专业英语

Printing Presses：An Overview

印刷机：概述

Historical Background

历史背景

The first high-speed printing press was designed around 1450 by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. Gutenberg tried several different designs, but he settled on the basic form of a wine press .He placed the bed of the press so that it could be rolled out from under the plate,activated the screw by a lever ,and added a frame ,or tympan ,to hold the paper. With this device Gutenberg printed his famous forty-two-line Bible (called the Gutenberg Bible). It took him just over three years to print two hundred copies.

第一台高速印刷机是由约翰内斯·古腾堡德国设计的大约 1450 年。古腾堡尝试几个不同的设计，但他都是建立在葡萄压榨机基础之上。他把床放在压榨机旁，以便它能从板推出，由一根杠杆，激活螺丝和添加帧或鼓膜，要按住纸。与此设备古腾堡印刷他著名的四十两线圣经（称为古腾堡圣经）。他花了刚刚超过三年，来打印 200 多个副本。

Gutenberg’s press worked so well that three hundred years later Benjamin Franklin used a similar design (see illustration). Two men were needed to operate Franklin’s pre ss .The type was locked in place on the bed of the press , the raised portions of the type were inked ,and the paper was positioned on the tympan frame and swung into place over the type. The bed was then rolled under the platen and the lever ( a pressure plate )was activated to press the sheet against the type .The press was then opened, the printed sheet was hung on a line to dry, and the entire processes was repeated. Using this method,two press operator could make about three hundred impressions in a single twelve-hour work-day. The basic steps of feeding the paper, registering the paper to the form,printing,and finally delivering the sheet remain in printing today. Modern processes, however, are more accurate and more rapid than the modified wine press.

古腾堡的印刷机运作的如此好了，因而三百年之后班杰民富兰克林用了相似的

设计. （见到例证）操作富兰克林的印刷机需要两位男人。一种类型是机放上的新闻、文件是该类型的凸起的部分，和纸是定位在鼓膜框架上和摇摆的到位在

类型。当时的机床在压盘之下被卷，而且杠杆（压力碟子）被刺激对着类型压

张了。当时的新闻媒体被打开了，印刷的张在一条线上被吊弄干，而且整个的

程序被重复了。使用此方法，两个按运算符可以在单个十二小时工作时间做出

约三百年的印象。送纸，注册的窗体，该文件的基本步骤印刷、和最后交付工

作表仍然在今天印刷。现代的进程，但是，是更准确和更快比改性葡萄压榨机。Introduction

介绍

A printing press is a machine that transfers an image from a plate or an image carrier to a substrate,such as paper. It is certainly possible to transfer images from a plate without using a machine—consider a rubber stamp or a stencil –but printing presses are much faster and print more accurately than hand methods.

印刷机是一种机器，图像从一个材料或图像载体转移到衬底，如纸。它是当然

有可能从板传输图像，而无需使用一台机器——考虑橡皮戳或模具论断印刷机

是更快、打印比手方法更准确。

Gutenberg’s version of the wine press could be operated at the then fantastic rate of one copy every three minutes .Contemporary high-performance automatic presses can operate at extremely high speeds,with some configurations producing up to 60000 copies per hour. When the paper is fed from a continuous roll (called web feeding), the paper can pass under a printing plate as rapidly as 3000 feet per minute,depending on the type of press.

古腾堡版本的葡萄压榨机的工作效率可能是每三分钟复制一份的奇妙比率。同

时代的高速率印刷机能以极端地高速操作，一些结构产生在到上面每小时的

60000 的副本。当纸张从连续辊传输（叫做领纸），纸张可以以每分钟3000尺的速度通过一个印版，取决于印刷机的类型。

The design of Gutenberg’s original press has been refined a bit ,but modern presses still perform the same basic operations of feeding ,registering,

printing ,and delivering that Gutenberg’s press performed more than five centuries ago .It is important to understand that every printing press—relief , gravure, screen, lithographic, and electrostatic—is built from four basic units:

古腾堡的印刷机设计已经被精炼一点，但是现代印刷机仍然需要五世纪以前古腾堡的印刷机的基本的操作送纸，登记、印刷，传送。理解每台印刷机四个基本单位浮雕，凹版，屏幕，平版印刷，和静电是很重要的。

■Feeding unit进料装置

■Registration unit注册单位

■Printing unit印刷单位

■Delivery unit递送单位

The actual buttons and switches that cause a press to run differ from machine to machine.However, every press has these four fundamental elements regardless of size, manufacturer, complexity,or cost. If you first learn the basic tasks of each unit and then how the units function together you will always have the skills to advance and adapt in the printing industry. It is easy to learn buttons and switches—the individual who understands systems will be able to operate any press.

实际的按钮和开关导致不同印刷机按键运行功能不同。然而，每台印刷机都有四个基本的元素无论大小、制造商、复杂性或成本。如果您首先了解每个单位的基本任务，然后再如何，单位共同发挥作用你将始终推进和适应在印刷行业

的技能。很容易地了解按钮和开关——理解系统的个人将能够了解使用任何印刷机。

The goal of the feeding unit is to feed stock into the press rapidly and uniformly. The feeding unit can be as simple as a human hand picking up a sheet of paper or as complex as an air-vacuum device that automatically fans the top sheets of a paper pile and lifts a sheet with mechanical fingers.

