情态动词精讲精练

情态动词 (续) (自主学习材料)

1. had better 表示“最好”,它相当于一个助动词，后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth.最好干某事 had better not do sth.最好不干某事 在疑问句中, 否定词not 在下列两句的位置都是正确的,但是意义不同

Had we better not go? 我们不去不是更好吗 Hadn't we better go? 难道我们去不是更好吗? had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。

在英语中,you had better 并不是提出建议或请求的客气说法,一般用于长辈对晚辈. 若是对长辈或是比较尊重的人,可以用其他更加委婉有礼貌的形式.

1. used to 表示过去常常, 仅用于过去时态中, 可用于所有人称.

2. used to + 动词原形,表示过去有规律的习惯或过去某一时期的状况,但现在已经不存在了. She doesn't get up early as she used to.

3. 在疑问句,否定句,否定疑问句,反义疑问句中有两种形式.

疑问句: Did you use to work in the Guangming factory?/ Used you to work in the Guangming factory?

否定式: I usedn't to go there./ I didn't use to go there.

否定疑问式: Didn't you use to study in the school?/ Usedn't you to study in the school? 反义疑问句: she used to be very fat, didn't she?/ usedn't she?

used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有"过去如此,现在已不再这样了, would 仅表示过去 习惯性动作,没有现在对比的含义.

used to 强调过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态, would 仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作. People ______________ believe that the sun moves around the earth. He __________ sit in the yard listening to the radio every evening. The village is no longer what it __________ be.

一. 考查情态动词的推测用法

情态动词表示推测的可能性由弱到强的排列顺序如下:

might-- may--could--can--should--ought to--- would-- will-- must ( 弱 ) ( 强 )

must 指根据事实断定所说的是事实,或至少非常可能是事实, 通常只用于肯定句.

will/would 表示某种必然进程的可能性,往往指由于客观的条件必然会导致某种情况的发生. should/ ought to 表示根据情况,按道理应该会.

can/ could 常指情况允许的可能性,主要用于疑问句, 否定句, 在肯定句中can 表示逻辑上的 可能性,并不涉及具体的可能性.

may/might 常用于表示现在或将来的主观上的推测,可能性较小.

1、对现在或客观事实的推测 ① Someone is knocking at the door.

It _______________ be Leo. But I'm not sure.

It _______________ be Leo. Sometimes he comes this time. It _______________ be Leo. He has made a promise to come. It _______________ be Leo. I can read his step(脚步声). ② Tom _________ be a policeman, for he is much too short. ③ --- Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?

--- No, it ___________ take you long. It is not the rush hour now. ④ Helen _____ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽) A. shall B. must C. may D. can ⑤ —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. —It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东) A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D . could be ⑥ That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say. A. can B. could C. will D. ought to ⑦ You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design

词形 肯定式

否定式 疑问式 must 指有根据的比较有把握的推测, 表"一定是,准是"

/ / will 表示某种必然进程的可能性,规律性的注定会,表"很可能,大概" 不会, 不该 会吗? would 可能性比will 小 语气比 won't 弱 语气比 will 弱 should 按道理说应该 / / ought to 理应 (同should)

/ / can "理论上的,一般性的" 可能性 不可能 有可能吗 could 可疑的可能 不可能 语气比 can 弱 may 或许,也许 可能不 / might

比may 语气弱

比may not 语气弱

/

had better 的用法 used to 的用法 你知道 be used to (习惯于) 和be used to do(被用来做) 的用法吗?

of the furniture.(2004上海春)

A. must

B. shall

C. may

D. need

⑧ Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening

ceremony？

A. can

B. should

C. may

D. must

⑨ There _____ any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the

driving school.

A. mustn’t

B. shan’t

C. s houldn’t

D. needn’t

⑩It’s nearly six o’clock. Tom ____ be here at any moment.

A. ought

B. need

C. should

D. can

2、对过去事实的推测

对过去已发生事情的肯定推测, 常用―must+ have + v-ed‖意思为―想必、准是、一定是‖，语

气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句，

表示对过去已发生事情的推测把握不大, 用―may/might+ have + v-ed‖ 意思为―也许、或许‖，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑问句；

对过去发生的行为怀疑和不肯定,用" can /could not + have + v-ed " 意思为" 过去一定不..."

对过去的疑问推测只用―can/could + have + v-ed‖，意思为―可能已经……‖。

must have done 过去一定已经…（只用于肯定句中）

can’t / couldn’t have done 过去不可能--- （表示否定）

may/might have done 可能已经----

① She looks happy. She ___________ ( pass ) the exam.

② He wasn't at home . Where _______ he _________ ( go )?

③ Someone left a cell phone on the desk. ________ Lily ____________( forget ) to take it away?

④He __ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.

A. should

B. must

C. wouldn’t

D. can’t

⑤ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended

B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended

D. shouldn’t have attended

⑥ ---Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find hi m anywhere.

---Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here. (2005湖北)

A. shouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C.can’t

D. wouldn’t

⑦ --- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

--- You ____ it in the wrong place. (2007 江西)

A. must put

B. should have put

C. might put

D. might have put

二. 考查情态动词表示请求和许可的用法

1. 表请求类的

will 用于第二人称you表示请求或要求, 用won't 加强邀请的语气,would比will更加委婉.

