高一英语下学期重点单词短语语法重难点汇总

高一英语下学期重点单词短语语法重难点汇总
高一英语下学期重点单词短语语法重难点汇总

高一英语下学期重点单词短语语法重难点汇总

Unit 1 Healthy eating

本单元重点单词

decision n. 决定junk n. 垃圾;废物;毒品(俚语) contain vt. 包含;容纳vitamin n. 维生素

stomach n. 胃hurt v. 疼痛;伤害

patient n. 病人cough v. & n. 咳嗽pain n. & vt. 疼

ripe adj. (水果)熟的

knee n. 膝exam n. 检查;考试

energy n. 能量fuel n. 燃料

traditional adj. 传统的diet n. 节食

calorie n. 卡路思,卡(热量单位) offer vt. 提供;给予

protein n. 蛋白质muscle n. 肌肉calcium n. 钙carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物

nutrient n. 营养物function n. 作用;机能

fibre n. 纤维mineral n. 矿物质pills n. 药丸balanced adj. 平衡的

include vt. 包括amount n. (数)量

supplement n. 补充物challenge n. 挑战

opportunity n. 机会snack n. 小吃苦耐劳

equipment n. 设备fold vt. 折叠

本单元重点短语

give advice on 就……提(意见)建议make suggestions提建议

make a list of 列出一张……单子have a fever发烧

make up 编(拟定);创设all the time 一直

be careful with 小心(留神) ……be all right正常;康复

in the future将来lie down躺下

plenty of大量的 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力糖

Unit 2 Festivals

本单元重点单词

festival n.节日custom n.风俗习惯

habit n.习惯symbol n.象征

describe v.描述favorite adj.喜欢的

fight n.战斗crime n.犯罪

allow vt.允许argument n.争辩

celebrate v.庆祝major adj.主要的

create vt.创造ancestor n.古人;前辈

characteristic n.特征principle n.原则

community n.社区;团体self-determination n.自我作决定

solve vt.解决faith n.真诚

lit v.点燃(过去式)theme n.主题

generation n.一代人salute v.向……致敬

reminder n.提醒occasion n.时机

fool vt.愚弄;捉弄

本单元重点短语

compare with 与……进行比较make others happy 使他人幸福快乐

learn about 了解spend on 在……方面花费

so that 以便speak for 为……说话

the spirit of ……的精神commercial activities 商业活动

by giving away 以放弃……的方式have got to 必须

instead of 替代get out of the car 下车

get off 下车take off one's hat 摘下礼帽

look into the eyes 直视(某人的)眼睛shake hands with sb. 与某人握手

make friends with 与……交朋友the living and the dead 生者和死者

the cycle of life 生命周期play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人

Unit3 The necklace

本单元重点单词

scary adj.可怕的,吓人的mysterious adj. 神秘的,不可思议的necklace n.项链scene n. 场景;布景

recognize vt. vi. 认出;认识;承认diamond n. 钻石;金刚石

government n.政府ball n. 舞会

palace n. 宫;宫殿jewellery n. (总称)珠宝

accept vt. 接受invitation n. 邀请;请贴

franc n. 法郎continue vi.继续

pretty adj. 漂亮的;俊俏的happiness n.幸福;快乐

exactly adv.精确地valuable adj.值钱的;贵重的

worth adj. 值……的author n.作者

character n. 人物,角色;(汉)字line n. (戏曲)台词

alien n.外侨clone n.&v. 克隆

rehearse v. 排练(节目)plot n. (小说的)情节

dormitory n. 宿舍

本单元重点短语

fall asleep 人睡;睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜

a scary place 一个恐怖的地方create a short play 编一个短剧

on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上

something unusual happened发生了异常的事

another normal day 又一个普通的日子walk towards sb. 朝某人走去

don’t look very well看上去气色不好look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大

ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间for the past ten years 在过去的十年里in a government office在一下政府部门accept an invitation接受邀请after all 毕竟

a man with a lot of money 有钱人continue to do sth.继续做某事

cal on访问;拜访bring out 取出;拿出

a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链try it on试戴

look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美

the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光

look down 低头看rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿without luck不幸运,不凑巧day and night 日日夜夜

pay off 还清write a scene写一个场景

precious stone钻石take up several jobs找几份工作wear a new ring 戴新戒指animal products 动物制品

play different roles扮演不同的角色lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词of one’s own某人自己的come up with a very good story编成很好的故事give it a try试一试take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风

