美国概况考试复习资料 问题及简答

美国概况考试复习资料 问题及简答
美国概况考试复习资料 问题及简答

1. How many states in the US?

50states

2. Which is the largest state in the main land? Texas

3. Which is the largest state in the whole country? Alaska

4. The youngest state of the US

Hawaii

5. How many colonies? The name of three parts.

13

New England

Middle Atlantic States

South Atlantic States

6. Try to describe the location of America. Northern Hemisphere

North pacific

Gulf of Mexico

North Atlantic Ocean

Mexico Canada

7. Three division geographically.

Highlands

Plain

Mountains

8. The backbone of the America. - The highest peak. Rocky & Mount Mitchell

9. The father of the water.

Mississippi River

10. The great lakes

Superior River

Michigan River

Huron River

Erie River

Ontario River

11. Crater Lake – The Deepest

12. The highest peak outside Alaska

Mount Whitney

13. The capital city of America & the famous river in Washington D.C Washington D.C & the Potomac River

14. The largest city in the US & the famous river in New York

New York & the Hudson River

15. The Melting Pot

It is metaphorically used to refer to the United States because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World to seek for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethic cultures toward some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot” of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.

16. The first colony

White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (W ASPs)

17. The first west people

Anglo Saxon

18. The largest ethnic-racial minority group

African-American

19. The freedom of black people

Lincoln & Emancipation of Declaration in 1863

20. Hispanics refer to

Spanish

21. The Constitution

Was framed in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified in 1789.

This is the first constitution in the world.

22. Check and balance

The Constitution follows two principles:

the federal system &

the “separation of powers.”

Two principles: federal; state principle for local

Three divisions:

23. The position of President

Commandeer-in-chief

Head of state

Chief executive

24. The power of president

The President has a veto power over bills passed by Congress.

The President has the power of appointing as many as thousands of officers.

The President has the power to conduct foreign affairs.

The President can make executive agreements with other countries without the approval of the Senate.

25. The power of congress

Congress has the power to make any laws that are considered “necessar y and proper.”

Congress has the power to impose taxes, decide the expenditures of the government, control trade with foreign nations, and establish and protect a monetary system.

Congress has the power to raise and maintain an army and a navy and declare war upon other countries.

26. Departments

Speaker of the House of Representatives 众议院长

President pro tempore of the Senate参议院临时主席

Secretary of State国务卿

Secretary of the Treasury财政部长

Secretary of Defense 国防部长

Attorney General 司法部长;最高法院院长

Postmaster General 邮政总长

Secretary of the Interior 内政部长

Secretary of Agriculture 农业部长

Secretary of Commerce 商业部长

Secretary of Labor 劳工部长

27. Five steps of Presidential Election

1.Primary (from February to June of the Election Year)

This is the election of delegates to the national conventions of the two parties.

2.The National Conventions

(in July or August)

Tasks:

To discuss and accept the party platform

To choose the presidential and vice presidential candidates

3.The Election Campaign

(from September to November)

4.The Election Day

(On the first Tuesday after the

first Monday in November in

an election year)

5.Casting the Electoral V ote

(the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December in an election year)

28. The significance of discovery of new world.

Positive effects:

Widen people’s horizon

Opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie

Promoted the development of commerce, sea navigation and industry, and provided the way for the rapid development of early capitalism Passive effect :

After the discovery of the New World, the European powers sent many explorers to the new continents and they began to compete against each other in occupying the New World.

29. The May Flower Compact

Mayflower Compact was the plan of government sighted on the Mayflower by 41 English settlers off Cape Cod, on November 11, 1620, before landing and founding their settlement at Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact was a plan for a democratic society, and was a model for later colonies; its ideas lie behind (为某事的理由) the US Constitution of 1789.

30. The cause of the French Indian war

(1756-1763) Britain began to compete with France over the fur trade in the Ohio Valley

The result: The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ended the French and Indian War and forced France to relinquish to Great Britain all her lands extending westward to the Mississippi River.

