词用，其复数形式是feet.
e.g. This kind of animal has four feet.这种动物有四只脚.
(1)与foot变复数的变化形式相似的词还有：tooth-teeth牙齿 goose-geese鹅
(2)on foot步行，固定短语，相当于walk.
e.g. We came here on foot.=We walked here.我们走着来这儿的.
5.fever n. 发烧
e.g. Tom has a fever.汤姆发烧了.
(1)have a fever=have a temperature=run a fever发烧
e.g. I had a temperature last night.昨晚我发烧了.
★例题：Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _____.
A. cough
B. toothache
C. cold
D. fever
答案:D 由上文“南希量了一下体温”可知发现她发烧了.
(2)拓展：have a high temperature/fever发高烧
6.lie v. 躺，平躺
(1)lie的各种含义：
①lie v. 躺，位于，平放 lay-lain-lying
e.g. You should lie down.你应该躺下.
His school lies in the north of the city.他的学校位于城北.
②lie v. 说谎 lied-lied-lying
e.g. He often lies.他经常说谎
③lie n. 谎言 lies(复数)
e.g. He often tells lies.他经常说谎.
★例题：Look，there is a wallet _____ on the playground.
A. lie
B. lying
C. lay
D. lain
答案:B There be…doing sth.为固定句式，lie躺，位于，平放，其现在分词是lying.
(2)拓展：lay v. 下蛋，放置
e.g. The hens lay a lot of eggs every day.母鸡每天下很多蛋.
Please lay the table before dinner.饭前请摆好餐具.
7.rest v. & n. 放松；休息
(1)rest作及物动词，意为“使休息”，作不及物动词，意为“休息”.
e.g. You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.在大量阅读之后，你应该休息一下你的眼睛.
I’m tired，and I want to rest.我累了，我想休息.
(2)rest也可以作名词，have/take a rest=have/take a break，意为“休息一下”.
e.g. Students have a rest/break after each lesson.学生们每节课后都休息一下.
8.feel v. 摸起来
(1)feel常用作系动词，其后跟形容词作表语.其主要用法有：
①表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常要以被摸之物作主语，不可用于进行时态.
e.g. Your hand feels cold.你的手摸起来很凉.
Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来柔软平滑.
②表示某人的感觉，以人作主语，可用于进行时态.
e.g. I feel fine./I’m feeling fine.我感觉良好./我现在感觉良好.
(2)归纳：常用的感官动词:feel摸起来，look看起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来，smell闻起来.
(3)拓展：feel like +n. 意为“摸起来像…”
e.g. This wallet feels like leather.这个钱包摸起来像是皮的.
★例题：
A. sounds
B. tastes
C. feels
D. smells
答案：C 句意:这张床摸起来柔软而且舒服.
9.without prep. 没有，缺乏
(1)without后接名词、代词宾格或v.-ing作宾语，其反义词为with.
e.g. We got there without any trouble.
我们到了那儿，一路上没遇到任何麻烦.
Can you finish your homework without him?
没有他你能完成你的家庭作业吗?
She left the room without saying a word.
她一句话没有说就离开了房间.
★例题：The “teacher-free exam”means that s tudents take their exams _____ teachers. Students must be more honest.
A. without
B. against
C. through
D. by
答案：A
没有；反对；通过；被.由后句“学生们必须更加诚实”，可知“teacher-free
exam”意思是没有老师监考的测试.
(2)拓展：without用于否定句，还可以表示条件，意为“如果没有”，相当于if引
导的否定条件句.
e.g. We couldn’t live without air.=We couldn’t live if there weren’t air.
如果没有空气，我们就不能活.
★例题：W______ your help，I couldn’t have passed the exam.
答案:Without 句意：如果没有你的帮助，我不能通过考试.
10.hurt v. (使)疼痛；受伤
(1)hurt-hurt(过去式)-hurt(过去分词)
(2)hurt作及物动词，表示“使疼痛，受伤；使不快”，后接宾语.
e.g. You hurt her feelings because you forgot her birthday.
你伤了她的感情因为你忘记了她的生日.
A boy hurt himself in P.E. class.一个男孩在体育课上伤着自己了.
(3)hurt作不及物动词，表示“感到疼痛”.
e.g. My feet hurt. 我脚疼.
11. …when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
……，就在此时司机看到一位老人躺在路边.
(1)when引导时间状语从句，除常常有“当…时”之意外，放在过去进行时构成的主句之后，还以为“就在此时/那时；突然”相当于at this/that time.
e.g. He was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang.
他正要去沐浴间，这时(突然)电话响了起来.
★例题：They were playing soccer on the playground _______ the storm came.
A. as soon as
B. as long as
C. when
D. while
答案:C
句意：他们正在操场上踢足球，这时暴风雨来了.表示某一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，应用when，意为“在那时”.
