英语作文范文-英语写作中英汉表达差异
英语作文范文
英语写作中英汉表达差异
英汉表达差异中国人与西方人看问题方法在许多方面存在着差异，而且这种差异确确在束缚着中国学生，成为他们英文写作中拦路虎，使他们不能畅所欲言，不能准确而简洁地表达思想。因此，本文就大学英语写作中常出现问题谈谈英汉表达几种差异。
思维方式的差异一、首先，让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式不同。英美人思维方式是直线式，他们在遣词造句谋篇上遵循着从一般（general）到具体（specific），从概括（summarize）到举例（exemplify），从整体（whole）到个体（respective）原则。请看短文：
Soccer is a difficult sport.（1）A player must be able to run steadily without rest.（2）Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.（3）Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.（4）They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles．
上面这则短文中，主题句（main idea sentence）
也就是文章中心是第一句，（1）（2）（3）（4）句是用来说明主题句。而在汉语中，我们习惯于先分后总，先说原因后说结果，即所谓“前因后果”，如果要表达相同意思，我们通常这样说：
足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大运动。
再比如写下面一则便条，
因你母亲突然生病，周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。
此英语便条为：
July 6，2002
Dear Tom，
I am sorry to inform you that I won’t be able to go to dance with you this weekend. My mother is suddenly taken ill. In order not to disappoint you, I have asked Shi Dai to take my place. She is a better dancer, I think. My regrets.
Joe
从便条中可以看出，英语表达先“果”—I won’t be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”—my mother is suddenly taken ill，即所“先果后因”。
一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要观点、信息往往放在句末。如：
He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill．因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。
Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life．生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。所以说，大学生用英文写作时，就要按照英美人思维模式进行思考，也就是说要学会用英语进行思维，避免写出中国式英语。
英汉句子结构特点二、接下来，让我们看一下英汉句子结构特点。英语属印欧语系，汉语属汉藏语系，两种语言相距甚远，英语结构紧凑，汉语结构松散。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子，即英语句子是由断不可缺各种连接词衔接而成，宛如节节相连竹子；而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”，所谓流水指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说，英语重形和，汉语重意和。英语
句子中如果少了连接词如or，but，if，so，because，when，although ，in order that，so that，所要表达意思就支离破碎了，而汉语如没连接词，只从句子本身意思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如：Conquer the desires，or they will conquer you．你如不能战胜欲念，欲念将要战胜你。 An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China．一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行。
三、就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词广泛使用，使得英语中出现“多枝共干”式长句，复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。请看下面一个英语长句以及其汉意。
It was on a Sunday evening，when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem，that he heard the gate swing to，and saw the girl coming running among the trees，with the redcheeked， stolid Joe in swift pursuit．一个星期日傍晚，他正躺在果园里，一面在听画眉鸟啁啾，一面在写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门砰地关上，接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来，后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑红脸乔。这是个英语强调句，其重心是：he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl coming running among the trees．，而when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem是一个时
间状语从句，这两个句子通过it was...that...这个强调句型巧妙地合为一个复合长句，整个句子简单明了，结构紧凑，若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句。再如：The president said at a conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House．在一次记者招待会上问题集中于昨天选举结果总统就此发了言。他说他不能理解为什么共和党遭到了这样大失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院长期享有优势。
这个英语长句是由一个带有分词短语主句，两个宾语从句和一个非限制性定语从句组成，整个句子主干简单明了：The president said...that...，若用汉语来表达，须把此长句拆开分成三个单句来分别叙述。
四、英语另一个显著特点是被动句多。英语重物称，常常选择不能施行动作或无生命词语作主语，由于这些“无灵”物称充当主语，使得被动句大兴其道。在英语被动句里，不必强调动作施行者，就将其置于句尾由by连接；不必、不愿或不便言明动作施行者，就干脆将其省略。相对而言，汉语习惯于人称化表达，主语常常是能施行动作或有生命物体，所以汉语中主动句多。请看例句：
It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver．长期以来，大家知道心脏与肝脏关系是最主要。
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire．大火几乎使这家有名旅馆全部毁灭。
They were given a hearty welcome．他们受到热烈欢迎。
时态词汇五、英语又一显著特点是其丰富时态。不同语言具有不同时态，有语言甚至很少或没有时态，汉语基本上就是借助词汇来表示各种时间和动作，汉语动词除了只有“着”、“了”、“过”若干说法与英语进行时、完成时或过去时相对外，别无其他与英语相对应时体形式；而英语不仅有时态，而且种类繁多（共有16种时态），区分细微，习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定语法手段将动作进行过程与状况描绘得更准确更精细，有时甚至能表达说话人感情色彩。如：You’re always asking me such questions！你老是问我这样问题！（用现在进行时表示厌烦）。I am now living in a very pleasant flat．我现在住在一间非常舒适公寓里。（用现在进行时表示满意）所以，传递同样意思，英语只要选用合适时态就可以了，汉语则必须使用词汇手段。又如：It has been noted that those who live，or