31. 1774 - First Continental Congress

The first Continental Congress assembled in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia

55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia

The motto of the colonies was “No taxation without representation.”

32. Shock in Lexiton

33. the significance of Independence War: The American revolution was an event of great historic importance:

It gave the colonies their right to national independence and assured US capitalism of a free development.

The direct social change brought about by the Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.

It was the first large-scale revolutionary movement of the colonial people against national oppression for political and economic emancipation. Its victory greatly encouraged the people in the Latin American colonies ruled by the Spanish and other colonies in the world.

33. The Second Continental Congress 1775

In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress was held with representatives from all 13 colonies, which lasted throughout the whole war.

34. Civil War

i: The Background of Civil War:

①The Territorial Expansion

②The Economic Expansion

③Economic Antagonism between the North and the South

④Disputes over Slavery

ii:6 Steps of the Territorial Expansions:

①the Treaty of Paris

②The Louisiana Purchase

③occupied Florida

④Mexican-US War (1846-1848)

⑤Oregon Region from England

⑥The US purchased Alaska and Aleutian Islands from Czarist Russia (沙俄) in 1867.

iii. Method: purchasing, war and invasion

iv. Result: By the mid-19th century, the size of the US was 10 times larger than the total area of the original thirteen states. By the late 19th century, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.

v. Influence: the land expansion brought huge disaster to Native Americans. However, the west territory was developed during this period and the expansion promoted the development of American economy. Otherwise, the contradiction would be more incisive between the North and South.

35. the Civil War

1. The causes of the War:

In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed.

The Origin of Slavery

Conflicts Arising from Slavery

2. Anti-Slavery Movement

3. Process of the Civil War:

The War broke out on April 12, 1861 and ended on April 9, 1865.

①the battle of Bull Run

The Union was beaten.

②the battle of Chancellorsville

the Union forces suffered a severe defeat.

③the battle of Gettysburg

The Union forces won a great victory at Gettysburg and this greatly encouraged the Union army.

④the battle of Mississippi

The Union forces won an almost uninterrupted series of victories.

4. Consequences of the War

Significance of Civil War:

?To preserve the Union

?To solve the agrarian problem

?To destroyed the feudal slavery-plantation system

?To develop American capitalism at a higher speed after the war

?To be called the Second American Bourgeois Revolution

?Not to emancipate the Negroes completely

35. Spanish America War

Result: occupied the colony of Spain Cuba belong to US Significance: new stage

Modern

36. Roosevelt New Deal

Destroy agriculture

Launch public

37. The definition of Ivy League

8 private universities

38. Which is the capital city of Canada? Ottawa

39. Which is the biggest city of Canada? Toronto

40. How many provinces in Canada?

10 and 3 territories

①Yukon Territory

②Northwest Territory

③Nunavut

④British Columbia

⑤Alberta

⑥Saskatchewan

⑦Manitoba

⑧Ontario

⑨Quebec

⑩New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island Newfoundland

41. How many parts in Canada? The structure of Aboriginal people.

First Nations ≠Canada’s Aboriginal peoples

Canada’s Aboriginal peoples: First Nations .Métis. Inuit

42. The capital city of Australia?

Canberra

43. The largest city in Australia

44. Describe the location of Australia

45. How many parts in Australia and their capital city.

①Western Australia Perth

②Northern Territory Darwin

③South Australia Adelaide

④Queensland Brisbane

⑤New South Wales Sydney

⑥Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra

⑦Victoria Melbourne

⑧Tasmania Hobart

46. National bird in Australia

Emus

47. National bird in New Zealand.

Kiwi

48. The name of two main islands and the capital city of them

South Island & north Island

49. The largest city in the whole country, in the north island

50. National flag.

Union Jack & South Cross.

51. The native people in the New Zealand.

Maries

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