Will you please tell me how to get to the airport?

can 表示请求, 或客观条件允许. 用could语气比can更委婉, can 和could此时没有时间上的差别, 主要用于疑问句, 不用于肯定句, 因此回答时要改用can.

---- Can / Could you help me ? --- Of course, I can.

Can I do it for you?

shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。

--- Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? --- Yes, please. / All right.

may用于请求对方许可( 多用于第一人称), might也可代替may, 但语气更为婉转客气.

---May I use your your bike? -- Yes, please./ Y es you may. / --- No, you may not./ you had better not./ you mustn't.

2.表示许可同意的

肯定句里, 用can/ may/ might 表示说话人赞同许可.

否定句里, 用can not / may not/ must not 表示说话人不允许或禁止

Nobody can remain in the classroom after 11:10pm..

Anyone can not / must not smoke here.

①—What’s the name?— Khulaifi. ________ I spell for you? (2006北京)

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Can

D. Might

② --- Must I go there right now? --- No, you __________. You _______ go there before supper.

A. needn't ; must

B.mustn't; can

C. mustn't; may

D. don't have to; can

三. 考查情态动词表示能力的用法

表示能力的情态动词有can/ could / will, 和be able to

can/could表示体力和脑力方面( 知识或技能)的能力, can 表示现在的能力, could表示过去的能力. be able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某件事的能力.

will 表示人或事物的功能, 属性.

1. Cable television is very popular nowadays because it ______ provide more programmes.

2. He was a good swimmer, so he ______________ swim to the bank when the boat turned over.

3. The tree ________ live for three months without water. The bottle ______ hold 10 liter oil.

四. 情态动词的反意疑问句

一般的含有情态动词的主句后其附加疑问句为" 情态动词(not)+ 主语相对应的代词". 但也有例外:

1.must:

当must表示命令时,反意疑问句用needn't.

They must hand in their homework now, needn't he?

当must表示推测时,反意疑问句与实际情况保持一致, 即与把must 删掉后的陈述句的反意疑问句保持一致.

He must be a teacher, isn't he? ( 比较He is a teacher, isn't he? )

He must have finished his homework, hasn't he? ( He has finished his homework, hasn't he?)

It must have rained last night, didn't it? ( It rained last night, didn't it? )

2.含有can't 陈述句的反意疑问句形式

当表示没有能力做某事时,反意疑问句用can sb....?

He can't speak English , can he ?

当can't 用于表示推测时,反意疑问句由实际情况决定, 即由去掉can't 后的真实陈述句决定.

1) He can't be a teacher, is he? ( He is not a teacher, is he ? )

2) He can't have finished his homework, has he ?

3) By the time we went there, he couldn't have finished his job, had he?

此部分可以参考第四页的关于" must have done"的反意疑问句.

情态动词综合练习

1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing

A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed

C) must not have washed D) can not have washed

2) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.

A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been

3) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ___from South America on rafts.

A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed

4) My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it?

A. should

B. must

C. could

D. would

5) You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen ___ be so rude to a lady.

A. might

B. need

C. should

D. would

6) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.

A) must receive B) ought to receive C) must have received D) ought to have received

7) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.

A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone

8) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.

A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up

9) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.

A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to

10) The road was muddy. It____ last night.

A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained

11) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.

A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to

12) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.

A) should have received B) has received

C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received

13) Two eyes ____see more than one.

A) can B) may C) will D) should

14) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.

A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should

15) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?

A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we

16) You _____park here! It’s an emergency exit.

A wouldn’t

B needn’t

C couldn’t

D mustn’t

17) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.

A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get

18) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.

A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried

19) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.

A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't

20) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.

A) must B) could C) may D) might

21) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.

A) can B) may C) must D) ought

22) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.

A) may have been taken away B) may leave C) may take away D) must have taken away

24) I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong.

A. dare not ask

B. dare not to ask

C. dare not asking

D. dare to not ask

25) There __________ some flowers in the garden.

A. were used to be

B. used to be

C. uses to be

D. used to be having

26) "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."

A. Could ...couldn't

B. Might...might not

C. Could...can

D. May...can't

27) You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ?

A. should post

B. should have posted

C. must have posted

D. ought to post.

28) All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.

A. must get

B. is getting

C. must be getting

D. would get

29) "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."

A. you need

B. you should

C. you must

D. you can

30) __________ to have lunch with us today?

A. Do you likes

B. Would you like

C. Will you liked

D. Have you liked

31) He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished.

A. may

B. must

C. can

D. might

32) Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must

B. can

C. may

D. will

33)I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.

A. may

B. might

C. can

D. could

34)Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.

A. may

B. must

C. can

D. need

35) --–John went to the hospital alone. ---If he ____ me about , I would have gone with him.

A should tell

B tells

C told

D had told

36) ―You_____ have a wrong number,‖ she said.―There’s no one of that name here.‖

A. need

B. can

C. must

D. would

37)---Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.

---Ah, good morning. Y ou ____ be Mrs. Peters.

A .might B. must C. would D. can

38) After two days in the earthquake on May14 the little boy _____ climb out of the debris

A. could

B. should

C. was able to

D. would

39)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ________be rather cold sometimes.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would

40)The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened,

is that animals like to eat them.

A. shan’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t