have lived，in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do．人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁人或是死里逃生人对于他们所干任何事总是兴趣盎然。
六、从词汇方面讲，英汉两种语言也有很大差异。就词组而言，英语中词组或短语可谓林林总总，丰富多彩，有名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语与独立结构等，它们语法功能不一而足，可作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与表语等。如：Marriage may be compared to a cage：the birds outside despair to get in and those within despair to get out．婚姻好比鸟笼，外面鸟儿想进进不去，里面鸟儿想出出不来。（不定式短语to get in，to get out作状语）
I am utterly in the dark about the matter．我对这件事完全不知道。（介词词组in the dark作表语）。Christmas is coming up．圣诞节就要到了。（动词短语come up作谓语）。相比之下，汉语更偏重以单音节或多音节单词为其基本句法成分，而且其短语用法十分有限。
语言形成与发展深受本国、本土、历史、地理、风土人情等各方面影响，英语、汉语也不例外。英语中某些词含义并不完全与汉语对等，比如lover这个词，大多数中国人认为是“爱人”（丈夫
或妻子），其实在西方lover指是情夫或情妇；再比如First Lady，在英美等国指是总统夫人或州长夫人，而在中国常会被误解，认为是“原配夫人”，说不定还会有“二奶”、“三姨太”之类；又如intellectual这个词，在英美等国其范围较小，只包括大学教授等有较高学术地位人，不包括普通大学生，而多数中国人认为intellectual就是“知识分子”，而且汉语中知识分子所指范围很广，大学教师、中学教师、大学生、医生、工程师、翻译人员以及一切受过大学教育人都可以称为知识分子。
此外英语中许多词常常一词多义，它们所表达各个含义，分别与汉语中几个不同词或词组相对应，所以，在用英文写作时，一定要慎重地选词用词，以期贴切地表达思想。
综上所述，只有充分了解英汉表达各种差异，才会胸有成竹，下笔有神，行文流畅。
基础英文作文(中英饮食差异)
The Diet and Eating Habits of UK and China In those two old countries UK and China, the diet and eating habits have some differences and similarities. Eating habits is one of the most important elements in a country’s culture. So comparing the difference between UK and China’s eating habits will help us forward to learn about the culture of two countries. Although the two countries are far a port, both of UK and China also have a number of similarities. Traditionally, both countries have three meals in one day. It is a large coincidence that the two countries make the lunch become the most simply meal in modern society. The dinner very lucky has set the seat of biggest meal because it has long free times. Fast food is very popular in both countries. If you ask the two countries’children that this discourse will be proved. This fact is also a problem in those two different countries. For example, if you only have a little time to enjoy your lunch, may be you have to select fast food. The facts explained that no matter tradition or modern, countries’ eating habits always have several similarities. Because of different location, climate, history and custom, eating habits are decided have a big different between those two countries. Firstly, the UK belongs to west Europe in the Atlantic Ocean. It has made British people eat
比较对比类作文模板
比较/对比类作文模板 模板1： The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 模板2： Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you prefer—A or B? (1) No doubt, I choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages. But B on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages. The most important benefit of A is that________________. To achieve the same effect, B will__________________. Another benefit of A, which B almost cannot achieve, is that___________________. Although B also has its seemingly profound advantages, it can only be achieved conditionally because_________________________. After understanding the reasoning above, it is quite safe now to say: to choose A is a wise action. 模板3： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, contradict A. Personally, I would prefer__________ because I think A has more advantages. There are numerous reasons why________, and I would here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that___________. It can be given a concrete example_____________. Another reason why I advocate the attitude of A is that___________. Take the case of a thing that_______________. One very strong argument for A is that__________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that_____________________. Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, __________. But if all these factors are complicated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_________________.
