专四易错语法词汇总结

enhance意为“提高”;

magnify意为“放大，扩大(使某物看起来比本身大)”;

strengthen意为“加强，变强(使身体强壮，使某物更加牢固，结实)”;

enlarge意为“扩大(使某物变大，或变宽)”。

run down 意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，(使)失灵”。

run up 意为“升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）”。

run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。

run off意为“撵走，吓跑”。

Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ our thinking.

A) upon which to base

This design is _far superior to___ that one.

A) more superior to B) far superior than C) more superior than D) far superior to superior 意为“优越的，优良的”，后接介词to，表示比较，单词本身没有比较级。通常在前面加“far”表示“比……好得多”。

appliance 意为“器具，器械”，electrical appliance 意为“电器”。facility 意为“设备，设施”。instrument 意为“仪器”，尤指用于精致工作的工具或仪器。equipment 意为“设备，装备”。

. I’m afraid I can’t ____ you ____; you’ll have to go to a hotel.

A) put ...up

put ... up意为“留……住宿；举起；搭建”。pick ... up 意为“拾起，拿起；学会，学到”。pull ... up意为“使（车子）停下”。wake ... up意为“叫醒”

. We must try our best to lower the cost of our products. Otherwise the high cost will ___cut into_ our profit.

cut into意为“减少，降低；插嘴，打断”。

cut off 意为“切断；隔绝，挡住；切下来”

cut in意为“插嘴，夹塞”。

cut short意为“打断（谈话），中断（活动）”。

industrious意为“勤奋的，勤勉的”。

indulgent 意为“纵容的，溺爱的”。

industrial意为“工业的，实业的”。

indifferent意为“冷淡的，漠不关心的；平淡无奇的”。

1. How do you __a__ for coming late for the meeting?

A) explain B) excuse C) describe D) account

译文】你怎么解释你开会迟到了？

【试题分析】短语动词

【详细解答】account for 解释、导致；explain解释；excuse 原谅；find excuse for 找借口；describe 描述。

anything but一点也不、决不,nothing but只不过……而已。

__a__ so few people in the street was unusual.

A) For there to be B) As there to be C) For there being D) As ther e being

【译文】街上人这么少，真奇怪。

【试题分析】句法结构

【详细解答】there to be 句型做主语时，通常用for做引导词。所以选择A项。

lie 躺：过去式lay，过去分词lain；现在分词lying；

lie撒谎：过去式lied，过去分词lied，现在分词lying；

lay放置：过去式laid，过去分词laid，现在分词laying.

cut up切碎，破碎；

cut off 切断，删去；

cut across 走捷径，抄近路；

cut down 减少

idle 空闲的，无用的，懒散的；

vacant 空缺的，未占用的；

empty空无一物的；

hollow中空的

It was not until she had come downstairs __c__ remembered the keys were not with her.

A) she B) when she C) that she D) and see

强调句型中应该用that 不用其他的引导词。与not ...until 句型连用时注意,当强调until部分时, not应该和until 部分一起强调。

The applicant filled in the form，but he didn’t know which office room ____.

A) to send it to

由疑问词+不定式构成的不定式短语可以用作动词宾语，相当于从句。但不定式的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则应用宾语从句。

The new cars of the V olkswagon Company are now being __a__at the rate of 1,000 every week.

A) turned out B) turned down C) turned up D) turned on

turn out 表示生产，制造；

turn down关小，调低，拒绝；

turn up 出现，出席，被发现；

turn on 打开，开启。

draw to a close表示快要结束。come to an end /a close也可以表达同样的意思。

John regretted ____ to the meeting last week.

A) not going

significant指有意义的，重大的；

magnificent指华丽的，雄伟的；

superstitious指迷信的；

substantial指实质的，坚固的。

A lot of traffic accidents__b__ from carelessness.

A) arouse B) arise C) raise D) rise

arouse指唤起，引起；

arise(from)指发生，起因于；

raise是及物动词指提高，饲养；

rise是不及物动词，

He criticized everything and everybody, and even _b___ his teachers.

A) ran over B) ran down C) ran against D) ran into

run...over指撞到，碾过；

run...down指批评，贬低；

run...against 指违反，偶遇；

run...into 指进入，偶遇。

Such a difficult operation may not succeed, it’s a(n) __d__ gamble.

A) essential B) fundamental C) elementary D) inevitable

essential指本质的，实质的；

fundamental指基本的；

elementary指初步的；

inevitable指不可避免的。

___c_ right now, she would not be late for the class.

A) Would she leave B) If she leave C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

虚拟语气，省略了if，句子部分倒装。

In a few days Mr. Barnstaple had __c__strength of body and mind

A) retreated B) recorded C) recovered D) replaced

retreat指撤退；record指录音；recover指使恢复原状,使(身体)复原；replace指取代

Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to ___a_ situation.

A) similar B) alike C) same D) likely

similar表示“相似的，相同的”。

alike表示“相同的，相像的”，只能作句子的表语，不能作定语修饰名词。

same表示“相同，完全一致，没有差别的”，需与the连用。

likely表示“似真的，可能的，有希望的”，

In this factory , suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully __a__.

A) admitted B) acknowledged C) absorbed D) considered

admit表示“承认，接纳”。

acknowledge表示“公开承认(错误或事实)，公认，感谢”。

absorb表示“吸引，吸收”。

consider表示“思考，考虑”。

The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’__c__.