(2)辨析：
①see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事(看见动作正在进行)
e.g. I saw him playing the piano in the music room just now.
我刚刚看见他正在音乐室弹钢琴.
②see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事(看见动作全过程或经常性的动作)
e.g. I often see him play basketball after school.
我经常看见他放学后打篮球.
(3)拓展：v. +sb. +doing/do的常见动词：
一感(feel)，二听(listen to， hear)，四看(see， look at， watch， notice)
★例题1：I see there two boys _____ (pass) my house every day.
答案:pass 句意：每天我都会看见这两个男孩经过我的房子.see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”
例题2：——I tried to make Alice _____ her mind but I found it difficult.
——Well，I saw you _____ that when I went past.
A. changed；do
B. changes；doing
C. change；to do
D.change；doing
答案:D
句意：——我尽力使艾丽斯改变她的主意，但我发现很难.——哦，但我经过的时候，我看到你正在那样做.make sb. do sth.使某人做某事；see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事.
12.get off下车
(1)get off 的反义短语是get on“上车”.
e.g. Don’t get on the No.8 bus.不要上8路公交车.
He got off at Guangming Road.他在光明路下车了.
(2)拓展：get的相关短语：
get up起床
get on登上(公共汽车、火车等)
get off下(公共汽车、火车、飞机)
get in进入(小汽车、出租车)
get out of从(小汽车、出租车等)下来
★例题：Steven，we should _____ the bus at the next stop.
A. get up
B. get off
C. get to
D. get in
答案:B 句意“斯蒂文，我们应该在下一站下车”.
13.to one’s surprise让某人吃惊的是
e.g. To his surprise，the plan succeeded.让他吃惊的是，那个计划成功了. surprise及其派生词的相关用法：
①surprise 动词 surprise sb.
e.g. I don’t want to surprise her.我不想让她惊讶.
②surprise 名词 to one’s surprise，give sb. a surprise，in surprise
e.g. Let’s give Mom a surprise!咱们给妈妈一个惊喜吧!
③surprising 形容词常修饰物
e.g. What surprising news!多么令人惊讶的消息呀!
④surprised 形容词常用人作主语，be surprised at sth.，be surprised to do sth.，be surprised that…
e.g. I was surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到意外.
⑤surprisingly 副词
e.g. She looked surprisingly well.她看上去身体出奇地好.
★例题：——How was your life in England?
——Quite different from here. _____ ， people there drink tea with milk.
A. In my opinion
B. To my surprise
C. At the beginning
答案:B 在我看来；使我吃惊的是；at the beginning (of…) 在(…的)开始.由语境可知，使我吃惊的是人们喝茶加牛奶.
14.trouble n. 问题；苦恼
trouble常用作不可数名词，相当于difficulty，意为“困难；苦恼”，常用短语及句
式：
(1)get (sb.) into trouble意为“(使某人)陷入困境”.
e.g. If I don’t clock in before 9，I’ll get into trouble!
我要是9点前没有上班打卡，我就会遇到麻烦的.
(2)be in trouble意为“陷入困境中”.
e.g. Now he is in trouble，we should go all out to help him.
现在他遇到了麻烦，我们应该全力以赴去帮助他.
(3)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.=have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”.
e.g. His son had trouble climbing up the hill.
他儿子爬这座山很困难.
(4)What’s the trouble (with you)? (你)怎么了?
★例题：——Sally is my best friend. She is always there whenever I’m _____.
——Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A. in order
B. in trouble
C. in public
答案:B
按顺序；深陷困境；在公共场合.根据最后一句“患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友”可知每当“我”身陷困境时，朋友总是在帮助“我”.
(5)拓展：trouble动词，表示“使烦恼，使忧虑；麻烦”.
e.g. Could I trouble you to open the door?能麻烦你开一下门吗?
15.hit v. (用手或器具)击；打
(1)hit-hit(过去式)-hit(过去分词)-hitting(现在分词)
e.g. The boy hit the dog with a stone.那男孩用一块石头打那只狗.
(2)hit后接人或物的部位时，常用如下结构：hit sb./sth. on/in +部位
e.g. She hit him on the head with her umbrella.她用雨伞打他的头.
注意：打在人体硬部位上用用介词on，软部位上用介词in，且结构中的定冠词通常不可用物主代词代替.
★例题：Don’t play near the window. The broken glass may _______ _______ _______ ________ ________(打到你的头).
答案：hit you on the head.
16.right away立即；马上
right away的同义词和同义短语分别是immediately和right now/at once.
e.g. He set off right away hearing the news.听到那个消息，他立即动身了.
★例题：My father will leave for England at once.
A. right away
B. at times
C. on time
D. just now
答案：A 马上；有时；按时；刚才.句意：我父亲将马上离开去英国.
B
1.take…to…带…去…
e.g. Don’t worry. I will take you to the bus stop.别担心，我将带你去公共汽车站.