a thousand years from now从现在起一千年be scared 害怕

do the same with照……做rehearse a play排练话剧

Unit 4 Scientist at work

本单元重点单词

instructions n. 指令;指示safety n. 安全

glove n. 手套accident n. 事故

earring n. 耳环flame n. 火焰

advantage n.优点;优势wheel n. 轮;方向盘

engine n.引擎,发动机technology n.技术

energy n. 能量nuclear n.原子

space n. 太空;空间economy n.经济

conduct n.指导;处理;传导lighting n. 闪电

realize vt. 认识;意识attract vt. 吸引

condenser n. 电容器;聚光器last vi. 持续

frame n.框架enough adj. 足够的

control n.& vt. 控制fix v. 安装;确定

fasten vt. 扎(捆)sharp adj. 尖锐的

charge n.& v.负责;充电cross n.杂交;十字架

本单元重点短语

in one’s opi nion 在某人看来 a waste of …(某方面)的浪费

make use of 利用be famous for …因……而闻名

all over 遍及make discoveries 发现

a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量;许多

fasten (tie)…to …把……扎(捆)到……上面take care 留神;小心

protect…from …保护……免受损害s top…from doing…阻止……不……

tear down 拆掉be in tears 含着泪花

end in 以……告终;结束such as 如;例如

at least 至少;起码find out 查清楚;弄明白

go against 与……对抗be made up of 由……组成.

Unit 5 Famous women

本单元重点单词

inspire vt. 激励explain v. 解释

admire v. 羡慕smart adj. 机灵的;时髦的

cheerful adj. 高兴的general adj. 大致的;总的

hard-working adj. 努力的weak adj. 软弱的;不强壮的

stupid adj. 愚蠢的dishonest adj. 不诚实的

mean v.&n. 意味着;方式tense v 紧张

miserable adj. 可怕的singer n. 歌手

actress n. 女演员champion n. 冠军

alone adj. 单独的penguin n. 企鹅

Antarctica n. 南极洲challenge n. 挑战

increase v. 增长 h owling adj. 极端的;嚎叫的

optimistic adj. 乐观主义的climate n. 气候

experience n. 经验;经历individual adj. 一个人的

bother v. 麻烦literature n. 文学

skip v. 跳跃discipline n. 纪律

career n. 履历;生涯

本单元重点短语

in high position 地位很高the South Pole南极

the North Pole北极polar bear北极熊

at the opposite end of 在……对面pull one’s sled 拉雪橇

be about do (do ) 正要(做)be just around the corner 就在附近,即将来临fall into 掉入in good health 健康状况良好

stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好solo travel独自旅行

blow away 吹跑;刮走knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒

refer to 所指;参考rise to fame 名声大振

the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人so far 到目前为止

in history 在历史上fight for chances 设法寻找机会

best of luck to you 祝你好运without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享

Unit 6 New Zealand

本单元重点单词

description n.描述region n.地区

surround v.环绕climate n.气候subtropical n.亚热带volcano n.火山

narrow adj.狭窄的sign v.& n.签字;迹象celebrate v.庆祝temperature n.温度symbol n.象征desert n.沙漠

quality n.质量

本单元重点短语

lie to 位于……be made up of 由……组成be surrounded by 被……环绕be famous for 因……闻名such as 例如take possession of 拥有……refer to 参考;所指in relation to 与……有关be marked with 标有……记号compare…to…把……比作stand for 代表make up 占据空间

plenty of 大量;许多be native to 原产于……

be careful in (在某方面)仔细prepare for … 为……作准备

Unit 7 Modern agriculture

本单元重点单词

modern adj.现代的agriculture n.农业

raise vt.饲养;举起cattle n.牛

create vt.创造;生产flood n.洪水

drought n干旱traditional adj.传统的technique n.技术fertilization n.施肥irrigation n.灌溉electric adj.电的

pump n水泵delegation n代表shortage n短处arable adj.适于耕种的greenhouse n.温室hang v.吊起

control vt & vi.控制instruction n.指令;指示nature n.自然harvest n.收获

本单元重点短语

make a decision做决定over time 长期以来

bring in 引进be harmful to对有伤害

be friendly to对友好as well as 也;还

depend on依靠be short of缺少;不足

a variety of种种instead of代替

go against 违背year after year 一年又一年

next to 隔壁;紧挨pass on向下传

from generation to generation 一代又一代at sunset 在太阳落山时

Unit 8 Hurmour

本单元重点单词

humour n. 幽默,诙谐bitter adj. 苦的,痛苦的

chalk n. 粉笔couple n. 一对,一双,夫妇minister n. 牧师,部长,大臣comedian n. 喜剧演员,滑稽演员circus n. 马戏团intend v. 想要,打算,意指

stage n. 舞台nationality n. 国籍,国家,部落certain adj. 确定的,无疑的,某amuse v. 使发笑,使愉快

laughter n. 笑,笑声accent n. 口音,腔调,重音actually adv. 实际上,事实上typical adj. 典型的,象征性的tradition n.传统rapid adj. 迅速的,快的

