人教版版高中英语选修七重点语法汇总
选修7重点语法汇总
Unit1
一. 动词不定式的形式
e.g. He appears to be very happy.
T o catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.
It happened to be raining when we got there.
I’m sorry to have lost your key.
He is said to have studied abroad.
These books are to be given out to the students.
This novel has been translated into many languages.
二. 动词不定式的用法
1.作主语
e.g. To know oneself is difficult.
在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：
e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.
2.作表语
e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.
3.作宾语
e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.
He had no choice but to sit there as usual.
John was happy to be given the job.
She is hard to get along with.
在feel, find, think, consider, make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语
e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.
可接不定时作宾语的动词有：
aim appear agree arrange ask decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn
mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend
wait wish refuse attempt continue
4.作宾语补足语
e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
5.作定语
e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
6.作状语
e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3) enough… to do He did n't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
三. 不定式的几种常见结构
1.不定式的复合结构
e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.
2.疑问词+不定式结构
e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.
3.with/without+名词+不定式结构
e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.
4.用作独立成分的不定式
e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.
可做插入语的还有：
to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先
to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说
to be sure 诚然，固然to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说
5.用主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?
The book is difficult to understand.
There is nothing to worry about.
高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：
be/get/become used to 习惯于be given to 沉溺于
be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于
get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意
stick to 坚持make contributions to对…作贡献
Unit2
一. 含义与构成
1. 被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。
2. 构成：be + 过去分词(be有时可用become 或get代替), be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有：
一般时态：be + 过去分词
English is spoken in many countries.
Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.
Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace.
进行时态：be + being + 过去分词
His plan is being carried out successfully.
The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up.
The car will be being cleaned by my brother.
完成时态：have + been + 过去分词
I’ve been robbed.
The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted. Everything will have been done by the end of this month.
二. 用法
1. 强调动作的承受者：
Frank was hit by a car.
A new idea has been suggested.
2. 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：
This bridge was built in 1700.
The house is being repaired.
3. 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：
此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如：It is said that…据说；It is reported that… 据报道；It is believed that…大家相信；It is hoped that…大家希望；It is well known that… 众所周知
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
Unit3
一. 含义与构成
1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：
主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）
定语、状语、宾/主语补足语(现在分词)
注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.
其各种形式如下表：
2. V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类
当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二. 用法
（一）动名词的被动式
动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。
1、作主语
So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语
V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
The bird escaped being caught. I didn’t mind being left at home.
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us. He did it without ___________ (ask)
You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on) I re member having been told the story.
3、作表语
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。如：
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。
②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。
③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：
Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital
（二）现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行。
1、作宾补
现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.
You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.
As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)
注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。
2、作定语
现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.
He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.
注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：
a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议
a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议
a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议
②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。
The building having been built last year (×) The building built last year (√)
We found him having been killed. (×) We found him killed (√)
（三）现在分词的被动完成式 (having been done) 作状语
当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。
Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.
被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。
Having been told the news, they put off the trip.
被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.
因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。
Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.
尽管被告知多次了，那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。
The work having been done, they left the office.
All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
②在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而
为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：
The work done, they left the office.
All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：
二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况
下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。
Asked (= Having been asked) to work overtime, I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加
班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果
强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时
间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯
同样的错误。
三、动名词的主动形式表被动意义
①在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意
义。
②在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.
③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或
代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟
We don’t allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生抽烟
Unit4
一. 概述：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
常用的关系代词(在从句中作主语，宾语): that, which, who, whom, as, whose(定语)
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步：
第一找出先行词；
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
第三选择合适的关系词。
二. 几个关系代词的基本用法：
●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：
Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
You can take anything (that) you like.
What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
Here is the man (who/whom/that) you want to see.
She's no longer the girl (that) she used to be before.
●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.
The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
The factory in which his father works is far from here.
●who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人
whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人
whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
I like the students who/that work hard.
All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)
He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
I'd like a room whose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south.
=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
关系代词作介词宾语：（介词+ whom / which）
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较
为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）
This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.
Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？
= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?
Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?
Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?
This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
三. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:
(A)that& which:
在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。
1. 宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,
We should do all that is useful to the people.
There's nothing that can be said about it.
Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
比较*This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the best that can be done now.
The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.
The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive.
⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。
Which is the book that you like best?
Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that .
That's a good book that will help you a lot.
My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be.
2. 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
(B) who & that:
who 和that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who，而不宜用that
①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时，如：
The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.
Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.
②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人，如：
There is a gentleman who wants to see you.