进料装置的目标是迅速均匀的进料。进料装置可以像人的手拿起一张纸一样简单或复杂的一种空气真空设备，自动的球迷的一纸堆顶床单和升降机机械手指与工作表。

The registration unit is designed to ensure that the press sheet is held in the same position for each impression. It is important that the printed image appear in the same spot on every sheet. Registration is especially important for color printing, which requires two or more impressions on each press sheet. The different colored images made during each impression would not line up if the position of the paper were not controlled during printing.

登记单位被设计确定印刷机的单张纸被固定在相同的位置。很重要的是，印刷的图像在每张上的相同地点中出现。登记在彩色印刷上尤其重要，它要求每张印刷纸印刷两次或更多。如果不同的彩色图像在纸上没有排成一行那么在印刷时就不能被控制

Once the sheet is held firmly in the proper position, the image is transferred from the plate to the press sheet in the printing unit. The placement of the plate or image carrier might vary with the type of printing (relief, screen, gravure, or lithograph), but there are general similarities between all presses.

一旦纸张被固定在适当位置，图像就从底片上传输到印刷纸张在印刷单元时。底片或图像携载体的定位或许是根据印刷的类型的改变而改变（减轻、荧屏、凹版印刷或石版印刷），但是一般情况下所有的印刷机都是相同的。

After printing, the completed sheet must be removed from the press by the delivery unit. Five centuries ago, Gutenberg picked up each printed sheet and hung it on a wire line to dry. Modern presses generally deliver a uniform stack of sheets that can be easily folded, collated, packaged, or cut.

在印刷之后，成品通过传输系统从印刷机上被转移。五世纪前，古腾堡在一条

电线上把每个印刷纸晾干。现代印刷机一般提供一个统一的床单，可以方便地

折叠、整理、打包，或切堆栈。

This chapter discusses the development of printing presses and the operation of the four press systems. Much of this discussion centers around the systems used on offset lithographic presses because offset lithographic printing is the printing method used most commonly in industry. Gravure, screen, and flexographic presses are discussed in more detail later in the text.

这一章讨论的印刷机发展和四个新闻系统的运作。这次讨论的很多围绕使用平

版印刷胶印机因为偏移平版印刷印刷是在行业中最常用的印刷方法的系统。凹印、屏幕和柔版印刷机在文本后面更详细地讨论了。

Press Development

印刷机的发展

Since Gutenberg development his first printing press, major improvements have been made in press design. These improvements have in-creased both the speed and the quality with which work can be printed. Modern press designs are the result of changes in the method used to move paper through the press and in the method used to transfer an image. A brief look at press development will help

you understand the operation of a modern offset press.

古腾堡发明了他的第一台印刷机，印刷设计方面主要的发展。这些发展体现在

印刷机的工作速度和工作质量上。现代印刷机的改革是在纸张的传输方法和图

像的传输方法上。印刷机发展的清楚表现可以帮助你们理解现代胶印机的操作。Platen Press

印压机

If it were in operation today,Gutenberg’s converted wine press would be labeled

a platen press. On this type of press,the paper is placed between the type form and a flat surface called a platen. The type form and the platen are then brought together ,and an image is transferred to the press sheet .Although the feeding, registration, and delivery units have now been automated, the basic problems inherent in the platen press design remain. The paper must be inserted, held in place, and printed, and it must remain in place until the platen opens sufficiently for the sheet to be removed. The process is slow.

如果是在今天的行动中，古腾堡转换后的葡萄压榨机会被标记为印压机。在这

种类型的印刷机，纸张被放置窗体和平面之间叫做压印。类型窗体和台板然后

在一起，带来和图像传输到新闻工作表。虽然现在已经自动化了的喂养、注册

和交付的单位，仍然压板按设计中固有的基本问题。该文件必须插入、举行的

地方，打印，和它必须持续有效，直至台板充分打开的工作表将被删除。过程

是缓慢的。

In addition to being slow, the platen press process is limited to the page size that can be printed. The platen press requires 175 pounds of pressure per square

inch (psi) to transfer ink from the type form to the press sheet. A press capable of printing an 11 inch *14 inch image must be able to produce 26950 pounds of pressure. (This is why early wooden printing presses were built in the basement or first floor of a two-story building. The press was the main support for the floor above.) Speed and size were the two factors that led to the development of the

flat bed cylinder press.

