2017年英语专业四级真题阅读理解

TEXT A

①Do you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment. Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem, which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.

②This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a better quality of life. The fact that this country has the most efficient agricultural industry in the world is another good example. Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, while machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. Providing more food for the rapidly increasing population is yet another role for the mechanical engineer.

81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints?

A. When one is walking.

B. When one is running.

C. When one is standing.

D. When one is lying down.

此题答案为B. 解析：B。细节类。第一段开头"When you are running, this force is increased further still"

从文中第一二句可以找到答案。

Do you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this

force is increased further still.

这句话的意思是：当跑步时，这个力量会加重，说明跑步时，hip-joints要承担最重的力量，所以此题答案为B.

难词解释：impose on把…加于Heavy duties are imposed on imports.

对进口物品课以重税。

82. Engineers regard the replacement of hip-joints as a(n) ____ Problem.

A. mechanical

B. medical

C. health

D. agricultural

解析：A。细节类。此题也可以从文中第一段第七、八行找到答案：Any engineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem工程师觉得这是一个典型的机械问题. “engineering problem”其中engineering的同义词就是mechanical,所以此题答案为A。

词组学习：regard as把…认作

Farmers regard foxes as vermin. 农夫把狐狸看成是祸害。

83. According to the passage, how do engineers contribute to increasing efficiency of the agricultural industry?

A. By working with farmers.

B. By working in teams.

C. By growing crops of the same height.

D. By making agricultural machinery.

解析：D。推断类。第二段提到"mechanical harvesting" ，"machines harvest crops more efficiently."，可以推断出工程师致力于推进农业的机械化进程。

This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, while machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. 这段话中的蓝色字体有mechanical，machines，这些都说明是利用机器。对应于选项D。

词组学习：contribute to促成

Smoking is a major factor contribute to cancer.吸烟是致癌一个重要因素。

84. According to the context, "This team effort'" in Paragraph Two refers to

A. mechanical engineers.

B. doctors and engineers.

C. biologists, doctors and farmers.

D. farmers, biologists and engineers.

解析：D=指代类Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. 这个团队的努力包括农场主、生物学家和机械师.

this team effort指代的就是前面那个句中蓝色字体的人Mechanical engineers , farmers and biologists对应于D选项，所以此题答案为D.

joint 1 / d???nt; d???nt/ n

structure in the body of an animal by which bones are fitted together 关节: ankle,

knee, elbow, etc joints 踝﹑膝﹑肘等关节* suffer from stiff joints 患关节强直症.

place, line or surface at which two or more things are joined 连接处; 接缝; 接合

面: Check that the joints of the pipes are sealed properly. 检查一下管道的接口是否封严了.

any of the parts into which a butcher cuts an animal's carcass; this cooked and

served as meat （生的或熟的）大块肉: a joint of beef 一大块牛肉* carve the Sunday joint 切开星期日吃的大块肉.

(sl derog 俚, 贬) low or shabby bar, club, etc; house or shop 下等的或破旧的酒

吧﹑俱乐部等; 房子; 店舖.

(sl 俚) cigarette containing marijuana 含大麻的香烟.

(idm 习语) case the joint => case2. out of joint (a) (of bones) pushed out of

position; dislocated （指骨）脱臼: She fell and put her knee out of joint. 她摔得膝关节脱臼了. (b) (fig 比喻) in disorder; disorganized 混乱; 紊乱: The delays put the whole schedule out of joint. 一再的拖延打乱了全部安排. put sb's nose out of joint => nose1.

> joint v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态]

1 provide (sth) with a joint or joints 给（某物）装以活节或关节: a jointed doll,

fishing-rod 有活动关节的玩具娃娃﹑活动钓竿.

2 divide (a carcass) into joints or at the joints 将（屠宰後的动物）分割成大块或在关节处切开: a jointed chicken 切成大块的鸡.

joint 2 / d???nt; d???nt/ adj [attrib 作定语]

shared, held or done by two or more people together 共享的; 共有的; 共同做的:

a joint account, ie a bank account in the name of more than one person (eg husband and wife) 联合帐户（不止一人, 如夫妇, 共有的银行户头）* joint ownership, responsibility, consultation 共同的所有权﹑责任﹑协商* a joint effort 共同的努力.

sharing in an activity, a position, an achievement, etc 共同参与﹑持有或取得的:

joint authors, owners, winners, etc 合着者﹑共同持有者﹑同时获胜者. > jointly adv: a jointly owned business 共同所有的商行.

# joint-`stock company = stock company (stock1).

replace / r??ple?s; r?ˋples/ v

[Tn] put (sth) back in its place 将（某物）放回原处: replace the book on the shelf

把书放回书架上* replace the receiver, ie after telephoning 把听筒放回原处（打电话後）.

[Tn, Cn.n/a] take the place of (sb/sth) 代替, 取代（某人[某事物]）: Robots are

replacing people on assembly lines. 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人. * Can anything replace a mother's love? 有什麽东西能代替母爱吗? * His deputy replaced him as leader. 他的副手接替他当了领导.

[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) provide a substitute for sb/sth 更换﹑替换某人

[某事物]: He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不称职, 必须撤换. * replace a broken window (with a new one) （用新窗户）更换破了的窗户.

> replaceable / -?bl; -?bl/ adj that can be replaced 可回归原位的; 可代替的; 可更换的.

replacement n

1 [U] replacing or being replaced 回归原位; 代替; 更换: the replacement of worn parts 磨损零件的更换.

2 [C] ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces another 代替或替换他者的人或事物: find a replacement for Sue (ie sb to do her work) while she is ill 苏珊生病时找个代她工作的人* [attrib 作定语] replacement staff 替补人员.

ball 1

1 / b??l; b?l/ n

(a) solid or hollow sphere used in games （各种游戏所用的实心或空心的）球: a

`football 足球* a `tennis-ball 网球* a `cricket-ball 板球. =>illus at basket ball, hockey见basketball, hockey之插图. (b) any similar sphere 任何球状物: Signs with three balls hang outside pawnbrokers' shops. 当舖外面悬挂着三个球的标记.

(a) (in cricket) single delivery of the ball by the bowler （板球）投球手投出的一

个球. (b) (in baseball) any strike or throw （棒球）一击或一投: a foul ball 界外球. (c) (in football, hockey, etc) movement of the ball by a player （足球﹑曲棍球等的）传球: send over a high ball 高吊传球.

round mass of material that has been pressed together, rolled or wound into shape

挤压﹑旋滚或缠绕成团的球状物: a `meat ball 肉丸子* a `snowball 雪球* a ball of `wool/`string 绒线[线]团.

rounded part 圆形部分: the ball of the thumb, ie the part near the palm 大拇指下