There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时，如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
Unit5
非限制性定语从句
1. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2. 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
人教版新课标高中英语选修7课文原文
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15.live/lead a．..life 过……的生活 佳句 1.It_is_also_a_virtue_to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 原谅和宽恕也是一种美德，尤其是在这样充满竞争和压力的社会。 2.In the past decades, advances in medical technology have made_it_possible_for_people_to_live longer than in the past. 在过去的几十年，医疗技术的进步已经使人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。 3.In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as_important_as life itself. 事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 [精美语篇] Wang Hong is my classmate. She is a lovely girl. But at the age of ten，she became disabled in a big fire，which made her left eye blind and right arm lost. She didn't give up anything in spite of her disability. Not only has she learned to take care of herself，but also she encourages other disabled people to face life bravely and lead an active life. Wang Hong learns hard and takes the head in our class. And we are all inspired by her. We hope other people don't look down upon the disabled. What healthy people should do is do what we can to help them，such as making public equipment more convenient for them to use. 高频单词 1．disability (n.) 伤残；无力；无能→disabled (adj.) 伤残的 2．adapt (vt.) 使适应；改编→adaptation (n.) 适应；改编；改写本
高中英语语法大全(新版)
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
高中英语选修7重点短语
20. rent sth. (out) to sb. 将某物出租 /租给某人 高中英语选修 7 重点短语 选修 7 Unit 1 1. adapt to 3. at least 5. get annoyed 7. live a normal life 适应 至少 恼火 9. cut out 切掉 , 删掉 11. depend on 依靠 13. in particular 特别地 15. adapt sb./oneself to sth 17. have a word with sb. 19. be accessible at all 根本就不 to do 过去常常 of breath 上气不接下气 fun of 取笑 过着正常的生活 other words 换句话说 in all 总而言之 the best 一切顺利 from 辞去…职务 使某人 / 自己适应于 16. cut in 插嘴 与某人谈话 words with sb. 与某人吵架 to 能 接 近 … 可到 达 的, 易受 影 响的 , 可 理 解 的 21. be to do sth. 准备做某事 22. be about to do whe n … 表示即将发生 选修 7 Unit 2 1. test out 考验 2. allow sb. to do 3. write out 写下 4. fall in love with 7. fall off 从'、' 掉下来 允许某人做某事 8. Ieave'、'al one 9. be pleased with 对…感到满意 爱上 10. search for 寻找 不打扰 5. give up 放弃 11. set aside 将''' 放在一边 6. ring up 打电话给 12. turn around 转向 必修 7 Unit3 1. ahead of （表示空间）在 前面；（表示时间）先，预先，比 提前, 比…… 更早 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1 7. 1 8. 1 9. aim at 向……瞄准 help out 帮助 .... （摆脱困难或危难）；协助；使 ..... 脱离困境 be/become aware of 对 ...... 知道，明白； 意识至U .. (be) scared to death sort out 整理；挑出 look forward to stop sb. (from) doing sth. 吓死了 7. float up to 浮至 渴望……，盼望 阻止某人做某人 上来 in the meantime upside down in the distance get close to a witness to sth. reflect on/upon sth. a reflection on be/become ware of be/become aware that rent sth. from sb. 在此期间，与此同时 上下翻转过来 在远处 靠近 ....... ，接近 ..... 某事的证人 认真思考某事，沉思某事 是……的反映 知道……；明白；意识到 明 白……；意识到…… 从某人 哪里租用某物
《高中英语语法汇总》最全、最实用
《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
人教版高中英语选修七11
语篇提能 阅读理解 A Lobsters (龙虾) can be found throughout the world's oceans, with the exception of the north and south polar regions. Different types of lobster choose different areas to live. Many lobsters live in shallow water in the coastal areas around islands. One group of lobsters, called deep-sea lobsters, lives in the cold, deep sea. When it comes to predators (捕食者), humans have to be placed first on the list thanks to a multi-billion dollar fishing industry. In the oceans lobsters face threats from a range of fish and sea mammals. Atlantic Cod Atlantic cod are found throughout the Atlantic Ocean at depths of between 200 and 440 feet. Small cod are primarily bottom feeders. Fully-grown cod will eat pretty much anything they can swallow whole including lobsters. Summer Flounder The summer flounder is a flat fish. What is unique about the fish is that both its eyes are on one side of its body. They stay close to the sea beds in the Atlantic waters off the coast of North America. They are effective predators that search for food on the sea floor. The flounder has sharp teeth capable of crushing (粉碎) small lobsters. Harbor Seals Found in Arctic and sub-arctic waters in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the harbor seals rest on sandy beaches and take to the water to hunt. Seals have a varied diet, eating a range of fish. They also eat lobsters. Wolffish The wolffish is found in coastal waters on both sides of the North