applaud v. 拍手喝彩,鼓掌appreciate v. 赏识,鉴赏,感激

fluent adj. 流利的,流畅的exist v. 存在,生存

phrase n. 词组,短语suffer v. 经历或遭受,忍受

operate v. 运转,操作direction n. 方向,指导,说明书brake v. & n. 刹车cyclist n. 骑自行车的人

fortunately adv. 幸运地bicycle n. 自行车

silence n. 寂静,沉默,静默rude adj. 粗鲁的,残暴的

confuse v. 使迷惑,打乱,混淆confused adj. 困惑的,烦恼的

本单元重点短语

tongue twister 绕口令 a couple of 两三个

make fun of 取笑,嘲笑date back to 回溯至

make use of 利用某事物(某人)be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好look on…as 把…看作drive off 把车开走,赶走,击退

act a role of 扮演…的角色roar with laughter 大笑

act out small sketches 演小品in the other direction 在另一方向knock sb. off 把…撞下来 a flow of 连续不断的某事物

have sth. in common with 与…有相同之处play with 玩…

even if 即使,纵然act as 扮演act out 演出来

Unit 9 Body language

本单元重点单词

express vt. 表达communicate v. 交流;交际

vary vi. &vt. 改变;变化mean vt. 意思是;打算

apologize vi.抱歉crazy adj. 疯狂的

chase vt. 追赶shake v. 摇动touch vt. 触摸rub v. 摩擦

fold vt. 折叠directly adv. 直接地;一……就……disrespectful adj. 不受人尊敬的gesture n. 手势

thumb n. 大拇指difference n. 区别

greet vt. 问候handshake n. 握手

embrace vi. 拥抱interpretation n.解释;说明universal adj. 普通的;一般的emotion n. 情感

incredible adj. 不能相信的

本单元重点短语

get through 通过,接通tear down 拆毁

ask for 向……要help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做……thanks for

感谢……feel down闷闷不乐

express one’s thoughts and opinions 表达某人的思想和意见

communicate with与……交际learn about 打听……spoken language 口语make a circle 成一圈

from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化index finger 食指

shake one’s head 摇头be used to do 被用来做……

主谓一致

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致,通常指三个基本原则:语法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗邻一致,即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。

一、语法一致原则

1、在通常情况下,一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数

形式,谓语也为单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也为复数形式。如:

This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英语短语练习不容易。

2、在“there be”结构中,“be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如:

There has been little change in this city.这个城市没有多少变化。

3、“one of”结构,位于用单数,“two of”结构位于用复数

One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。

Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。

3、倒装句的主语在谓语之后,避免误用。

Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。

二、概念一致

1、主语是抽象概念、短语或从句,谓语用单数形式。如:

To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。(不定式做主语)

Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。(动名词做主

语)

How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语)

注意:

(1)用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语,因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如:

Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个?

Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些?

(2)单个的分词作主语,不定式作主语,以及主语从句,谓语都用单数,若用连接上述的相同两个成分,谓语才用复数。

2、两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时,谓语用复数形式。

3、and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语

用单数;若有,则用复数。如:

My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问

又改变他的想法了。

My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏

的同学在教室里。

a.若and后面加not,谓语用单数。如:

Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei赢了比赛,而不是我。

b.用and 连接的单数主语,前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时,谓

语用单数。

c.复数主语前加each,谓语仍用复数。

d.no后面名词为单数,谓语用单数;后为复数,谓语用复数。

三、毗邻一致

由not only…but also,neither…nor…,either…or…,or 连接的并列主语,在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语,在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如;

Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都没错。

Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那儿去。

(详见高一下册P155~P156)

(二)虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的,因此,掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化,是掌握虚拟语气的关键。

一、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

虚拟语气用于简单句中,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。

二、虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法

(1)在状语从句中的用法

1、条件句中的用法

虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑,和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等,只表示不同的虚拟语气,和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。

现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下;

a.表示与现在事实相反的情况

①形式

条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式

If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)I (we) should

You (he,she , +动词原形或:they,it ) would

所有人称+might(could)+动词原形

②用法:

If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )

If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)

If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)

b.表示与过去誓死相反的情况

①形式;

条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式

If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词I (we) should

You (he,she , +have+过去分词或:they,it ) would

所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词

②用法:

I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)

You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )

c.表示与将来事实相反的情况

①形式:

条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式

a.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行

为动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用

were)通常要与一个表将来的时间的

状语连用

b.If

(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should +动词原形

c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形I (we) should

You would +动词原形或:

he(she,it ) would

they would

I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形

②用法:

If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)

If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)

If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)

If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形,表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”,但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)

c.混合时间条件句的用法:

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式,应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。

1)If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去,主句叙述现在。)

(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)

2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在,从句叙述过去)

(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)

2、在其他状语从句中的用法

主要用于由as if (as though) 引导的比较状语从句,从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be 变were )或had +过去分词。”

如:

She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病,在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)

Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)

(2)、在主语从句中的用法:

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It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.在工作中,征求别人的意见是很重要的。

(3)在宾语从句中的用法(略)

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