(1)辨析：
①bring带来(带到说话人的地方)
e.g. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.
记得明天把你的作业带到学校来.
②take拿走(拿到远离说话人的地方)
e.g. Please take the books to the classroom.
请把这些书拿到教室去.
③carry扛，搬(任何方向)
e.g. Please carry the bag to my office.
请把这个袋子扛到我办公室.
④fetch去取来，去拿来(往返取物)
e.g. Don’t worry. I can fetch the key.
别着急，我能把钥匙拿来.
★例题：My parents usually ______ me ______ that park when I was young. We always enjoyed ourselves there.
A. took；to
B. fetched；from
C. brought；to
D. carried；from
答案:A
从说话处带到别的地方；去……取……；从别处带到说话人的地方；从……搬…….
(2)take的其他常用含义：
①take表示“乘坐某一交通工具”.
②take表示“花费”，常用句型：
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间.
③take意为“买”，当决定要买某物品时，可以说“I’ll take it/them.”.
④take表示“吃喝”时，与eat，drink，have意思相近；但表示“吃药”时，通常只用take.
2.be used to doing…习惯于做…
e.g. He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起.
辨析：
①g“习惯于做…”前者强调状态；后两者强调渐变的过程，其中to为介词，后接动名词doing.
e.g. He has been used to walking to school.
他已经习惯于步行去上学.
②used to do“过去常常”，后接动词原形.
e.g. He used to go to work on foot.
他过去常常步行上班.
③be used to do/for doing“被用于做…”是被动语态.
e.g. He used his knife to cut off his arm.=His knife was used to cut off his arm.
他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊.
★例题1：I used to _____ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I’m used to _____ a walk.
A. read；take
B. read；taking
C. reading；taking
D. reading；take
答案:B used to do sth.意为“过去经常做某事”；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”.句意：我过去晚饭后常常读报纸和看电视，但是现在我习惯散步.
例题2：——Do you know what a writing brush is?
——Yes. It’s used _____ writing and drawing.
A. with
B. to
C. for
D. by
答案:C be used for被用来做…，be used by sb.被某人使用.
3.run out用尽；耗尽
e.g. After a long walk，he ran out of his water.长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水.
辨析：
①run out是“动词+副词”型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词.
e.g. His money soon ran out.他的钱很快花完了.
②run out of作及物动词用(=use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人.
e.g. I have run out of my money before payday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱.
注意：run out of…其愿意为“从…中跑出”.
e.g. Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened.
很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事.
★例题：I will go to buy some paper. My paper has _____.
答案:C
出去；出版，出来；用完，耗尽；当心.句意：我要去买些纸，我的纸用完了. 4.So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
所以他用刀子将他的右臂切去了一半.
(1)knife用作名词，意为“小刀”，其复数形式为knives.类似有：
wife→wives妻子wolf→wolves狼
thief→thieves贼shelf→shelves架子
life→lives生命half→halves一半
leaf→leaves树叶
(2)cut
off意为“切除，切断”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语.后跟代词时，代词应放于c ut和off之间.
e.g. cut off the wire切断电线cut it/them off把它/它们切断
(3)拓展：与cut有关的短语：
cut up切碎cut down砍倒cut in line插队
cut…in two/half把…切成两半cut…into pieces把…切成碎片
5.so that以便，为了
(1)so that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等.
e.g. We went early so that we could get good seats.为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了.
★例题：I looked through my test paper again and again _____ I wouldn’t make any mistakes.
A. so
B. because
C. so that
答案:C 因此；因为；为了句意：为了不会出现错误，我把试卷检查了一遍又一遍.
(2)so that引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用“so as to(in order to)+动词原形”转化为简单句.
e.g. He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.=He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.为了赶早班公交车他起床很早.
(3)so that还可以与in order that互换.
e.g. He worked day and night so that/in order that he could succeed.
他夜以继日地工作为的是成功.
(4)so…that…表示“如此…以至于…”引导结果状语从句.
e.g. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
这个男孩太小还不能去上学.
6.mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲
(1)mean用作动词，意为“意思是”，后面可以跟that从句.
e.g. Do you mean that it’s none of my business?你的意思是它与我无关吗?
(2)拓展：
①mean名词形式为meaning，意为“含义；意思”，常用句型：What’s the meaning of…?.该句型可与What does/do… mean?进行同义句转换.
e.g. What’s the meaning of the word?=What does the word mean?
这个单词是什么意思?
②mean to do…打算做…
e.g. I mean to go tomorrow，but my father will not allow me to.
我打算明天去，但我父亲不会允许我去.
③mean doing…意味着做…
e.g. Doing that means wasting time.
做那件事意味着浪费时间.
7.decision n. 决定；抉择
decision常用于短语make a decision/decisions意为“作决定”.
make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.=make up one’s mind to do sth.决定做某事.
e.g. He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally.最后他决定去纽约.