慢板新闻过程是，限制为可打印的页大小。印压机需要 175 磅每平方英寸 (psi)，将油墨从类型窗体转移到新闻工作表的压力。11 寸 * 14 寸图像打印的出版社必须能够产生 26950 磅的压力。（这就是为什么在地下室或一楼的一座两层楼被

修造了早期木制印刷机。新闻界是楼上的主要支持)。速度和大小是两个因素导

致的平板床缸新闻发展。

Flatbed Cylinder Press

平面的滚筒杂志报纸

An improvement over the platen press, the flatbed cylinder press is constructed so that the press sheet rolls into contact with the type form as a cylinder moves across the press. Mechanical fingers, or grippers, hold the press sheet in place during the cylinder’s movement and automatically open at the end of one rotation. Ink rollers are usually attached to the cylinder assembly so that as an image is being printed, the form is also being reinked. After each impression, the cylinder raisesautomaticallyand rolls back to the starting point to receive another sheet. On some models the cylinder is stationary and the type form moves.

在压盘杂志报纸之上的进步，平面的圆筒杂志报纸被构造，以便当一个圆筒移动过新闻媒体时，新闻媒体张进入连络之内，以类型形式卷。机械的手指或夹子，在圆筒运动期间适当地支撑杂志报纸张而且自动地在一次旋转结束的时候打开。墨水滚筒通常被附上到圆筒集会，以便同样地一个图像被印刷，形式也被再涂墨水于。在每印象之后，圆筒自动地升起而且对出发点迫使后退接受另外的张。在一些模型身上，圆筒是固定之物体和类型形式动作。

One advantage of the flatbed cylinder design is that, because only a very narrow portion of the sheet is being printed at any given instant, much less pressure is required to transfer the image than is required for the platen design. A slight modification is to place the type form in a vertical position so that the bed and the cylinder rotate in opposite directions. This cuts the printing time in half because the cylinder makes only a 180-degree turn for each impression. However, motion is still wasted when the cylinder and/ or the type form return to their original positions and no image is being transferred.

因为只有张的非常狭窄部分在任何给予的立即被印刷，所以平面圆筒设计的一个利益是那，少很多压力为为压盘设计比被需要转移图像所需。微小的修正将把类型形式放在一个垂直的位置以便床和圆筒辐状的在相反的方向中。因为圆

筒只为每印象制造一个180 程度的旋转，所以这把印刷时间减低成一半。然而，运动仍然被浪费何时圆筒以及／或类型形式回返到他们的最初位置和没有图像

被转移。

Rotary Press

新闻媒体

The rotary press is formed from two cylinders. One cylinder, called the plate cylinder, holds the type form while the other cylinder acts as the impression cylinder to push the press sheet against the type form. As the cylinder rotate, a press sheet is inserted between them so that an image is placed in the same position on every sheet. Ink rollers continually replace ink that has been transferred to the press sheets. The impression cylinder can usually be moved up or down to adjust impression pressure for the weight or thickness of the material being printed.

轮转机被形成的两个气瓶。一缸，称为板圆筒，持有类型窗体而充当印象缸推

按表反对类型窗体的其他缸。如圆筒旋转，以便将图像放在每个工作表的相同

位置它们之间插入新闻工作表。墨辊不断更换已转到新闻床单的墨迹。印象缸

可以通常移动向上或向下调整的重量或正在打印的材料厚度的印象压力。

The rotary press is efficient. Because one impression is made with each cylinder rotation, there is no wasted motion. The rotary press is the only press design

that can transfer an image to a continuous roll of paper. This process is called

web printing. The rotary configuration can also be easily adapted to multicolor presswork. One common rotary press of this design place several plate cylinder around a single offset lithographic presses are rotary presses.

扶轮社新闻是有效的。因为一个印象是用每个圆筒旋转，没有浪费的议案。轮

转机是唯一的新闻设计，可以将图像传输到连续卷纸。这个过程被称为 web 打印。旋转式配置也可以轻松地适应多色印刷品。这种设计的一个共同的扶轮社

新闻放置几个板圆柱周围单个偏移量平版印刷压力机是轮转印刷机。

Offset Press

胶印机

The term offset is generally associated with the lithographic process, but the offset principle can be applied to a variety of printing processes. An offset press transfers (or offsets) an image from an inked printing plate cylinder to a rubber blanket cylinder. The blanket cylinder reverses the image . The blanket cylinder then transfers the reversed image to the press sheet.

词的偏移量是通常与平版印刷的过程中，但偏移的原则可以适用于各种印刷过程。胶印机转让（或偏移量）来自染墨印版滚筒橡胶毯圆筒的图像。毯子圆筒

反转图像。毯子圆筒然后将反转的图像传输到新闻工作表。

Transferring an image from a blanket cylinder to the press sheet, rather than transferring the image directly from the plate cylinder to the press sheet, has several advantages. Paper has an abrasive effect on printing plates. If the paper were allowed to contact the printing throughout the press run, the plate would soon become too worn to print properly. Having the plate contact the rubber blanket cylinder instead of the printing press sheet, lengthens the life of the plate cylinder. In addition, whenever an image is transferred from one carrier to another, the symbols are reversed (recall that foundry type is cast in reverse). When a blanket cylinder is used on an offset press, the characters on the printing plate must be right reading. The characters will print in reverse on the blanket cylinder, then be reversed again (back to right reading) on the press sheet. Right-reading characters are more convenient for people to work with and assemble during the composition and stripping processes. A rubber blanket cylinder also tends to diminish unwanted background detail or “scum” that might accumulate on the printing plate.