高考英语作文类型及范文背诵
一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 Version 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
中英教育差异英语作文
The similarities and differences between British and Chinese education China has a long history in of education. The education system is being consummated gradually，While The Great Britain is the typical r epresentative of western educator, who owns more advanced education system . 第一段，就是开头，无实质性内容 No matter the education in the UK or in the china , education is the process through schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions, deliberately transmits its cultural heritage—its accumulated knowledge, values, and skills--from one generation to another. And the purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and other basic skills which they will need to become active members of society and build their future . 第二段，就是The similarities,但我也不知道该写什么，就差不多写的算是教育的本质概念吧，你说：“ 特别是第二段一会儿讲中国好一会儿讲英国好。 最好能分不同方面讲， 比如：从学生基础知识方面，学生实践能力方面分析。 或者从优缺点两方面讲，第一段讲中英教育分别有的有点第二段讲中英教育的缺点。。 这样文章更清晰一些。” 我觉得你是在说第三段吧， However there are tremendous differences about in education between United Kingdom and China. There are a number of phenomena to illustrate it. For example ,in China, students have to spend almost all their time on studying t heir major courses such as English, math, biology, geography and so on, which is boring. English, math, biology, geography and so on that are boring as their major courses W hile students in the UK are taught music, art and so on and they spend much free time on what they are interested in in the UK.；Morever, Teachers and students would like to be the friends in the UK. They enjoy discussing and solving questions in class .On the contrary in China teachers are over-strict.And Students are quiet and absolutely taught in class .；However the most attractive point in Chinese education system is that Chinese people emphasize the traditional knowledge, which makes the students have a solid foundation. While the western students learn slowly.
高中英语作文类型及范文.
作文类型及例文 一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。（09年高考题） 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 V ersion 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition. 二、标题作文 1．以“诚实是美德”(Honesty Is a Virtue)为题写一篇短文。短文的内容需包括： 1. 列举社会上的某些不诚实行为
考研英语写作模板：观点陈述类与解决问题类
考研英语写作模板：观点陈述类与解决问题类 本文为跨考教育英语教研室为2016考生准备的两类英语写作类型的基本模版，仅供考生参考。建议考生在以下模版的基础上根据自己的实际情况进行修改和调整，打造独一无二的专属模版。 一、观点陈述型 此类作文一般遵循如下模式：有人认为……另外一些人认为……,我的观点……。 模板1 There is a widespread concern over the issue that ______________________. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that ___________________________________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,________________________________. Furthermore, in the second place, _________________________. So it goes without saying that ___________________________.. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that______________________________. In their point of view, on the one hand，_____________________________________. On the other hand, __________________________. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___________________________.. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that ________________________.It is not only because _______________________, but also because ____________________. The more ___________________________, the more _______________________. So we should_______________________. 模板2 X is held in contempt by m any people. In these people’s eyes X is always _________________. They show great concern for the fact that _______________________, because for them _____________________________. Conversely, many people have an ardor for X. They argue that _______________________. This notion is unacceptable to those who _____________________ because they believe that ______________________________. In conclusion, my idea is that ____________________.