★例题：It was very hard for me to make a _____， but I decided to leave my job. A. invitation B. decision C. plan D. discussion
答案:B
邀请；决定；计划；讨论.句意:对于我来说做出决定很难，但我决定辞职.
8.control n.& v. 限制；约束；管理
(1)be in control of为固定短语，意为“管理；掌管”.
e.g. A teacher must be in control of his class.老师必须掌控好自己的课堂.
Who’s in control of the project?谁是这个项目的负责人?
(2)拓展:control的其他相关短语：
under control在控制之下out of control失去控制
e.g. Everything is under control.一切在控制之下.
★例题：The car was out of _____ and hit a tree by the road.
A. danger
B. breath
C. control
D. practice
答案:C out of danger脱离危险；out of breath上气不接下气；out of cont失控；out of practice疏于练习.
9.keep on doing…继续、重复做…
e.g. Don’t keep on interrupting me.别老是跟我打岔.
(1)句型：
①keep doing sth.一直做某事
e.g. Keep smiling.保持微笑.
②keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.对不起让你久等了.
③keep on doing sth.继续/重复做某事
e.g. He kept on sitting down and standing up.他重复坐下又站起来.
(2)英语中后接doing作宾语的词(组)：
完成练习值得忙finish，practice，be worth，be busy
继续习惯放弃keep on，be used to，give up
考虑建议不禁想consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like
喜欢思念要介意enjoy，miss，mind
10.because of…由于…
(1)辨析：
①because 接从句
e.g. He is absent because he is ill today.他今天缺席，因为他病了.
②because of接名词，代词或动名词
e.g. He is absent today because of his illness.他今天缺席，因为他病了.
★例题：We didn’t have a sports meeting yesterday _____ the heavy rain.
A. because
B. unless
C. because of
D. across from
答案:C 句意：因为下大雨，昨天我们没有开运动会.介词of之后应跟名词.
(2)because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在一个英语句子中，只用其一，类似的词还有although(虽然)和but(但是).
e.g. Although he was tired，he still worked hard.
=He was tired，but he still worked hard.虽然他很累了，但他仍然努力工作.
11.give up放弃
(1)后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式.
e.g. You shouldn’t give up running.你不应该放弃跑步.
★例题：You should _____ smoking. It’s really bad for your health.
A. put up
B. give up
C. get up
D. set up
答案:B搭建；放弃；起床；建立.句意:你应该放弃吸烟吸烟真的有害身体健康.
(2)up在此短语中是副词，故give up与代词连用时，代词需放中间.
e.g. I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up.
我发现学好英语很难.我想放弃它.
(3)拓展:give其他相关短语：
give away赠送give back归还；恢复give in屈服
give off发出；放出give out分发
12.情态动词should的用法
(1)should“应当，应该”，表示义务、责任，后接动词原形，且无人称和数的变化，否定形式为shouldn’t.
e.g. You should obey the school rulers.我们应该遵守学校的规则.
You shouldn’t do that.你们不应该做那件事.
★例题：——Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books. ——That’s t oo bad. Everyone _____ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable. A. may B. should C. would
答案:B 可能；应该；会.句意：每个人应当成为书的爱好者.读书跟快乐.
(2)用于征求对方的意见，should表示“应当；应该”.此时，一般用于第一人称的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中.
e.g. Should I help her clean the park?我应该帮她打扫公园吗?
What should I do for them?我应该为他们做些什么?
13.反身代词
反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的.反身代词意为“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也可翻译为“亲自”、“自己”.
(2)反身代词的用法：
①作动词宾语或介词宾语
e.g. The boy can dress himsel
f.这个男孩能给自己穿衣服.
Take good care of yourself.好好照顾你自己.
②作主语或宾语的同位语
e.g. Mrs. Black herself is a lawyer.布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师.
You had better ask the driver himself.你最好问司机本人.
③作表语
e.g. Just be yoursel
f.做你自己就好了.
Mary hasn’t been herself recently.玛丽近来感到不适.
(3)反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系，在人称，性别和数上
保持一致.
e.g. The children are enjoying themselves in the park.孩子们正在公园里玩得很高兴.
★例题：They could look after _____ when they were six.
A. ourselves
B. themselves
C. yourselves
答案:B
句意：当他们六岁时就能够照顾自己了.主语时they，对应反身代词themselves.
(4)反身代词的常用短语：
teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快
help oneself to…随便吃/用…
look after oneself照顾某人自己
dress oneself给自己穿衣服
★例题：——Kate，I’m going to business. Please look after _____ w ell.
——Don’t worry，Mom. I will.
A. you
B. your
C. yourself
D. yourselves
答案:C your是形容词性物主代词，不能单独作宾语，故排除；look after yourself照顾你自己.