将图像从毯子圆筒传送到新闻工作表，而不是将图像直接从板缸转移到按表中，有几个优点。纸的印刷板上的研磨效果。如果纸张被允许联系整个运行印刷机

印刷，板会很快变得太，佩戴正确打印。有板接触而不是印刷板橡胶毯缸，加

长版滚筒的生命。此外，每当图像从一个承运人转移到另一个，扭转符号（记

得铸造类型投在背面）。当毯子圆筒胶印机上使用时，印刷板上的字符必须正

确读取。字符将打印在背面在毯子圆筒，然后再次逆转 (回右读）新闻工作表上。右的读取的字符是为人们的工作和装配在组成和剥离过程中更方便。橡胶毯缸

也趋于减少不需要的背景细节或可能累积在印刷板的"人渣"。

A perfecting press can print simultaneously on both sides of the press sheet as it passes through the printing unit. The most common perfecting presses use the rotary configuration and can be designed for either sheet-fed or web-fed reproduction. (See the Feeding Unit section of this chapter for more about sheet-fed and web-fed reproduction.)

当它经过印刷单位时，新闻媒体能同时地在杂志报纸张的两边上印刷。最通常

的杂志报纸完美使用旋转的结构而且能而设计或张－喂或喂网的再现。（为关

于张的更多见到这一个章节的逐渐强烈单位区段－喂和喂网的再现．)

Understanding Offset Press Operation

理解胶印机操作

Offset lithographic presses, which are presses that can feed sheets larger than 11 inches×17 inches, can be classified and described in many different ways. For example, one press might be labeled a “five-unit, perfecting in-line web.” Another might be called a “single-color, sheet-fed” press. The terms are meaningful to experienced printers, but they are foreign to new student in the field. Whenever people move to learn something in a new field, they have to learn the field-specific language.

平版印刷胶印机，哪些是可以喂床单大于 11 英寸 × 17 英寸，可以分类和描述

在许多不同的方式的压力机。例如，一则新闻可能被标记为"五单元、完善的线网"。另一种可能会调用"单一颜色，馈纸"的新闻。条款有意义到经验丰富的打

印机，但他们不熟悉的领域中的新学生。每当人们移动要学的东西在一个新的

领域中，他们必须学习的领域特定语言。

The purpose of this section is to describe in some detail the process and vocabulary of basic press operation. Of course, it would be possible to write volumes about each category of operation. However, you must understand the main controls and variables within each press unit before you begin the process

of printing. This description provides that understanding. Once you are proficient in this content, you can move to the volumes of advanced technical manuals on printing presses and their operation.

本节的目的是描述一些详细的过程和基本的新闻操作的词汇。当然，它将有可

能写入卷关于每个类别的操作。但是，您必须了解的主要控件和每个新闻单位

内的变量之前你开始打印的过程中。这说明提供这种理解。一旦你精通此内容，您可以移动到的先进技术手册卷印刷机和它们的运作。

Classifying Offset Lithographic Presses

分类平版印刷胶印机

Offset lithographic presses are classified most simply as either duplicator or presses. These types are based on the maximum size of press sheet the press can print.

平版印刷胶印机最简单地列为复印机或压力机。这些类型基于新闻可以打印的

新闻工作表的最大大小。

Offset duplicators

偏移量的复印机

Duplicators are any offset lithographic machines that can feed a maximum press sheet size of 11 inches×17 inches. A duplicator is assumed not to have the degree of control found on a larger offset press, but the feeder, registration, printing,

and delivery units are always present in a duplicator.

复印机是任何偏移的平版印刷机器，可以养活的最大新闻工作表大小为 11 英寸×17 英寸。一台复印机则认为不具有较大的胶印机上发现的控制程度但进纸器、登记、印刷和交货单位总是存在于一台复印机。

Tabletop duplicators are designed for short-run work and can be operated by office personnel. Most models have frication paper feed, control registration by positioning of the paper pile, and use a simple gravity delivery system. Figure 11.8 shows a common pedestal-type duplicator. Pedestal duplicators are usually more rugged than tabletop duplicators and have a few more sophisticated controls than the tabletop devices.

台式复印机的设计为短期的工作，可由办公室人员操作。大多数模型有摩擦纸

饲料、定位的纸堆中，通过控制注册和使用一个简单的重力传递系统。图 11.8

显示常见的基座类型复印机。基座复印机通常比台式复印机更坚固耐用，有几

个更复杂的控件比台式设备。

An offset duplicator can do any job a larger press can handle, but each handles

a different sheet size. (See the following section.)Modern duplicators can print

on a variety of paper stock thicknesses at speeds of 5000 to 10000 impressions

per hour. They are also available with a wed-fed design and multiple printing units for efficient multicolor printing.