英汉构词法对比
英汉构词法对比 摘要：记忆大量的英文词汇对于英语学习者来说是一个巨大的绊脚石，但是从对比语言学的研究角度，比较英汉两种语言在构词法方面的异同，从最小的有意义的语言单位——语素的构成来分析词汇的构成，对于认识语言的内部结构特点、第二语言习得以及跨文化交际都起到举足轻重的作用。 关键词：构词法复合法拼缀法转化法对比语言学二语习得 1引言 对于很多英语学习者来说，其中的一大难题莫过于掌握丰富的英语词汇。掌握英语的构词规律，对于学习者来说具有十分重要的指导作用。如果再将英语的构词法和汉语的构词法进行比较，可以加深对两种语言本质及其异同的理解，从而更好地去掌握这两种语言。词汇是语言重要的物质基础，汉语的词汇较之于英语的词汇要更少，原因是英语的构词方法多样，致使词汇构成较灵活，因此，掌握英语的构词法对英语词汇的掌握及英语的学习都有重要的作用。下面笔者从几方面探讨英汉构词法的异同。 2对比语言学对英语学习的重要性 对比语言学是一门较年轻的语言学学科，其研究成果对第二语言习得、翻译、对外汉语教学、双语词典编纂等方面均起到重要的指导作用。著名语言学家吕淑湘先生在其《中国人学英语》与书中曾写道：“我相信，对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他们认识英语和汉语的差别，在每一个具体问题——词性、词义、词语范畴、句子结构上，都尽可能用汉语的情况来跟英语作比较，让他们通过这种比较得到更深刻的领会。”英语作为一门外语，要想学好并正确的运用英语，应该从横向了解英语的语言结构，语言环境等。在讲授英语的过程中，适当的对比英语与汉语在基本知识方面的异同，例如语音，词语构成，句子结构，语篇分析，修辞，文化等，有利于学生更深刻的理解英语，以至于更好的掌握和使用。 3英汉构词法对比
中考英语作文常见类型解析及范文-旅游与介绍地方
中考英语作文常见类型解析及范文- 旅游与介绍地方中考高频率话题，出题形式灵活。 典型例句： 1. Last Sunday（Saturday,…）,it was sunny（rainy, windy, foggy,） 2. I got up very early （late）。After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus ，… 3. We enjoyed ourselves。 4. We forgot the time. We didn"t come back until 5 o"clock。 5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy。 6. I thought I would never forget this trip。 7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。 8. We visited a lot of places of interest。 9. We had a good time there。 10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。 例文：中考学习小组中考必备！ 1、（四川自贡）北京将迎来的奥运会，请以主人的身份向外国朋友介绍一下北京和北京几个著名的景 点。根据以下提示写一篇短文。 1.北京是一个历史悠久的城市； 2.北京有许多名胜古迹； 3.紫禁城是最受来宾欢迎的景点之一； 4.故宫非常漂亮和著名； 5.长城也是非常美丽可去一看的地方 6.天安门广场是一个好去处，可去漫步。 注：⑴字数80左右。⑵请不要逐字翻译，可适当添加细节，使行文连贯、意思完整、符合逻辑。 ⑶参考词汇：紫禁城The Forbidden City 故宫The Summer Palace 天安门广场Tian’anmen Square 参考作文： Beijing is a city with a long history. There are many places of interest in it. Now let me tell you some of them. The Forbidden City is one of the most popular ones for visitors. It is very big and you can learn much about the history of China from it. The Summer Palace is beautiful and famous, too. The Great Wall is also a wonderful place to go. And Tian" anmen Square is a good place for people to take a walk. I hope you will enjoy your staying in Beijing.