A) command B) conviction C) consent D) compromise

consent表示“同意，允诺，赞成”。

command表示“命令，指挥，指令”。

conviction表示“确信，确定”。

compromise表示“妥协，让步”。

In a typhoon , winds__c__ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.

A) assume B) accomplish C) attain D) assemble

attain 表示“达到，获得”。

assume 表示“假定，假设”。

accomplish表示“完成(工作或任务)，达到(某个程度)”。

assemble表示“集合，装配”。

Difficulties and hardships have __a__the best qualities of the young geologist.

A) brought out B) brought about C) brought fo rth D) brought up

bring out 表示“生产，出版，使出现”。

bring about表示“使……(事件)发生”。

bring froth表示“提出，出示”。

bring up表示“抚养，养育”。

The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to___a_ the investment plan within a week.

A) work out B) put out C) make ou t D) set out

work over表示“设计出，计算出”。

put out表示“放出，生产”。

make out表示“说明，写出”。

set out表示“出发，开始，动身”。

Richard doesn’t think he could ever_c___ what is called “free-style” poetry.

A) take on B) take over C) take to D) take after

take to 表示“开始，喜欢，适应”。

take on 表示“呈现，具有……”。

take over 表示“接收，接管”。

take after表示“模仿，长得像……一样”。

Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and _c__by the same federal laws.

A) stand B) conform C) abide D) sustain

abide by表示“坚持，遵守”。

stand by 表示“支持，站在……一边”。

conform 表示“使……一致”，与to连用。

sustain表示“支撑，维持”。

___b_ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.

A) Nearly B) That nearly C) It is nearly D) When nearly

这是一个带主语从句的句子，that 引导出从句。

On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with __a__ eye.

A) naked B) bare C) flesh D) pure

“naked eyes”是固定搭配，即肉眼。

take shelter 是寻求庇护的意思。

rate是一般意义上的比率，而实物与图表之间的比例是scale

Her skirt had been so _a___ in packing that she had to iron it before going out.

A) crushed B) torn C) dirty D) untidy

衣服给压皱了是crushed，torn是弄破了，dirty是脏了，untidy则是不整齐，没有条理性，所以只有crushed符合句意。

We are taking __b__a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital.

A) to B) up C) over D) off

take up a collection是一个固定词组，意思是募捐，筹款，其它三个介词都无法和take 和a collection 搭配。

It’s not what she says that bothers me. It’s the reason she says it. You’ve got to read __c__ the lines with her.

A) among B) amongst C) between D) through

read between the lines是一个固定词组，意思是体会字里行间的言外之意。

I mistook you __a__ your brother.

A) for B) as C) to b e D) by

mistake A for B是一个固定词组，意思是将A错认作B。

I am easily hurt because my feelings are very __c__.

A) sensible B) sensational C) sensitive D) sentimental

sensitive意为“敏感的”，符合句意。sensible“理智的”；sensational“令人吃惊的”；sentimental“多愁善感的”，均不符合句意。

__c__ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room. A) There was B) Being C) There being D) As there being

There being (There be的分词形式)引导的分词短语在句中作原因状语。

I __c__you that the machine will arrive next week.

A) insist B) confirm C) assure D) undertake

assure sb. that意为“向某人保证说，肯定地说”，不存在其他三种搭配。

His discovery counts __b__nothing though he tried very hard.

A) on B) for C) in D) up

count for意为“有价值，有重要性”，count for nothing即为“没有价值”符合句意。count on“指望，依靠”；count in“把……算进去”；count up“把……加起来”，

If you don’t put the food in the refrigerator, it may go _c___.

A) off B) over C) wrong D) out

go off意为“（食品）变坏，（疼痛）消失”，符合句意。go over sth.，“浏览，检查，复习”；go out，“消灭，参加社会活动”；go wrong，“出错，（机器）坏了，（事情）进展不顺利”

If this university __a__ such a good reputatio n, I would not have come here.A) didn’t have B) hadn’t had C) doesn’t have D) hasn’t had

这是错综时间条件句，是虚拟语气的一种。从句所陈述的条件是与现在事实相反的一种假设，所以动词用一般过去时；而主句表示的动作与过去的事实相反，所以用would have done...的结构。

He agreed with the plan in __d__, but thought that in practice it would not work.

A) attitude B) approach C) viewpoint D) principle

in principle是固定词组，意为“原则上，总的来说”。

Joseph was very lucky _b___ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.

A. to escape

B. to have escaped

C. to escaping

D. to be escaping

to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成

Even if his letter __c__ tomorrow, it ____ too late to do anything.

A. will arrive...is

B. should arrive...were

C. arrives...will be

D. arrives...would be

在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。

To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two _a___

of paint on a clean surface.

A. coats

B. levels

C. times

D. courses

coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。

The small mountain village was __c__ by the snow

for more than one month.

A. cut back

B. cut out

C. cut off

D. cut away

cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cutoff意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。

Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear

it __c__ when she was trying to g o to sleep.

A. sounding

B. ringing

C. ticking

D. humming

sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。

Modern _b___ perhaps causes more problems than it s

olves.

A. technique

B. technology

C. tactics

D. tendency

technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技

术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。

Under this _c___ pressure some of the rocks even

became liquid.

A. intensive

B. weighty

C. intense

D. bulky

intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。

Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the __c__ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.

A. maximum

B. minority

C. majority

D. minimum

maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数

以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。

The beach is in an ideal __b__ to draw tourists.

A. condition

B. situation

C. state

D. publicity

condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，

环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。

Our _d___ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of

their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.

A. sensible

B. senseless

C. sensitive

D. sensory

sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉

的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。