偏移量的复印机可以做任何工作，能够处理更大的新闻，但每个处理不同的工作表的大小。（请参阅下一节)。现代复印机可以上各式各样的纸股票厚度在5000 到 10000 印象每小时的速度打印。他们也有与周三美联储的设计和多个印刷单位为高效多色印刷。

Duplicators are versatile machines that meet the short-run demands of the printing industry. They have the same basic controls as offset presses yet are significantly less expensive. Duplicators are commonly used for introductory press training because of their similarity to larger offset presses.

复印机是满足印刷行业的短期需求的多功能机器。他们有相同的基本控件胶印机尚未有显著较便宜。复印机常用的介绍性新闻培训因为它们更大的胶印机的相似。

Offset presses

平版印刷机

A true offset press can feed a sheet size greater than 11 inches×17 inches. Sheet-fed offset presses (see the Feeder Unit of this chapter)can print press sheets from 12.625 inches×18 inches to 54 inches×77 inches. Figure 11.9 shows a common lithographic offset press.

真正的平版的印刷机可以喂大于 11 英寸× 17 英寸的纸张大小。单张纸胶印机（见本章的纸单元）可以打印新闻床单从 12.625 英寸× 18 英寸到 54 英寸× 77 英寸。图 11.9 显示常见的平版印刷胶印机。

Although presses and duplicators are technically different, the word duplicator is rarely used.

然印刷机和复印机技术上不同，但很少使用 word 复印机。

The Systems Approach to Learning about Presses

系统的方法学习印刷

It is critical to keep firmly in mind that all presses are designed and built using four basic units: feeding, registration, printing, and delivery. The following material describes the printing process as a sheet of press paper goes from one end of the press to the other. It is also critical to always remember the simple visualization presented in figure 11.1. If you think of the overall system while learning the specifics, you will ultimately become a more skillful press operator.

关键是要牢记所有压力机的设计及兴建使用四个基本单位：喂养、登记、印刷和交付。以下材料描述打印过程，随着一纸新闻从新闻的一端到另。它也是关键要始终记住图 11.1 中介绍的简单的可视化。如果你觉得整个系统的学习细节的同时，你最终将成为一个更加纯熟的新闻运算符。

Finally, remember that while this discussion focuses on offset lithographic presses, these concepts apply to every other printing method. If you understand how the units of an offset press function, then you could walk up to a flatbed relief press, and with brief instruction on buttons and switches, probably run it. This approach of classifying units, looking at specifics, and transferring learning to other application is called the systems approach. It will serve you well throughout your life.

最后，请记住虽然这次讨论的重点平版印刷胶印机，这些概念适用于每个其他的打印方法。如果你理解的一个偏移量单位如何按功能，然后你能走上到平板救济新闻，和以简短指令上的按钮和开关，可能运行它。这种的分类单位、看具体情况，和转移到其他应用程序中的学习方法调用的系统方法。一生中都在它将为您提供服务。

Feeding Unit

进料装置

One method of categorizing presses is by the form of the material sent through the feeding system. When a roll of paper is placed in the feeding unit, the press is classified as web fed or, simply, web (figure11.10).When the feeding unit picks up individual press sheets from a pile, the press is classified as sheet fed. Our primary concern in this discussion is sheet-fed presses. Web presses are discussed later in this chapter.

对印刷机进行分类的一种方法是材料的通过给料系统发送的形式。当一卷纸放在供餐单位时，新闻被列为美联储的 web 或，简单地说，web (figure11.10)。当进料装置捡起从一堆个别新闻床单时，新闻被列为单张纸。在这次讨论中的我们主要关注的是馈纸式印刷机。卷筒纸印刷机在本章后面讨论。

The feeding unit for a sheet-fed offset press must separate the top sheet of paper from the infeed pile, pick it up, and deliver it to the registration unit. This process must be done consistently for each sheet in the pile. Only one sheet can be fed at a time, and each sheet must reach the registration unit at a precise moment to be registered and sent to the printing unit.

单张纸胶印机的供餐单位必须分开进料桩顶张纸的捡起来，然后提供给到注册单位。这一过程必须始终如一地为做桩中的每个工作表。只有一个工作表可以喂一次，和每个工作表必须在精确的时刻注册和发送到印刷股达到注册单位。Loading Systems

加载系统

The simplest and most common sheet-feeding system is pilefeeding (figure 11.11). With this system a pile of paper is placed on a feed table while the press is turned off. The table is then raised to a predetermined feeding height and the press run begins. As each sheet is removed from the pile, the press moves the table up so that the top of the pile remains at a constant height.

最简单和最常见的板料系统是pilefeeding（图 11.11）。与此系统一堆文件放

在饲料的表，虽然新闻处于关闭状态。表然后引发到预定的送料高度，并按运行开始。作为从堆中删除每个工作表，按表向上移动以便在桩的顶部保持在恒定的高度。

Pilefeeding presents no difficulties when all the sheets for a single job can be placed in one pile. However, when the press must be stopped and started several times during an extremely long run to add more paper, problems are often encountered. When a job is first set up on a press, a certain amount of paper is spoiled during make-ready (preparation work) to obtain a quality printed image. During a steady press run, it is relatively easy to maintain consistent quality. Whenever the press is stopped, however, not only is production time lost, but more paper wastage could occur before a quality impression is obtained again.