中英教学差异英语作文
Not long ago,there was a test in a English school.They hire some Chinese teachers to teach the Brintish students in Chinese way.In Chinese,every class may have more than 50 students,but in Brintish,there may 30 students at most.So they made up a big class which containing 55 students.The Chinese teachers teached them math,Chines,science and morning exercise.But the condition is not really good.So what cause the problem? As we know,education is culture, and different educations show different societies’ culture.The different society structure plays an important part in the education system. In China, all those who can enter the University have received an elite education and before enrollment they have devoted themselves to hard studying. Therefore, they are good at getting high marks on math,chemistry,and so on.There is an old saying in China: Knowledge can change life.So,many student in Chinese small village work hard to get a better life.While in British, the education system pays more attention to social skills than to marks .Students have developed the ability to be independence in life and work.They have a sound of social security system,so they don’t need to worry about their future life. In my opinion,these two kinds of education system is not good or bad.We only need to think about which is suitable to us and whether our educate system is suitable to other countries students.Our students have adopt to our educate system and the same is true for foreign,so we need
大学英语对比观点类写作模板 (3)
选择题型变体逻辑结构（My View on Sth.） 写作模版1（正反观点） 1)When it comes to sth., people’s ideas are not cut from the same cloth. 2) Some people hold /argue that …(观点一) 3) They base their argument on the ground that …(理由)4) But others react to the problem the other way around and contend that the opposite is just reasonable or right. (观点二) 5) From their angle of view, …(理由) 6) I am of the opinion that…(我的看法) 7) …(理由) 8)…(结论句). Views on Generation Gap 1) When it comes to the problem of generation gap, people’s ideas are not cut from the same cloth. 2) Most of the old argue that young people should be responsible for the problem. 3) They base their argument on the ground that young people either turn a deaf ear to the elders’ experience-based advice or set themselves against what the elders have been proud of. 4) Yet the younger generation reacts to the problem the other way around and holds that the opposite is just reasonable. 5) From their angle of view, the older generation is too conservative to accept anything new, as a result of which, their voices are not taken into account, and their efforts are far from the requirements set by the elders. 6) I am of the opinion that both generations should take the responsibility for the problem. 7) Much evidence proves tha t the generation gap results just when the two generations miss connecting or understanding with each other. 8) As long as both sides keep their minds open to each other’s outlooks on the world and get ready for adjustment of their own ideas to the social needs, therefore, the gap between them will be narrowed down in time. 写作模版2（正反观点） （1）有人认为（some people’s opinion） （2）另外一些人认为（other people’s opinion） （3）我的观点（my opinion） As far as ________ is concerned , opinions vary widely . Some people take ____as ______ / They are of the opinion that with
英汉构词法对比研究_百度文库.
学号：127142008112101021 成绩： 西安翻译学院 高职高专毕业论文 题目：英汉构词法对比研究 作者：曹树军 指导教师杨艳敏 专业班级 08级英语教育1班 院系外国语学院 完成日期 2011年3月 英汉构词法对比研究 曹树军 外国语学院08级英语教育1班 （西安翻译学院，陕西西安 710105） A Comparative and Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Word- formation Cao Shu-jun
English Education Class 1,Grade2008,Foreign Language School （Xi’an Fanyi University，Xi’an 710105,China） 摘要: 英语和汉语作为两种高度发达的自然语言，都拥有极其丰富的词汇。尤其是英语现已发展为一种国际性现代语言，多年来既不断地从其他许多语言中吸收了大量的词汇，同时又通过灵活多样的构词方法构造了无数的新词。作为两种完全不同的语言，英语和汉语在构词法方面存在着许多不同，本文从以下四个方面对英汉构词法进行对比：派生构词法、重叠构词法、复合构词法以及缩略构词法。通过这几个方面的对比，使人们对英汉构词法的异同有一个充分的了解，从而在翻译或教学中做到有的放矢，达到事半功倍的效果。 关键词:英语；汉语；构词法；对比 Abstract:As two high-developed languages, both English and Chinese are quite abundant in vocabularies. For English, it has developed into an international one. For ages, English has absorbed many vocabularies from other languages, meanwhile it has also built many new words.As two completely different languages, there are many differences between English and Chinese in word formation. This paper makes a contrast about word formation from the following aspects: the derived word formation, the overlapping word formation, the compound word formation and the abbreviated word formation. By comparing these areas, people can have a full understanding of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese word formation. Thus, people will have a definite purpose to achieve a multiplier effect in translation or teaching. Key Words: English; Chinese; Word-formation; Contrast