Pilefeeding时为单个作业的所有工作表可以被放在一堆没有困难。然而，当记者必须停止和启动几次极长时间运行期间要添加更多的纸张，是经常会遇到的问题。当一份工作在新闻上首次设置时，一定量的纸是宠坏了期间印数（准备工作）以获得打印的图像质量。在稳定新闻运行，期间它是相对地容易维护一致的质量。新闻界停止了，然而，每当生产时间丢失，不仅浪费纸张更多可能出现之前质量印象再次获得。

Continuous sheet feeding provides a meaning of adding sheets to a feeding system without stopping the press in the middle of a run. There are two common continuous-feed designs. The older of the two designs generally has a feed table located over the registration unit (figure 11.12). The printer fans the paper, and the pile is spread on the infeed table. A continuous belt then moves the pile around and under the feed table to the registration unit. Additional paper is fanned and added to the moving pile as needed.

连续的表喂养提供的给料系统添加表，而不必停止运行在新闻的含义。有两个共同连续送纸设计。较早的两种设计一般有饲料的表上方的注册单位（11.12 图）。打印机的球迷纸，和桩传播进料的桌上。连续带然后移桩周围和饲料表下的注册单位。附加文件是煽起了，根据需要添加到移动桩。

The second continuous sheet-feeding system provides continuous feeding by loading new paper under an existing pile while the press is running (figure 11.13). Before the pile run out, temporary rods are inserted between open channels in the table, and the fresh pile is elevated into feeding position. The rods are then removed, and a single stack of paper is again in the feeding unit.

第二个的连续板料系统提供通过加载新的文件，根据现有的桩新闻运行时（图 11.13）连续饲喂。桩跑出来之前，临时棒插入在表中，打开通道之间和新鲜桩高架进送料的位置。燃料棒然后被删除，并且一个堆栈的纸再在供餐单位。

Types of Feeders

馈线的类型

The most common type of mechanical feeder is the successive sheet-feeding system (figure 11.14). Mechanical fingers pick up one sheet from the top of the paper pile and direct it into the registration unit.

机械进纸器的最常见类型是连续板料系统（图 11.14）。机械手指捡起一张纸从纸堆的顶部和它的直接进入注册单位。

Usually, an air blast is used to separate the top press sheet from the rest of the pile. This blast can be adjusted for papers of different weight and for different atmospheric conditions. On dry days, when press sheets tend to cling together because of static electricity, the air blast can be increased. Heavy papers require a stronger air blast than uncoated papers. The air blast must be strong enough to float the top piece of paper above the pile at a specified height below the sucker feet.

通常情况下，空气爆炸用于桩的其余部分分隔开的顶尖新闻工作表。这次爆炸可以按论文的不同重量和不同大气条件调整。在干燥的日子，当新闻床单往往由于静电紧贴在一起，可以增加空中爆炸。重论文需要更强的空气爆炸比未涂布纸。空气爆炸必须足够强大，指定高度，下面抽油脚浮顶张纸上面桩。

The sucker feet are small vacuum tubes that grab the top press sheet from the pile and move it forward a short distance to where it is picked up by pull-in wheels (or some other device) that put it squarely on a conveyer belt system on the registration board. The press automatically controls the precise moment

when the sucker feet grab the top sheet, as well as movement of the sheet toward the registration board and the precise moment when the vacuum is cut off and the sheet enters the registration unit.

抽油脚是小真空管子，抓住从一堆的顶尖新闻工作表，并移动它带系统上

注册局转发到哪里它捡的吸合轮子（或其他设备），把它放在输送带的正视距离很短。新闻自动控制的精确时抽油脚抓住的顶级表，以及向注册局的工作表的移动和精确时刻当真空切断了和工作表输入的注册单位

As the press removes paper from the infeed table, the height of the paper pile decreases. However, the paper pile must be maintained at a constant distance from the sucker feet. This requirement is accomplished automatically by the press. As the press removes paper from the infeed pile, the infeed table automatically moves up, which moves the infeed pile closer to the sucker feet.

随着新闻从进料的表中删除文件，减少的纸堆高度。然而，纸桩必须保持

固定的距离从抽油脚。这项规定是由新闻自动完成的。作为新闻从进料桩中删除文件，进料的表自动向上移动，这将更接近进料的桩移到抽油脚。

The feeding system must be adjusted for air blast, vacuum, paper pile height, and upward movement of infeed table as the paper is used.

必须为空气冲击波、真空、纸堆最大高度，向上运动的进料表调整给料系统，随着纸张的使用。

The paper feed must be synchronized with the printing unit: each time an impression is made, the feeder must be ready to insert a fresh press sheet. In high-speed presses with successive sheet feeding systems, the paper literally files through the registration unit to keep up with the printing unit. It is not easy to hold accurate registration when high-speed printing with a single sheet feeder. The paper may misalign as it enters the registration board due to the high rate of speed.

必须与印刷股同步纸：每一次的印象是，在送纸器必须准备就绪，插入新

鲜新闻工作表。在与连续纸的系统的高速印刷机，纸张字面上文件通过登记股赶上印刷单位。它不是容易保持准确登记时高速打印单张进纸器。该文件可能会大厅就将进入注册局由于率高的速度。

In contrast to a successive sheet feeder, a stream feeder overlaps sheets on the registration board and slows the rate of sheet movement significantly (figure 11.15). With a stream feeder, sheets move through the registration unit at a fraction of the speed of the printing unit. This makes accurate registration control less difficult.

与连续送纸器，流进纸器重叠的床单上，注册局和明显减速板运动的速率（图 11.15）。使用流进纸器，床单移动通过一小部分的速度的印刷单位注册单位。这使准确登记控制较难。

Automatic Feeder Controls

自动进纸器控件

Whatever the method of paper loading or feeding, there are common feeder system controls on all sheet-fed presses. When the paper pile is loaded into the feeding system, it is centered on the press. A scale is usually provided somewhere on the feeder to ensure accurate paper position. Once the pile has been centered, movable side and back guides are positioned to just touch the paper so that the pile will not shift position during the press run (figure11.16).

不管方法的纸加载或喂养，共同进纸器系统上有控件所有馈纸式印刷机。当纸桩入料系统加载时，它是在印刷机上居中。规模上的进纸器，以确保准确的文件的位置，通常在某个地方提供。一旦被居中桩、可动侧和背参考线的位置以便桩新闻运行（figure11.16）期间不将转变立场只是触碰纸。

The height of the pile can usually be adjusted and maintained automatically by the press. Usually some type of sensing bar touches the top of the pile immediately after a sheet has been fed and directs a gear-and-chain pile height control. The pile height that is required depends on such factors as the paper weight, environmental conditions, and feeding method. The top of the pile must be as level as possible for consistent feeding. This is usually a problem only with large press sheets. Wedges or blocks are often placed under a pile of large press sheets to keep the sheets level.

桩的高度通常可以调整和由新闻自动维护。通常一些类型的遥感栏碰桩的顶部一张已被美联储和指示齿轮链桩高度控制后，立即。是所需的桩高度取决于这种因素作为纸张重量、环境条件和饲养方法。在桩的顶部必须尽可能一致喂养水平。这通常是只有大型压板有问题。楔块，常常处于下一堆大型压纸保持床单水平。

To ensure that only one sheet feeds into the registration unit at a time, the top sheet must be separated from the rest of the pile. Various mechanisms are used on different machines, but they are all called sheet separators. The most common is a blast or directed air, which was just discussed. Blower tubes, which can be directed at the front, side, or rear of a pile, place a blanket of air under the first few press sheets (figure 11.17). Another common approach is to combing wheel, which curls one edge of the paper above the rest of the stack

(figure11.18). With either technique, a sucker foot moves to the top sheet, applies suction, and forwards it into the registration unit. (Sucker feet were discussed in more detail in the previous section.) Most sheet separators have at

least two sucker feet. Both the volume of air to separate the top sheet and the amount of vacuum pull in the sucker feet can be adjusted for different paper characteristics.

为了确保，只有一个工作表一次注入的注册单位，必须从桩的其余部分分

隔的顶级表。在不同的机器上使用各种机制，但他们是所有被调用工作表分隔符。最常见是爆炸或指示空气，刚刚讨论过了。鼓风机管，可针对前面、一侧或后面的一堆，地方空气第一的几个新闻被单 (图 11.17) 下一条的毯子。另一种常见的方法是堆栈的到梳的轮子，卷发一纸张边缘，上面（figure11.18）的其余部分。与两种技术，抽油脚移动到的顶级表、适用吸，并将它转发到注册单位。(抽油脚讨论在上一节中详细)。大多数表分隔符有至少两个抽油脚。这

两个卷的空气分离的顶级表和真空吸盘脚拉的量可以调整不同的纸张特性。

The final consideration is to ensure that only one sheet feeds into the press from the feeder to the registration unit at a time. Multiple sheets can jam the press, give poor image impression, fail to be held in register, and even damage the printing unit. Most presses have double-sheet detectors (figure 11.19) to check for multiple sheets. These devices either eject double sheets from the registration system or stop the press when double sheets are detected. Usually a double-sheet detector merely gauges the thickness of the passing paper using a sensing switch. The gap from the switch to the paper can be sent to any thickness. When the allowable gap is exceeded (there are double sheets and the paper is too thick), the switch is tripped and the double sheets are ejected. On some presses, the paper feeder shuts down when a double sheet is detected. If all paper-feed adjustments have been made properly, the feeder should rarely feed multiple sheets.

最后审议，是为了确保，只有一个工作表喂入新闻的进纸器的注册单位一次。多个工作表可以果酱新闻，给形象不佳的印象，未能在登记册内，举行，甚至损害的印刷单位。大多数压力机有双张检测器 (图 11.19) 检查有多个工作表。这些设备弹出双床单从登记系统或停止新闻时双床单被检测到。通常一双张检测器仅仅测量仪器使用遥感开关传递纸的厚度。从交换机到纸张的差距可以发送到任何厚度。当超过允许的差距（有双板料和纸张是太厚），交换机绊倒和双床单被弹出。在一些印刷机上的纸进纸器关闭时检测到一个双表。如果所有纸调整都进行了正确，送纸器应该很少喂多张工作表。

The Registration Unit

注册单位

Importance of Registration

登记的重要性

Registration is the process of controlling and directing a press sheet as the printing unit. The goal of registration is to ensure consistent image position on every sheet printed. When one color is to be printed over another on a single sheet, the image will not fit on the sheet unless all sheets are held in register throughout the press run. The ideas of registration and fit are often confused. Fit refers to the image position on the press sheet. This term is often used when discussing flat color work. Two colors that are printed adjacent to each other in the proper positions are said to have proper fit. Fit can be affected by a variety of factors, including the original mechanical, the camera operations used to reproduce that mechanical, and the stripping of the job. Registration refers to the consistency of the position of the printed image during printing. An image that has the proper fit in stripping can be made to register properly. However, if the

fit was wrong in stripping, no amount of adjustment on press will bring the image into correct register.

登记是控制和指导新闻工作表作为打印单元的过程。注册的目标是确保一致的

图像位置的每个打印的工作表上。一种颜色时，打印在另一张纸上，图像将不

适合表上除非在整个新闻运行登记册内举行的所有工作表。注册和合适的思想

往往会产生混淆。适合指新闻工作表上的图像位置。这个期限常用的讨论平面

颜色工作时。在打印中的适当位置相邻的每个其他的两种颜色，据说有要适合。适合可以受各种因素的影响，包括原始机械、用于重现那机械、和作业的剥离

的相机操作。注册在打印期间是指打印的图像的位置的一致性。在剥离要适合

的图像可以作出正确注册。然而，如果错在剥离了适合，没有调整金额在新闻

上的将使图像正确注册

Typical Registration Designs

典型注册设计

After leaving the infeed pile, the press sheet is moved along the registration board toward the registration unit, As mentioned earlier, the registration board consists of a conveyer belt system and some type of registration system. The paper is carried along the conveyer belts until it reaches the registration unit, where it is stopped momentarily and squared to the plate cylinder along its top edge by a headstop. A headstop is a mechanical gate that stops the paper on the registration unit. At the same time the paper is being aligned by the headstop, it

is either being pushed or pulled slightly sideways and placed in the proper printing position. It is important to understand that before each press sheet is printed, the registration unit places it in exactly the same position as the preceding sheet. This position determines where the image will print on the press sheet. The registration unit must be adjusted for paper width as well as image location.

离开进料的桩后, 按表会沿走向的注册单位，注册局移动，正如前面提到，注册局下设输送机皮带系统和某些类型的登记制度。纸张被携带输送带，直到它到

达登记股，其中它是短暂地停止，由headstop到板圆柱体沿其边缘平方。Headstop是一种机械的门，停止纸上登记股。同时，文件由headstop正在排列，它是要么被推或略侧身拉和放置在适当的打印位置。它是重要的是要明白

打印每个新闻工作表之前，登记股放在前面的表完全相同的位置。这个位置确

定图像在新闻工作表上的打印位置。注册单位必须为纸张宽度调整，以及图像

的位置。

The actual registering of the press sheet is performed just before the sheet enters the printing unit. There are only two basic types of sheet-fed automatic registration systems: three-point guide and two-point pull rotary.

实际注册新闻工作表的工作表进入印刷股之前，只被执行。有馈纸式自动

登记系统只有两个基本类型：三点指南和两个点拉扶轮社。

In a three-point guide system, the press sheet advances along the registration board and halts against the headstops (figure 11.20). Next, side guides push the sheet into the proper printing position, the front guides move

out of the way, and the sheet moves into the printing unit. There is a tendency for heavy paper stock to bounce back as it contacts the headstop. In contrast, extremely lightweight materials buckle easily with this push system. Either condition can lead to misregistration.

在三点指南系统中，按表和进展沿，注册局将暂停对headstops (图11.20)。下一步，侧导轨推向了工作表的正确的打印位置，前台参考线移开，和纸移入

印刷单位。有一种倾向的厚纸股票反弹回来，它会联系headstop。相比之下，

极轻的材料很容易扣与此推系统。任何一个条件可以导致出现套准问题。

The two-point pull rotary system reduces the possibility of the press sheet misregistering (figure 11.21). With this system the headstop still swings into position and does not move. As the press sheet meets the headstop and comes to rest, a finger or roller lowers against the sheet. The sheet is then pulled by a rolling, or rotary, motion against the stationary side guide or pull guide. Once the sheet is in register, it moves into the printing unit.

两个点拉旋转系统减少了新闻工作表misregistering (图 11.21) 的可能性。

与此系统headstop仍入位置波动并不会移动。随着新闻工作表符合headstop

和静止下来，手指或滚子降低了对该工作表。工作表由滚动，或旋转，议案反

对的固定式侧指南或拉指南然后拉扯。一旦工作表是在登记册内，它将移动到

印刷单位。